Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (reproduction, varia) 1/2

Question 1

Porcine brucellosis is an infectious disease of pigs, caused by Brucella suis, and characterized by

Answer 1

abortions and weak or stillborn piglets.

Question 2

Causative agent of brucellosis.

Answer 2

bacterium Brucella suis

Gram–, facultatively intracellular

Question 3

Serovars of Brucella suis.

Answer 3

Five serovars

Biovars 1, 2 and 3 maintained in pigs
- 1 and 3, domesticated pigs and wild or feral pigs
- 2 – mainly wild boar (and European hares)
- 1, 3 and 4 – important human pathogens
- 2 is zoonotic, but reported rarely in humans

Question 4

Brucella suis survival in environment.

Answer 4

Killed by most commonly available disinfectants.

Survival in meat: very short unless frozen (then years).

Can remain viable for MONTHS in water, aborted fetuses, manure, wool, hay, equipment and clothes.

Can withstand dessication.

Question 5

Host range of brucellosis.

Answer 5

mainly pigs and humans

but specific biovars affect specific other mammal species. occasionally in cattle, small ruminants, horses, dogs etc.

Question 6

region in which the following brucellosis biovars are found:
Biovar 2
Biovars 1 and 3

Answer 6

Biovar 2 – Europe
Biovars 1 and 3 – worldwide

Question 7

Morbidity of brucellosis.

Answer 7

varies with the length of time of B. suis in herd

Abortion rate in domesticated pigs 0-80%

Question 8

Mortality of brucellosis.

Answer 8

low

Death is rare except in the fetus and newborn.

Question 9

Transmission of brucellosis.

Answer 9

Excretion: all repro. fluids

Direct contact and Fomites
Ingestion of repro. products.

Route: alimentary

Question 10

IP: of brucellosis

Answer 10

IP: very variable, 3-120 days (average 14-21 days)

Signs depend on the site of localization

Question 11

Clinical signs of brucellosis in swine. (5)

Answer 11

repro. failure
abortion
weak or stillborn piglets

In boars: epididymitis, orchitis

Swollen joints and tendon sheaths, lameness and incoordination may occur.

Question 12

Post mortem signs of brucellosis. (4)

Answer 12

Metritis
Orchitis
Osteomyelitis

Abscesses or other purulent lesions in reproductive and non-reproductive organs.

Question 13

Suspect brucellosis when:

Answer 13

reproductive failure in sows, orchitis in boars and lameness, arthritis or paralysis occur at the same time in a herd.

Question 14

Material for diagnosis of brucellosis. (6)

Answer 14

Vaginal swabs
Semen
Blood

Testicles (after castration)
Placenta or aborted/stillborn fetuses
LNs; spleen, liver and reproductive organs

Question 15

Lab analyses for diagnosis of brucellosis. (4)

Answer 15

Serology
Brucellin allergic skin test

Culture – colonies appear after two days of growth
PCR

Question 16

Tx of brucellosis.

Answer 16

no Tx!

Question 17

Prevention & control of brucellosis. (3)

Answer 17

Transmission can be reduced by immediate disposal of birth products, contaminated bedding etc followed by thorough cleaning and disinfection.

in-herd Eradication: depopulation or test and removal methods.

Eradication in general:
Quarantine
Test-and-slaughter
Depopulation

No vaccine available.

Question 18

Describe Brucellosis in humans.

Answer 18

Humans can catch it from swine, dogs, cattle small ruminants.

Fever and nonspecific flu-like symptoms.

Mortality is low (case fatality <5%).

Question 19

Which biovars of brucellosis are human pathogens?

Answer 19

Biovars 1,3 and 4 are human pathogens

Question 20

Porcine parvovirus infection is a contagious disease of swine, caused by Parvovirus, and characterized by

Answer 20

reproductive failure.

Question 21

Causative agent of swine parvovirus infection.
Genus & family.

Answer 21

Genus Parvovirus,
family Parvoviridae

DNA virus

Resistant in the environment

Question 22

Host range of PPV.

Answer 22

swine

Ubiquitous among swine throughout the world.

