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Theriogenology > Cow Part 1 > Flashcards

Cow Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the aim of transrectal palpation?

A

retract the uterus and palpate the entire elngth of both horns, the ovaries, oviduct, and bursa

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2
Q

what can ultrasonography be used for?

A

early pregnancy diagnosis
sexing fetus
ovarian scans

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3
Q

what are the four palpable characteristics of a corpus luteum?

A

size
irregular shape
waist
crown

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4
Q

what is blood progesterone for a functional corpus luteum?

A

> 1ng/ml

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5
Q

what are the four positive signs of pregnancy in transrectal palpation?

A

fetal membrane slip
amniotic vesicle
placentomes
fetus

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6
Q

is an enlarged/asymmetric fluid-filled horn diagnostic of pregnancy?

A

not on own

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7
Q

when can you feel the fetal membrane slip?

A

> day 30-35

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8
Q

when can you “bump a calf”?

A

> 5months

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9
Q

when can you diagnose a cow as “open”?

A

after day 28

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10
Q

what produces pregnancy-associated glycoproteins?

A

placental trophoblasts

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11
Q

when does the embryo become visible?

A

32 days

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12
Q

are pregnancy-associated glycoproteins reliable for fetus viability?

A

no- long half life

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13
Q

what is the goal for days from calving to pregnancy?

A

100-135 days

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14
Q

what is the goal for pregnancy rate?

A

> 25%

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15
Q

what is the pregnancy rate?

A

proportion of open cows becoming pregnant over time: 21 day periods

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16
Q

what is the ideal goal of conception rate?

A

50%

17
Q

what is the conception rate for most modern dairies?

A

35-40%

18
Q

what is the etiology of vaginal prolapse?

A

incompetence of vagino-vestibular sphincter

19
Q

does vaginal prolapse have a relationship with prolapse of the uterus?

A

no

20
Q

what does the retention method of vaginal prolapse depend on?

A

pregnancy status
ability of client to manage
short term vs long term

21
Q

what is the buhner stitch?

A

deep perivaginal suture

22
Q

what are the retention options for vaginal prolapse?

A

bootlace suture
buhner stitch
minchev technique
cervicopexy

23
Q

will vaginal prolapse recur during subsequent pregnancies?

A

yes

24
Q

what can you use to retract the uterus?

A

cervix
broad ligament
ventral intercornual ligament

25
Q

what can you see to indicate whether a cow is in estrus?

A

rubbed tail head
vulvar discharge

26
Q

how accurate is diagnosis of a functional corpus luteum by palpation?

A

70%

27
Q

what are the supportive signs of pregnancy in transrectal palpation?

A

enlarged/asymmetric fluid-filled horn
fremitus in middle uterine artery

28
Q

how large are placentomes at 75-80 days?

A

1cm or less

29
Q

what can you use to estimate age?

A

amniotic vesicle size
placentome size
middle uterine artery fremitus/size
fetus

30
Q

when can you diagnose a cow as open with ultrasound?

A

day 28

31
Q

when are pregnancy-associated glycoproteins detectable in blood?

A

day 24 to several weeks postpartum

32
Q

are pregnancy-associated glycoproteins specific to pregnancy?

A

yes

33
Q

how can you test for pregnancy-associated glycoproteins?

A

biopryn
DG29
idexx bovine pregnancy test
blood or milk

34
Q

what is pregnancy rate for?

A

measuring current reproductive performance

35
Q

how is conception rate calculated?

A

1/services per conception

36
Q

what can lead to incompetence of vagino-vestibular sphincter?

A

hereditary predisposition
previous calving trauma
estrogenic

37
Q

what is 4 degree vaginal prolapse?

A

long duration with deep necrosis

38
Q

what is the gold standard for vaginal prolapse retention?

A

cervicopexy

39
Q

what does a buhner stitch stimulate?

A

vaginovestibular sphincter

Theriogenology (15 decks)

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