Cow Part 1

Question 1

what is the aim of transrectal palpation?

Answer 1

retract the uterus and palpate the entire elngth of both horns, the ovaries, oviduct, and bursa

Question 2

what can ultrasonography be used for?

Answer 2

early pregnancy diagnosis
sexing fetus
ovarian scans

Question 3

what are the four palpable characteristics of a corpus luteum?

Answer 3

size
irregular shape
waist
crown

Question 4

what is blood progesterone for a functional corpus luteum?

Answer 4

> 1ng/ml

Question 5

what are the four positive signs of pregnancy in transrectal palpation?

Answer 5

fetal membrane slip
amniotic vesicle
placentomes
fetus

Question 6

is an enlarged/asymmetric fluid-filled horn diagnostic of pregnancy?

Answer 6

not on own

Question 7

when can you feel the fetal membrane slip?

Answer 7

> day 30-35

Question 8

when can you “bump a calf”?

Answer 8

> 5months

Question 9

when can you diagnose a cow as “open”?

Answer 9

after day 28

Question 10

what produces pregnancy-associated glycoproteins?

Answer 10

placental trophoblasts

Question 11

when does the embryo become visible?

Answer 11

32 days

Question 12

are pregnancy-associated glycoproteins reliable for fetus viability?

Answer 12

no- long half life

Question 13

what is the goal for days from calving to pregnancy?

Answer 13

100-135 days

Question 14

what is the goal for pregnancy rate?

Answer 14

> 25%

Question 15

what is the pregnancy rate?

Answer 15

proportion of open cows becoming pregnant over time: 21 day periods

Question 16

what is the ideal goal of conception rate?

Answer 16

50%

Question 17

what is the conception rate for most modern dairies?

Answer 17

35-40%

Question 18

what is the etiology of vaginal prolapse?

Answer 18

incompetence of vagino-vestibular sphincter

Question 19

does vaginal prolapse have a relationship with prolapse of the uterus?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what does the retention method of vaginal prolapse depend on?

Answer 20

pregnancy status
ability of client to manage
short term vs long term

Question 21

what is the buhner stitch?

Answer 21

deep perivaginal suture

Question 22

what are the retention options for vaginal prolapse?

Answer 22

bootlace suture
buhner stitch
minchev technique
cervicopexy

Question 23

will vaginal prolapse recur during subsequent pregnancies?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

what can you use to retract the uterus?

Answer 24

cervix
broad ligament
ventral intercornual ligament

Question 25

what can you see to indicate whether a cow is in estrus?

Answer 25

rubbed tail head vulvar discharge

Question 26

how accurate is diagnosis of a functional corpus luteum by palpation?

Answer 26

70%

Question 27

what are the supportive signs of pregnancy in transrectal palpation?

Answer 27

enlarged/asymmetric fluid-filled horn fremitus in middle uterine artery

Question 28

how large are placentomes at 75-80 days?

Answer 28

1cm or less

Question 29

what can you use to estimate age?

Answer 29

amniotic vesicle size placentome size middle uterine artery fremitus/size fetus

Question 30

when can you diagnose a cow as open with ultrasound?

Answer 30

day 28

Question 31

when are pregnancy-associated glycoproteins detectable in blood?

Answer 31

day 24 to several weeks postpartum

Question 32

are pregnancy-associated glycoproteins specific to pregnancy?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

how can you test for pregnancy-associated glycoproteins?

Answer 33

biopryn DG29 idexx bovine pregnancy test blood or milk

Question 34

what is pregnancy rate for?

Answer 34

measuring current reproductive performance

Question 35

how is conception rate calculated?

Answer 35

1/services per conception

Question 36

what can lead to incompetence of vagino-vestibular sphincter?

Answer 36

hereditary predisposition previous calving trauma estrogenic

Question 37

what is 4 degree vaginal prolapse?

Answer 37

long duration with deep necrosis

Question 38

what is the gold standard for vaginal prolapse retention?

Answer 38

cervicopexy

Question 39

what does a buhner stitch stimulate?

Answer 39

vaginovestibular sphincter