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Infectious diseases I & II > Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (diarrhea 2/2) > Flashcards

Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (diarrhea 2/2) Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 swine diseases caused by coronaviruses.

A

Transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs (TGE) (Alphacoronavirus)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) (Alphacoronavirus)

Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease (Betacoronavirus)

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2
Q

TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS (TGE) – is a highly contagious disease of

A

pigs at any age,
caused by Coronavirus,
characterized by acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality.

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3
Q

TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS (TGE) – is a highly contagious disease of pigs at any age, caused by Coronavirus, characterized by

A

acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality.

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4
Q

Causative agent of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV).
Genus, family and group.

A

Genus Alphacoronavirus,
family Coronaviridae
Group 1a

RNA virus
Enveloped virus

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5
Q

Type of virus causing transmissible gastroenteritis. (2)

A

RNA virus
Enveloped virus

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6
Q

Survival of TGEV in the environment.

A

Survives 3 days at room temperature,
6 days in slurry.

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7
Q

Host range and reservoirs for TGEV.

A

Host range: pigs. Affects pigs in all ages.
Most susceptible are newborn piglets.

Temporary biological reservoirs:
cats, dogs, foxes and rodents, birds.

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8
Q

Morbidity of TGEV.

A

Morbidity <100%

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9
Q

Mortality of TGEV.

A

Mortality <100% in pigs 10-14 days of age; lower with increasing age.

Low in post-weaned and adult pigs.

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10
Q

Describe an epidemic of TGE. (4)

A

Occurs when virus is first introduced into a susceptible herd.

Short duration.

No longer clinically evident after herd immunity develops.

Most commonly during winter months.

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11
Q

Describe endemic TGE.

A

Occurs when virus persists in a partially immune herd into which susceptible swine are introduced (endemic disease spreading to naive individuals) OR if the epidemic form of the disease is not well managed.

Common sequel to a primary epidemic in herds of more than 300 sows.

Clinical occurrence about 9 months after the first outbreak.

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12
Q

Transmission of TGEV.

A

Excretion: feces, urine, nasal discharge.

After clinical recovery excretion can go on for months!

Direct contact
Ingestion
Aerosols
Fomites

Route: oral or aerosols

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13
Q

IP of TGE

A

IP: 24-48h (piglets)

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14
Q

Clinical signs of TGE in piglets. (4)

A

Vomiting – yellow, foamy, slimy

Profuse diarrhea – watery, yellow-green, offensive odor

Depression, dehydration

Weakness, emaciation leading to death in 2-5 days

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15
Q

Clinical signs of TGE in older pigs. (3+)

A

Similar signs as piglets: yellow vomit, watery yellow diarrhea etc.

Recovery is much more likely – illness lasting up to 10 days.

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16
Q

Post mortem lesions for TGE. (4)

A

Lesions in intestine and stomach.

Thin and translucent intestinal wall.

Distended with fluid ingesta.

Histopathology: atrophy of villi in the small intestine.

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17
Q

Material for diagnosis of TGE. (4)

A

Feces
Content of intestines

Mucosal scrapings of small intestines
Biopsy – wall of small intestine, mesenteric LNs

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18
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of TGE. (3)

A

Identifying the agent

Histology – small intestines & stomach

Serology (ELISA)

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19
Q

Tx for TGE.

A

Fluid and electrolytes containing glucose are indicated.

If secondary bacterial infections in piglets at age 2-5 weeks use ABs.

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20
Q

Prevention of TGE. (5)

A

Recovered pigs are immune.
Buy new pigs from SPF herds.

Quarantine
All-in-all-out systems

Vaccination of pregnant sows, piglets – not in Estonia or Finland!

21
Q

PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA (PED) – is a contagious disease of pigs, caused by

A

Coronavirus, characterized by gastroenteritis.

22
Q

Causative agent of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).
Genus, family and group.

A

Genus Alphacoronavirus,
family Coronaviridae
Group 1b

23
Q

Describe porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) (2)

A

RNA virus

Less contagious than TGEV

24
Q

Target demo. for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

A

Infects pigs of all ages.

Older pigs have more severe infections tho.

25
Q

Morbidity and mortality of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

A

Morbidity and mortality of PEDV is very variable between herds and age groups.

Mortality <80% (<100%).

26
Q

Transmission of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

A

Excretion: feces

Ingestion, Fomites

Route: fecal-oral

27
Q

IP of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

A

1-4 days (average 3-4 days)

28
Q

Clinical signs of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). (5)

A

Watery diarrhea – can be the only symptom!

Similar to TGE, but spread of infection in the herd is slower.

Vomiting is rare.

Infection starts amongst growing pigs

Adult pigs often asymptomatic

29
Q

Post mortem signs of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

A

similar to TGE

GI lesions
Thin and translucent intestinal wall.

30
Q

Material for diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). (2)

A

Feces

Biopsy of small intestine (with the content of lumen)

31
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). (3)

A

Cell cultures – virus isolation

Serology (ELISA, immunofluorescence) – antibodies

RT-PCR – viral RNA

32
Q

Tx for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

A

no specific Tx

33
Q

Prevention of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

A

Good animal husbandry and hygiene

Vaccination (attenuated vaccine) in some countries – not in Estonia or Finland!

34
Q

Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease is also known as?

A

vomiting and wasting disease (VWD)

35
Q

Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease is a contagious disease of pigs, caused by Coronavirus, characterized by

A

vomiting and wasting in piglets and neurological signs in others.

36
Q

Causative agent of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease.
Genus, family, group.

A

Agent: Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)

Genus Betacoronavirus,
family Coronaviridae

Group 2a

37
Q

Describe viral type of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV).

A

RNA virus
One serotype

Agglutinates erythrocytes of several species – pigs are the only natural host!

38
Q

Target demographic of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease.

A

Infection of adults is usually inapparent

Vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) in piglets <3 (<4) weeks

39
Q

Morbidity & mortality of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease.

A

both high

40
Q

Transmission of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease.

A

Excretion: feces
Aerosols
Route: fecal-oral

41
Q

IP of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease.

A

IP: 4-7 days (VWD)

42
Q

Forms of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease.

A

Two syndromes: encephalitic form and vomiting and wasting disease (VWD).

43
Q

Clinical signs of encephalitic form of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease. (4)

A

Vomiting 4-7 days after birth, continues intermittently for 1-2 days.

Generalized muscle tremors and hyperesthesia after 1-3 days.

Dog-sitting position is unique to this one.

Dyspnea, coma and death after few days

44
Q

Clinical signs of vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) form of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease. (4)

A

Repeated retching and vomiting – vomiting milk after suckling.

Rapid decline of condition: dehydration, cyanosis, coma and death.

Death in 1-6 weeks due to starvation.

Mortality <100% in litter, survivors permanently stunted.

45
Q

Post mortem lesions of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease. (3)

A

Cachexia and abdominal distention

Stomach dilated and filled with gas

Encephalitic signs in 70-100% of pigs with nervous signs, 20-60% with VWD

46
Q

Material for diagnosis of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease. (4)

A

Blood
Brain
Tonsils
Lung

47
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease. (3)

A

Fresh cell cultures for virus isolation from acute stage.

Serology (ELISA) – antibodies

RT-PCR – viral RNA

48
Q

Tx for PHEV, porcine Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus disease.

A

no tx, no vaccine

49
Q

What is the optimal time to vaccinate pregnant sows?

A

2-3 weeks before farrowing

Infectious diseases I & II (33 decks)

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