Cow Part 3 Flashcards
what can you give for small dorsal uterine tears?
oxytocin
when does the uterus rapidly decrease in size postpartum?
days 10-14
what is the last thing to involute postpartum?
cervix
what are the therapy options for puerperal (postpartum) metritis?
ceftiofur or ampicillin
flunixin IV
supportive therapy: oral or IV fluids
how can you recognize a pyometra?
pus filled uterus
persistent corpus luteum
cervix closed
what usually causes pyometra in cows?
Trueperella pyogenes
how can you treat pyometra in a cow?
prostaglandin
what should you look for if a cow has endometritis?
predisposing conditions: vulvar conformation, urine pooling, “windsucking”
how can we prevent uterine infections?
cleanliness
population density
nutrition
stress reduction
what are the causes of early embryonic death?
gross chromosomal abnormalities
heat stress
failure of maternal recognition of pregnancy
what is the total normal early embryonic death in cows?
30%
what has the greatest impact on herd reproductive efficiency?
days to first service
what are the advantages of giving prostaglandin when you palpate a corpus luteum to induce estrus?
focused window for heat detection
shortens cycle
how is the monday morning prostaglandin-based program performed?
all “eligible” cows are injected on a “set” day of the week
cows not observed in heat/bred are injected again in 14 days
what are some progestogen-based programs?
progesterone CIDRs
melengestrol acetate
what is given during ovulation synchronization?
GnRH
PGF
GnRH
what is lactational anestrus in beef cattle?
postpartum cyclicity delayed in suckled cows: 40-60 days
what is a follicular cyst?
follicular structure >2-2.5cm that fails to ovulate
no corpus luteum present
who are follicular cysts more common in?
dairy cows
postpartum period
what are the etiologies of follicular cysts?
hereditary?
puerperal stress
increased LH during follicular phase
lack of normal LH surge
what are the treatment options for follicular cysts?
GnRH or HCG
GnRH followed by prostaglandin
ovsynch protocol
progesterone (CIDR)
what can you give to facilitate manual prolapse in a uterine rupture and hemorrhage?
epinephrine 10 ml
what can be felt in the first 3-5 days after birth in thee uterus?
palpable rugae
tone
when is there no palpable fluid in postpartum involution?
3 weeks
does pyometra usually cause systemic signs?
rarely
what can you do to treat endometritis?
recycle with prostaglandin
infuse uterus with antibiotics if stubborn
recycle and postbreeding antibiotic infusion
therapeutic uterine flush
how can we use nutrition to prevent uterine infections?
use negative dietary cation-anion difference diet in transition: reduces hypocalcemia postpartum
appropriate bunk space
what is the fertilization rate?
90%
what are the limitations of palpate and shoot prostaglandin-based programs?
accuracy of corpus luteum diagnosis
variable time to onset of heat
still need good heat detection
how is a targeted breeding program performed?
set-up shot 14 days prior to VWP
repeat every 14 days until inseminated
should result in highest % of cows in heat close to VWP
how can you use melengestrol acetate to induce estrus?
feed for 14 days, estrus >48 hours after withdrawal
wait until next estrus to breed: reduced fertility at first
how long after giving GnRH do you give prostaglandin in ov synch?
7 days
what is lactational anestrus influenced by
nutritional status
what is the occurrence of follicular cysts?
6-30%
more common in dairy cows
most often postpartum period
how does it work to treat follicular cysts?
expose hypothalamus to progesterone resets system: suppresses luteinizing hormone surges
can then respond to estradiol from subsequent dominant follicle resulting in luteinizing hormone surge
what can cause deficient breeding with natural service?
unable to serve
infertile bull
what are the specific infectious causes of infertility?
Campylobacteriosis
Trichomoniasis
Brucellosis
infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
BVD, Leptospirosis
