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Infectious diseases I & II > Inf. diseases II - Ruminant diarrhea & repro. 1/2 > Flashcards

Inf. diseases II - Ruminant diarrhea & repro. 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Winter dysentery is a highly contagious disease of adult cattle, caused by Coronavirus, and characterized by

A

an acute onset of a short course of severe diarrhea and sometimes dysentery.

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2
Q

Causative agent of Winter dysentery.
family
genus
dna type

A

Agent: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV)
Family Coronaviridae
Genus Coronavirus

RNA virus, single-stranded

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3
Q

Survival of BCV in environment.

A

Bovine coronavirus

Survives best at low temperatures and at low UV light intensities

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4
Q

Host range and age demographic of BCV

A

Bovine coronavirus

Affects mainly adults – most severely adult lactating cows that have recently calved

In humans: not

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5
Q

Seasonality of Bovine coronavirus

A

More common during winter months and in Northern climates

Typical outbreak lasts for 1-2 weeks

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6
Q

Morbidity of BCV.

A

Morbidity – high in affected herds

20-50% within few days, close to 100% within a week

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7
Q

Mortality of BCV.

A

Mortality – low: 1-2%

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8
Q

Transmission of BCV

A

Excretion: feces, respiratory excretions

Ingestion
Indirect contact
Fomites

Route: fecal-oral

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9
Q

IP: of BCV

A

IP: 3-7 days

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Winter dysentery

A

Acute onset of fluid diarrhea (Liquid and homogenous feces with little odor, green to black; May contain blood or mucus)

Profound decrease in milk production (25-95% production loss).

Mild colic
Dehydration
Depression
Brief period of anorexia
Some decrease in body condition

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11
Q

Post mortem signs of Winter dysentery

A

Lesions in large intestines:
Cecal and colonic mucosal hyperemia
Linear streaks or pinpoint-sized hemorrhages mostly along the colonic mucosal ridges
Blood in the lumen

Small intestine may be dilated and flaccid

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12
Q

MAterial for diagnosis of BCV. (3)

A

Feces
Blood
Colon, cecum

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13
Q

LAb analyses for BCV. (3)

A

Serology (ELISA)
RT-PCR
Histology

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14
Q

Tx of BCV
control of it?

A

Tx: no specific Tx since the course of dz is short

Fluids, electrolytes

Control dz with Biosecurity, good hygiene

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15
Q

Calf diarrhea caused by bovine corona virus

A

1 day to 3 month-olds
(most often 1-2 week-olds)

Virus is widespread
More common during winter months

Transmission route: alimentary or respiratory
Excretion: feces, respiratory secretions and tears

Source of transmission can be adult cows!

Diarrhea and dehydration
Sometimes respiratory illness (mostly mild)

Prevention: colostrum (antibodies)!
Calves not fed with colostrum right after birth have more severe illness.

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16
Q

Rotavirus causes

A

viral diarrhea in calves, lambs and other animals.

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17
Q

Rotavirus family and dna type.

A

Family Reoviridae
RNA virus

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18
Q

Rotavirus Groups

A

A and B

A is most prevalent and clinically important

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19
Q

Host range of rotavirus
Age demographic?

A

Host range in animals: cattle, buffalo calves, lambs, foals, kids, pet animals

Espesh: Calves 1-3 weeks of age

Groups A to both humans and animals.
Zoonosis!

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20
Q

Morbidity of rotavirus.

A

Morbidity – variable:
5-10% then up to 50-80% (3rd year)

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21
Q

Mortality of rotavirus.

A

Mortality: 5-60%

Depends on colostral immunity etc.

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22
Q

Transmission of rotavirus.

A

Excretion: feces
Direct contact
Route: fecal-oral

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23
Q

Clinical signs of rotavirus.

A

Moderate depression
Dehydration
Often continue to suckle or drink milk

Diarrhea
Feces are voluminous, soft to liquid, often contain large amounts of mucus
Commonly persist 3 or more days

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24
Q

Post mortem signs of rotavirus.

A

No characteristic lesions!

25
Q

Material for diagnosis of rotavirus.

A

Feces
Tissue samples from intestines

26
Q

LAb analyses for diagnosis of rotavirus.

A

Direct immunofluorescence
ELISA

27
Q

Tx of rotavirus.

A

no specific Tx

28
Q

Prevention & control of rotavirus.

A

Biosecurity
Hygiene
Good animal husbandry

29
Q

Adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves is a contagious disease of calves, caused by Adenovirus, and is characterized by

A

catarrhal hemorrhagic enteritis.

30
Q

Causative agent of BAV.
genus
family
dna type

A

bovine adenovirus or adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves

Genus Mastadenovirus,
family Adenoviridae
double-stranded DNA

31
Q

serotypes of bovine adenovirus

A

10 serotypes

Adenoviruses have oncogenic properties

32
Q

Adenovirus survival in environment

A

Survival at room temperature for 1-4 months

33
Q

Host range and age demo. of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves.

