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Infectious diseases I & II > Lecture 10 - Aujeszky's disease, Japanese encephalitis > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Aujeszky's disease, Japanese encephalitis Flashcards

1
Q

ADV stands for?

and give two alternative names

A

Aujeszky disease virus

Pseudorabies
Mad itch

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2
Q

AUJESZKY’S DISEASE is a contagious disease of

A

pigs,
caused by herpesvirus, characterized by CNS signs and high mortality in young animals, and respiratory illness in older pigs.

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3
Q

AUJESZKY’S DISEASE is a contagious disease of pigs, caused by herpesvirus, characterized by

A

CNS signs and high mortality in young animals,

and respiratory illness in older pigs.

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4
Q

Causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease (ADV).

A

Aujeszly’s disease virus which belongs to:
Genus Varicellovirus,
family Herpesviridae

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5
Q

ADV type of virus?

A

DNA virus

only 1 serotype

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6
Q

Host range of ADV.

A

mammals but clinical cases affect pigs.

Pigs are Natural hosts and the only animals to become latent carriers.

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7
Q

Distribution of ADV.

A

Europe, Southeast Asia,
Central and South America-

Eradicated in some countries (e.g. New Zealand).

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8
Q

Morbidity of ADV.

A

Morbidity <100%

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9
Q

Mortality of ADV.

A

Mortality: increases the younger the piglet.

1-2% grower and finisher pigs
5-10% weaner pigs
50% in nursery pigs
<100% piglets less than one week old

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10
Q

Excretion of ADV.

A

tonsillar epithelium,
milk, urine and vaginal and preputial secretions

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11
Q

Transmission of ADV.

A

Direct transmission
Aerosols
Fomites
In utero

Route: respiratory and oral

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12
Q

IP of ADV.

A

suckling pigs 2-4 days,
weaned and adults 3-6 days

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13
Q

Clinical signs of ADV in piglets less than 1 week old.

A

Fever, listlessness and anorexia then tremors, paddling, seizures or other symptoms of CNS involvement.

“Dog-like” sitting position (due to hindleg paralysis).

May die within hours,
usually in 24-46 hours – high mortality in newborn piglets.

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14
Q

Clinical signs of ADV in weaners.

A

Mainly respiratory illness: fever, anorexia, weight loss, coughing, sneezing, conjunctivitis and dyspnea.

May be complicated by secondary bacterial infections.

Recovery 5-10 days.

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15
Q

Clinical signs of ADV in adult pigs.

A

Infection usually mild or inapparent with respiratory symptoms.

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16
Q

Clinical signs of ADV in cattle & sheep.

A

Almost always fatal within few days

Intense pruritis, CNS signs

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17
Q

Post mortem lesions of ADV.

A

Lesions often subtle or absent.

Serous or fibroneurotic rhinitis.

Pulmonary edema, congestion, consolidation.

LNs – congested and hemorrhagic

Necrotic foci in other organs

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18
Q

Suspect ADV when…?

A

high mortality and CNS signs in young piglets,

and lower mortality and respiratory signs in older animals.

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19
Q

Material for diagnosis of ADV. (3)

A

Nasal swabs

Oropharyngeal fluid, biopsies of the tonsils

Brain and tonsils

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20
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of ADV. (3)

A

Virus isolation

Detection of viral DNA or antigens by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, virus neutralization assays or PCR.

Serology – virus neutralization, latex agglutination, ELISA.

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21
Q

Treatment of ADV.

A

no treatment, viral

22
Q

Prevention & control of ADV.

A

Quarantine & disinfection

Vaccination protects pigs from clinical signs and decrease viral shedding, but does not provide sterile immunity or prevent latent infections.

23
Q

Eradication strategies for ADV. (3)

A

Test and remove
Offspring segregation
Depopulation

24
Q

JEV stands for?

A

Japanese encephalitis virus

25
Q

Give 4 alt. names for JEV.

A

Japanese encephalitis virus alt. names:

Japanese B Encephalitis
Mosquito-born Encephalitis

Brain Fever
Summer Encephalitis

26
Q

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS is a disease caused by

A

a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with reproductive losses in pigs and encephalitis in horses and people.

despite being vector-borne is still contagious!!

27
Q

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS is a disease caused by a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with (2)

A

reproductive losses in pigs and

encephalitis in horses and people.

28
Q

Causative agent of JEV.
And which family/genus?

A

Japanese encephalitis virus belonging to
Genus Flavivirus,
family Flaviviridae

29
Q

JEV viral type?
serotypes?

A

RNA virus
One serotype

30
Q

Stability of JEV. (3)

A

Virus very labile and does not survive well in the environment.