Question 23

Transmission of PPV.

Answer 23

Excretion: feces, urine, vaginal discharge, sperm, fetal membranes and fluids

Direct contact
Fomites (contaminated feed)

Route: alimentary, respiratory or genital

Question 24

Pathogenesis of PPV.

Answer 24

Pregnant sows/gilts are susceptible in the first half of pregnancy.

• Fetuses die and are reabsorbed or mummified
• If infected later, the virus does not cross placental barrier and thus does not effect fetuses.

From 70th day of pregnancy, fetuses will develop immunoreaction to virus.

Question 25

Clinical signs of PPV. (5)

Answer 25

Reproductive failure Decrease in the number of piglets in litter Stillbirths Mummified fetuses Weak neonates

Question 26

Post mortem signs of PPV. (2)

Answer 26

Non-specific: aborted fetuses and weak stunted piglets

Question 27

Material for diagnosis of PPV. (2)

Answer 27

Blood (from sow) Aborted fetuses

Question 28

Lab analyses for diagnosis of PPV. (2)

Answer 28

Serology Identification of the agent

Question 29

Tx of PPV.

Answer 29

no specific Tx Pigs become immune after recovering from infection.

Question 30

Prevention & control of PPV. (2)

Answer 30

Prevention: buy new animals from only seronegative herds. Vaccination: Commonly in combination with Erysipelas Vaccinating pregnant gilts 4-6 weeks before mating and about 2-3 weeks before mating.

Question 31

Porcine circoviral disease (PCVD) is a contagious disease of swine, caused by Circovirus, and characterized by (2)

Answer 31

post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.

Question 32

Causative agent of Porcine circoviral disease (PCVD). Genus and family.

Answer 32

Genus Circovirus, family Circoviridae DNA virus (single strand)

Question 33

Serotypes of PCVD.

Answer 33

Three serotypes: PCV1 – considered non-pathogenic PCV2- pathogenic PCV3- is super new and unknown.

Question 34

Survival on porcine cirocvirus in the environment. (3)

Answer 34

Resistant to common disinfectants Resistant to inactivation even at a low pH Stable at high temperatures

Question 35

Host range of PCVD.

Answer 35

swine worldwide Clinical disease in 6-16 week-olds. But mostly subclinical disease Secondary bacterial infections are very common.

Question 36

Morbidity of PCVD.

Answer 36

Morbidity 5-30%

Question 37

Mortality of PCVD.

Answer 37

Mortality 70-90% Herds that vaccinate for M. hyopneumoniae have lower mortality (secondary pathogen).

Question 38

Transmission of PCVD.

Answer 38

Excretion: nasal, ocular, and bronchial secretions; saliva, urine and feces; semen Direct contact Fomites Route: alimentary

Question 39

Associated syndromes of PCVD. (2)

Answer 39

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)

Question 40

Clinical signs of Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). (7)

Answer 40

wasting away. Labored breathing (pneumonia) Diarrhea Enlarged lymph nodes Jaundice High mortality Abortion and weak-born pigs

Question 41

Clinical signs of Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). (3)

Answer 41

Skin and kidney lesions Arthritis Prevalence within infected herds is low (<1%)

Question 42

Post mortem lesions of PCVD - Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. (3)

Answer 42

Hemorrhagic and necrotic skin lesions Kidneys are enlarged, pale, and may have pinpoint hemorrhages on the surface.

Question 43

Post mortem lesions of PCVD - Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. (5)

Answer 43

Enlarged LNs White spots on kidney’s cortices Hepatic atrophy and paleness Catarrhal enteritis Mummified or edematous fetuses

Question 44

Material for diagnosis of PCVD. (3)

Answer 44

Blood LNs Kidney

Question 45

Lab analyses for diagnosis of PCVD. (3)

Answer 45

Virus isolation Serology (ELISA) PCR

Question 46

Tx of PCVD.

Answer 46

no specific Tx If secondary bacterial infections: ABs

Question 47

Prevention & control of PCVD. (2)

Answer 47

Good animal husbandry Vaccination (e.g. Circovac)