A

cattle

4 week to 4 month-olds calves are susceptible and Older calves get subacute or chronic dz.

Recovered calves stay weak, have persistent cough.

In adults: enteritis

34
Q

Morbidity and mortality of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves.

A

On primary introduction spreads quickly within herd. Morbidity not given.

Mortality <60%

35
Q

Transmission of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves.

A

Excretion: nasal discharge, feces

Fomites (contaminated feed, water, bedding)

Route: respiratory or alimentary

36
Q

IP: of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves

A

IP: 4-7 days

37
Q

Clinical signs of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves

A

High fever, Inappetence, lethargy

Conjunctivitis – mucopurulent
Rhinitis
Cough and lacrimation

Some calves have also:
Diarrhea
Tympanites
Colic

38
Q

Post mortem signs of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves.

A

Catarrhal or hemorrhagic inflammation in respiratory tract

Ulcerations and haemorrhage in the intestinal tract

In chronic form: pneumonia

39
Q

MAterial for diagnosis of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves.

A

Nasal discharge
Ocular discharge
LNs
Lungs

40
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves.

A

Virus isolation
Serology (ELISA)
PCR

41
Q

Prevention & control of adenoviral pneumoenteritis of calves.

A

No Tx
No vaccine

Good biosecurity and animal husbandry.

42
Q

Brucellosis is a contagious disease of cattle, caused mostly by Brucella abortus, and is characterized by

A

abortions and stillbirths.

43
Q

Causative agent of Brucellosis in cattle.
gram?

A

Brucella abortus,
but Sometimes also B. melitensis or B. suis.

Gram neg.

44
Q

brucellosis biovars

A

Nine biovars: 1-9

45
Q

Survival of brucellosis.

A

Can remain viable for months in water, aborted fetuses, manure, wool, hay, equipment and clothes.

Need high humidity, low temperatures, no sunlight.

Can withstand drying especially when organic material is present.

Survives very short periods in meat

Exception: in frozen meat survives years

Killed by most commonly available disinfectants.

46
Q

Host range of brucellosis.

A

Host range: ruminants – especially cattle, dogs, horses

Some genetic resistance has been reported

Zoonosis!

47
Q

Morbidity of brucellosis.

A

Abortion rate 30-80% (unexposed & unvaccinated) – abortion storms are common.

Endemic herds: sporadic dz, cows may abort their first pregnancies.

48
Q

Mortality of brucellosis

A

Mortality – deaths are rare amongst adults

49
Q

Transmission of brucellosis

A

Excretion: placenta, fetus, fetal fluids, vaginal discharges, milk, urine, semen, feces and fetal fluids.

Many infected cattle become chronic carriers

Direct contact
In utero transmission
Fomites

Route: by ingestion, mucous membranes, broken skin

50
Q

IP: of brucellosis

A

IP: 2 weeks to five months

Longer when infected early in gestation.

51
Q

Clinical signs of brucellosis in cattle.

A

Abortions (usually during second half of gestation) and stillbirths.

Weak neonates that may die soon

Bulls: epididymitis, seminal vesiculitis, orchitis, testicular abscesses

Infertility
Hygromas

Infections in non-pregnant females usually asymptomatic!

52
Q

Clinical signs of brucellosis in dogs.

A

DOGS:
abortions, epididymitis,
polyarthritis and other symptoms

May also be asymptomatic

53
Q

Clinical signs of brucellosis in horses.

A

HORSES:
Inflammation of bursae:
Supraspinous (fistulous withers)
Supra-atlantal bursa (poll evil)

Abortions rare in horses

54
Q

Post mortem signs of brucellosis.

A

Granulomatous inflammatory lesions in:
Reproductive tract
Udder
LNs
Joints

Abnormal placenta
Enlarged liver
Bulls: swollen scrotum

55
Q

MAterial for diagnosis of brucellosis.

A

Milk sample
Vaginal swabs
Aborted fetuses or placenta
Spleen, LNs, udder, uterus
Semen
Testis, epididymis

56
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of brucellosis.

A

Brucellin allergic skin test – unvaccinated animals.

Culture – to confirm diagnosis
Serology (ELISA)
PCR

57
Q

Tx of brucellosis

A

no tx

58
Q

Prvention and control of brucellosis

A

New animals from seronegative herds

Isolation of new animals for a month then retested.

Selective breeding for disease-resistant genotypes.

59
Q

Eradication of brucellosis

A

Quarantine of infected herds.

Vaccination – not in Estonia!

Test-and-slaughter techniques

In herd: test-and-slaughter or depopulation

Infectious diseases I & II (33 decks)

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