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Theriogenology > Cow Part 3 > Flashcards

Cow Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what can you give for small dorsal uterine tears?

A

oxytocin

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2
Q

when does the uterus rapidly decrease in size postpartum?

A

days 10-14

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3
Q

what is the last thing to involute postpartum?

A

cervix

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4
Q

what are the therapy options for puerperal (postpartum) metritis?

A

ceftiofur or ampicillin
flunixin IV
supportive therapy: oral or IV fluids

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5
Q

how can you recognize a pyometra?

A

pus filled uterus
persistent corpus luteum
cervix closed

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6
Q

what usually causes pyometra in cows?

A

Trueperella pyogenes

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7
Q

how can you treat pyometra in a cow?

A

prostaglandin

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8
Q

what should you look for if a cow has endometritis?

A

predisposing conditions: vulvar conformation, urine pooling, “windsucking”

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9
Q

how can we prevent uterine infections?

A

cleanliness
population density
nutrition
stress reduction

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10
Q

what are the causes of early embryonic death?

A

gross chromosomal abnormalities
heat stress
failure of maternal recognition of pregnancy

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11
Q

what is the total normal early embryonic death in cows?

A

30%

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12
Q

what has the greatest impact on herd reproductive efficiency?

A

days to first service

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13
Q

what are the advantages of giving prostaglandin when you palpate a corpus luteum to induce estrus?

A

focused window for heat detection
shortens cycle

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14
Q

how is the monday morning prostaglandin-based program performed?

A

all “eligible” cows are injected on a “set” day of the week
cows not observed in heat/bred are injected again in 14 days

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15
Q

what are some progestogen-based programs?

A

progesterone CIDRs
melengestrol acetate

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16
Q

what is given during ovulation synchronization?

A

GnRH
PGF
GnRH

17
Q

what is lactational anestrus in beef cattle?

A

postpartum cyclicity delayed in suckled cows: 40-60 days

18
Q

what is a follicular cyst?

A

follicular structure >2-2.5cm that fails to ovulate
no corpus luteum present

19
Q

who are follicular cysts more common in?

A

dairy cows
postpartum period

20
Q

what are the etiologies of follicular cysts?

A

hereditary?
puerperal stress
increased LH during follicular phase
lack of normal LH surge

21
Q

what are the treatment options for follicular cysts?

A

GnRH or HCG
GnRH followed by prostaglandin
ovsynch protocol
progesterone (CIDR)

22
Q

what can you give to facilitate manual prolapse in a uterine rupture and hemorrhage?

A

epinephrine 10 ml

23
Q

what can be felt in the first 3-5 days after birth in thee uterus?

A

palpable rugae
tone

24
Q

when is there no palpable fluid in postpartum involution?

A

3 weeks

25
Q

does pyometra usually cause systemic signs?

A

rarely

26
Q

what can you do to treat endometritis?

A

recycle with prostaglandin
infuse uterus with antibiotics if stubborn
recycle and postbreeding antibiotic infusion
therapeutic uterine flush

27
Q

how can we use nutrition to prevent uterine infections?

A

use negative dietary cation-anion difference diet in transition: reduces hypocalcemia postpartum
appropriate bunk space

28
Q

what is the fertilization rate?

A

90%

29
Q

what are the limitations of palpate and shoot prostaglandin-based programs?

A

accuracy of corpus luteum diagnosis
variable time to onset of heat
still need good heat detection

30
Q

how is a targeted breeding program performed?

A

set-up shot 14 days prior to VWP
repeat every 14 days until inseminated
should result in highest % of cows in heat close to VWP

31
Q

how can you use melengestrol acetate to induce estrus?

A

feed for 14 days, estrus >48 hours after withdrawal
wait until next estrus to breed: reduced fertility at first

32
Q

how long after giving GnRH do you give prostaglandin in ov synch?

A

7 days

33
Q

what is lactational anestrus influenced by

A

nutritional status

34
Q

what is the occurrence of follicular cysts?

A

6-30%
more common in dairy cows
most often postpartum period

35
Q

how does it work to treat follicular cysts?

A

expose hypothalamus to progesterone resets system: suppresses luteinizing hormone surges
can then respond to estradiol from subsequent dominant follicle resulting in luteinizing hormone surge

36
Q

what can cause deficient breeding with natural service?

A

unable to serve
infertile bull

37
Q

what are the specific infectious causes of infertility?

A

Campylobacteriosis
Trichomoniasis
Brucellosis
infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
BVD, Leptospirosis

Theriogenology (15 decks)

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