Sensitive to UV

Inactivated in pH 1-3

31
Q

Main host range of JEV. (4)

A

horses (primary affected domestic animals but a dead-end host), donkeys

pigs (amplifiers)

humans (dead-end host)

birds: herons and egrets (reservoirs)

Can also infect: cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, chicken, ducks, wild mammals, reptiles and amphibians but is SUBclinical in these.

32
Q

Distribution of JEV

A

endemic in Asia: Japan, India

has jumped to Australia too

33
Q

Morbidity of JEV in
horses
swine
humans

A

horses < 2%
swine < 100%
humans 5-35%

34
Q

Mortality of JEV in
horses
swine
humans

A

horses 5-40%
swine death is rare
humans 5-35%

35
Q

Excretion of JEV.

A

swine: oronasal secretions (between 2 and 8 days post infection), urine, sperm

dead-end hosts do not transmit of course.

36
Q

Transmission of JEV.

A

By mosquito vectors via bite

But also,
Direct contact – droplets
Indirect contact via insects moving it.
Iatrogenic

Routes:
respiratory (inhalation)
in utero (not common)
cutaneous

37
Q

JEV: Natural infection contributes to long lasting immunity in

A

adult pigs and surviving piglets

38
Q

IP of JEV

A

In horses: 4-14 days, mostly subclinical though.

In pigs: 3-4 days

In humans: 5-15 days

39
Q

3 forms of JEV

A

transitory form
lethargic form
hyperrexcitable form

40
Q

Describe the Transitory form of JEV in horses.

A

Fever (2-4 days), anorexia

Impaired locomotion, congested or jaundiced mucosa

Recovery 2–3 days

41
Q

Describe the lethargic form of JEV in horses.

A

Febrile periods, stupor, bruxism and chewing motions, difficulty in swallowing, incoordination, evidence of neck rigidity, impaired vision, paresis and paralysis.

Petecchiation of mucosa

Recovery within a week

42
Q

Describe the hyperexcitable form of JEV in horses.

A

Pyrexia, profuse sweating and muscle tremors,
aimless wandering, aggression, loss of vision, collapse, coma and death.

43
Q

Clinical signs of JEV in Swine.

A

Mild febrile disease or subclinical disease in non-pregnant females.

Reproductive disease ((50-70%) abortion, stillbirths etc.)

Congenital: tremors, convulsions, death soon after birth.

Suckling piglets and weaners: wasting, depression or hindlimb paralysis may be seen in suckling piglets and weaner pigs.

Boars: infertility and edematous, congested testicles.

44
Q

Clinical signs of JEV in humans.

A

Less than 1% of people develop neurologic illness.

Fever, headache, vomiting.

Mental status changes, neurologic symptoms, weakness, movement disorders, sensitivity to light, neck stiffness.

Seizures are common, especially among children

20% – 30% among patients with encephalitis die

30%-50% of survivors continue to have neurologic, cognitive, or psychiatric symptoms

Abortions

45
Q

Post mortem lesions of JEV in pigs.

A

Subcutaneous edema, and hemorrhages, hydrocephalus, encephalitis, cerebellar hypoplasia

Congestion in the lung, liver, heart, spleen and lymph nodes

Multifocal hepatic and splenic necrosis

46
Q

Post mortem lesions of JEV in horses.

A

Nonspecific lesions of CNS that are usually only microscopic NOT macro:

diffuse non-suppurative encephalomyelitis with apparent perivascular cuffing

phagocytic destruction of nerve cells, perivascular cuffing

focal gliosis

blood vessels appear dilated with numerous mononuclear cells

47
Q

Material for diagnosis of JEV. (4)

A

Brain, spinal cord, tonsils, oral fluid

CSF, Blood

Aborted fetuses, placenta

Thoracic fluid from aborted fetuses up to 70 days of age.

48
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of JEV. (3)

A

Virus isolation

Detection of viral DNA or antigens by RT-PCR, virus neutralization assays, Ag-ELISA.

Serology: hemagglutination inhibition, ELISA.

49
Q

Tx for JEV.

A

none, viral

50
Q

Prevention & control of JEV. (5)

A

Housing animals in-doors

Vector control: removal of stagnant water.

Separate raising of swine near horses.

Quarantine.

Vaccination.

51
Q

Vaccination against JEV.

A

Immunization of swine because they are JE virus amplifiers to reduce amplification, ensure healthy litters and decrease likelihood of aspermia.

Horses, humans:
- Live modified
- Inactivated
- genotype mutation renders some vax nonefficacious

Infectious diseases I & II (33 decks)

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