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Infectious diseases I & II > Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (reproduction, varia) 1/2 > Flashcards

Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (reproduction, varia) 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Porcine brucellosis is an infectious disease of pigs, caused by Brucella suis, and characterized by

A

abortions and weak or stillborn piglets.

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2
Q

Causative agent of brucellosis.

A

bacterium Brucella suis

Gram–, facultatively intracellular

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3
Q

Serovars of Brucella suis.

A

Five serovars

Biovars 1, 2 and 3 maintained in pigs
- 1 and 3, domesticated pigs and wild or feral pigs
- 2 – mainly wild boar (and European hares)
- 1, 3 and 4 – important human pathogens
- 2 is zoonotic, but reported rarely in humans

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4
Q

Brucella suis survival in environment.

A

Killed by most commonly available disinfectants.

Survival in meat: very short unless frozen (then years).

Can remain viable for MONTHS in water, aborted fetuses, manure, wool, hay, equipment and clothes.

Can withstand dessication.

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5
Q

Host range of brucellosis.

A

mainly pigs and humans

but specific biovars affect specific other mammal species. occasionally in cattle, small ruminants, horses, dogs etc.

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6
Q

region in which the following brucellosis biovars are found:
Biovar 2
Biovars 1 and 3

A

Biovar 2 – Europe
Biovars 1 and 3 – worldwide

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7
Q

Morbidity of brucellosis.

A

varies with the length of time of B. suis in herd

Abortion rate in domesticated pigs 0-80%

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8
Q

Mortality of brucellosis.

A

low

Death is rare except in the fetus and newborn.

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9
Q

Transmission of brucellosis.

A

Excretion: all repro. fluids

Direct contact and Fomites
Ingestion of repro. products.

Route: alimentary

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10
Q

IP: of brucellosis

A

IP: very variable, 3-120 days (average 14-21 days)

Signs depend on the site of localization

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11
Q

Clinical signs of brucellosis in swine. (5)

A

repro. failure
abortion
weak or stillborn piglets

In boars: epididymitis, orchitis

Swollen joints and tendon sheaths, lameness and incoordination may occur.

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12
Q

Post mortem signs of brucellosis. (4)

A

Metritis
Orchitis
Osteomyelitis

Abscesses or other purulent lesions in reproductive and non-reproductive organs.

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13
Q

Suspect brucellosis when:

A

reproductive failure in sows, orchitis in boars and lameness, arthritis or paralysis occur at the same time in a herd.

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14
Q

Material for diagnosis of brucellosis. (6)

A

Vaginal swabs
Semen
Blood

Testicles (after castration)
Placenta or aborted/stillborn fetuses
LNs; spleen, liver and reproductive organs

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15
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of brucellosis. (4)

A

Serology
Brucellin allergic skin test

Culture – colonies appear after two days of growth
PCR

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16
Q

Tx of brucellosis.

A

no Tx!

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17
Q

Prevention & control of brucellosis. (3)

A

Transmission can be reduced by immediate disposal of birth products, contaminated bedding etc followed by thorough cleaning and disinfection.

in-herd Eradication: depopulation or test and removal methods.

Eradication in general:
Quarantine
Test-and-slaughter
Depopulation

No vaccine available.

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18
Q

Describe Brucellosis in humans.

A

Humans can catch it from swine, dogs, cattle small ruminants.

Fever and nonspecific flu-like symptoms.

Mortality is low (case fatality <5%).

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19
Q

Which biovars of brucellosis are human pathogens?

A

Biovars 1,3 and 4 are human pathogens

20
Q

Porcine parvovirus infection is a contagious disease of swine, caused by Parvovirus, and characterized by

A

reproductive failure.

21
Q

Causative agent of swine parvovirus infection.
Genus & family.

A

Genus Parvovirus,
family Parvoviridae

DNA virus

Resistant in the environment

22
Q

Host range of PPV.

A

swine

Ubiquitous among swine throughout the world.

