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A. Theriogenology > Small Ruminant Theriogenology > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Theriogenology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ratio for pasture mating?

A

1:50 for mature rams
1:25 for ram lambs
up to 1:100 if tightly confined and managed

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2
Q

what is the goal of flushing?

A

increase BCS to increase the body’s ability to ovulate/ovulate multiples

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3
Q

what are the options for prostaglandin injections?

A

lutalyse: dinoprost
estrumate: cloprostenol

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4
Q

what needs to happen for prostaglandin injections to work?

A

corpus luteum must be at 5-7 days post ovulation/old

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5
Q

what is the time period from injection of prostaglandin to behavioral heat?

A

24-48 hours

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6
Q

what can cause acyclic or irregular cyclicity?

A

follicular cyst
luteal cyst

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7
Q

how accurate is biopryn blood test ELISA for pregnancy diagnosis?

A

97% accurate

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8
Q

when can you use transrectal ultrasound?

A

pregnancy detection early gestation: days 19-25 and later

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9
Q

who does Campylobacter cause abortions in?

A

sheep
very rare in goats

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10
Q

what causes Campylobacter abortions?

A

C. fetus fetus
C. jejuni jejuni
C. lari

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11
Q

what are the clinical signs of Campylobacter?

A

late term abortions
stillbirths
weak lambs

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12
Q

how can Campylobacter be treated?

A

tetracycline

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13
Q

what does Campylobacter cause in humans?

A

enteritis

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14
Q

who does Chlamydophila affect?

A

sheep
goats

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15
Q

how is Chlamydophila transmitted?

A

venereal

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16
Q

how can you treat Chlamydophila?

A

tetracycline

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17
Q

what is the causative agent of Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

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18
Q

what does Toxoplasmosis cause in people?

A

birth defects

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19
Q

how is cache valley virus transmitted?

A

mosquito

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20
Q

when should you be suspicious of cache valley virus?

A

when there is epizootic of congenital abnormalities affected CNS and musculoskeletal systems in geographic area

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21
Q

what are the causes of vaginal prolapse?

A

genetics
clover: high in estrogen

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22
Q

what are the treatments for vaginal prolapse?

A

prolapse retainer
prolapse harness
induce parturition
C-section

23
Q

who is ringwomb common in?

A

more in ewe than doe

24
Q

does ringwomb usually reoccur?

A

no

25
Q

what are the causes of uterine prolapse?

A

dystocia
hypocalcemia

26
Q

when is the placenta usually passed?

A

within 6 hours after parturition

27
Q

who are retained fetal membranes more common in?

A

sheep than goats

28
Q

what are the indications for a breeding soundness exam?

A

pre-purchase
pre-breeding
post-breeding problem

29
Q

what is the minimum scrotal circumference for a ram more than 14 months old?

A

33cm

30
Q

what is the minimum motility and morphology for rams?

A

motility: 30%
morphology: 70%

31
Q

how is Brucella ovis spread to other rams?

A

ram to ram direct contact

32
Q

how can you use management to increase conception?

A

healthy females and males
environment
flushing

33
Q

what is lutalyse/dinoprost?

A

natural prostaglandin

34
Q

what is estrumate/cloprostenol?

A

synthetic prostaglandin

35
Q

why are two shots, 11 days apart, of prostaglandin better than one?

A

corpus luteum needs to be 5-7 days old/post ovulation to be able to respond to PGF2alpha

36
Q

does controlled internal drug release progesterone work for non-cycling animals?

A

yes, but not as efficient as during breeding season

37
Q

what does a follicular cyst look like clinically?

A

showing signs of heat frequently

38
Q

what does a luteal cyst look like clinically?

A

not showing any signs of heat

39
Q

what can you use to diagnose pregnancy?

A

marking harness/crayon
blood test: biopryn
doppler
real-time ultrasound

40
Q

is ultrasound reliable for estimating fetal number or age?

A

less reliable

41
Q

what do 40% of lambs with Campylobacter have?

A

orange-yellow necrotic foci on liver

42
Q

how many times do ewes abort with Chlamydophila?

A

once, but then still transmit when ovulate

43
Q

what are the cotyledons like with Chlamydophila?

A

necrotic, reddish-brown with thickened brown intercotyledonary areas covered by exudate

44
Q

how is Q fever transmitted?

A

inhalation
ingestion
direct contact birth fluids or placenta

45
Q

what are the clinical signs of Toxoplasmosis?

A

early: resorption or mummification
late: abortions or perinatal death

46
Q

what are the clinical signs of cache valley virus?

A

infertility
abortions
stillbirths
congenital abnormalities
weak-born lambs

47
Q

what are the clinical signs of ringwomb?

A

in labor without progress
1-2 finger cervical dilation

48
Q

what is the cause of ringwomb?

A

unknown
maybe genetics or nutritional deficiency

49
Q

what is the cause of uterine torsion?

A

rolling during late pregnancy

50
Q

how can you treat uterine prolapse?

A

replace
buhner stitch
calcium administration

51
Q

what are the causes of retained fetal membranes?

A

selenium deficiency
infectious abortion
hypocalcemia
dystocia

52
Q

what is the minimal scrotal circumference for a ram more than 14 months old?

A

33 cm

53
Q

what does Brucella ovis cause?

A

rams: epididymitis/orchitis, infertility
ewes: often unaffected, but can abort or have placentitis

A. Theriogenology (15 decks)

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