23
Q

Transmission of PPV.

A

Excretion: feces, urine, vaginal discharge, sperm, fetal membranes and fluids

Direct contact
Fomites (contaminated feed)

Route: alimentary, respiratory or genital

24
Q

Pathogenesis of PPV.

A

Pregnant sows/gilts are susceptible in the first half of pregnancy.

  • Fetuses die and are reabsorbed or mummified
  • If infected later, the virus does not cross placental barrier and thus does not effect fetuses.

From 70th day of pregnancy, fetuses will develop immunoreaction to virus.

25
Q

Clinical signs of PPV. (5)

A

Reproductive failure
Decrease in the number of piglets in litter
Stillbirths
Mummified fetuses
Weak neonates

26
Q

Post mortem signs of PPV. (2)

A

Non-specific:
aborted fetuses and weak stunted piglets

27
Q

Material for diagnosis of PPV. (2)

A

Blood (from sow)
Aborted fetuses

28
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of PPV. (2)

A

Serology
Identification of the agent

29
Q

Tx of PPV.

A

no specific Tx

Pigs become immune after recovering from infection.

30
Q

Prevention & control of PPV. (2)

A

Prevention: buy new animals from only seronegative herds.

Vaccination:
Commonly in combination with Erysipelas

Vaccinating pregnant gilts 4-6 weeks before mating and about 2-3 weeks before mating.

31
Q

Porcine circoviral disease (PCVD) is a contagious disease of swine, caused by Circovirus, and characterized by (2)

A

post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and

dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.

32
Q

Causative agent of Porcine circoviral disease (PCVD).
Genus and family.

A

Genus Circovirus,
family Circoviridae

DNA virus (single strand)

33
Q

Serotypes of PCVD.

A

Three serotypes:
PCV1 – considered non-pathogenic
PCV2- pathogenic
PCV3- is super new and unknown.

34
Q

Survival on porcine cirocvirus in the environment. (3)

A

Resistant to common disinfectants
Resistant to inactivation even at a low pH
Stable at high temperatures

35
Q

Host range of PCVD.

A

swine worldwide

Clinical disease in 6-16 week-olds.

But mostly subclinical disease
Secondary bacterial infections are very common.

36
Q

Morbidity of PCVD.

A

Morbidity 5-30%

37
Q

Mortality of PCVD.

A

Mortality 70-90%

Herds that vaccinate for M. hyopneumoniae have lower mortality (secondary pathogen).

38
Q

Transmission of PCVD.

A

Excretion: nasal, ocular, and bronchial secretions; saliva, urine and feces; semen

Direct contact
Fomites

Route: alimentary

39
Q

Associated syndromes of PCVD. (2)

A

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)

40
Q

Clinical signs of Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). (7)

A

wasting away.

Labored breathing (pneumonia)
Diarrhea
Enlarged lymph nodes

Jaundice
High mortality
Abortion and weak-born pigs

41
Q

Clinical signs of Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). (3)

A

Skin and kidney lesions
Arthritis

Prevalence within infected herds is low (<1%)

42
Q

Post mortem lesions of PCVD - Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. (3)

A

Hemorrhagic and necrotic skin lesions

Kidneys are enlarged, pale, and may have pinpoint hemorrhages on the surface.

43
Q

Post mortem lesions of PCVD - Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. (5)

A

Enlarged LNs
White spots on kidney’s cortices
Hepatic atrophy and paleness
Catarrhal enteritis
Mummified or edematous fetuses

44
Q

Material for diagnosis of PCVD. (3)

A

Blood
LNs
Kidney

45
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of PCVD. (3)

A

Virus isolation
Serology (ELISA)
PCR

46
Q

Tx of PCVD.

A

no specific Tx

If secondary bacterial infections: ABs

47
Q

Prevention & control of PCVD. (2)

A

Good animal husbandry

Vaccination (e.g. Circovac)

Infectious diseases I & II (33 decks)

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