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A. Theriogenology > Bull > Flashcards

Bull Flashcards

1
Q

what are the parts of the breeding soundness exam?

A

general physical exam
reproductive exam
collection and examination of semen

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2
Q

do we use a breeding soundness exam to rank bulls for fertility?

A

no
bar for bull to meet to be satisfactory potential breeder

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3
Q

what important things are not part of a standard breeding soundness exam?

A

libido
mating ability
venereal disease

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4
Q

what do you examine for the reproductive tract in a bull?

A

scrotal circumference
external genitalia
internal genitalia

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5
Q

what accessory sex glands do bulls have?

A

ampulla
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral gland

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6
Q

where is there usually swelling due to broken penis?

A

underline

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7
Q

what do you look at for the scrotum and testes?

A

mobility in scrotum
resiliency- turgidity
symmetry
size
epididymides
skin lesions

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8
Q

what does scrotal circumference correlate with?

A

sperm production

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9
Q

what are some scrotal skin lesions?

A

scrotal dermatitis
scrotal frostbite

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10
Q

what is the minimum recommended scrotal circumference for bulls more than 24 months?

A

34 cm

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11
Q

what should you do on rectal exam if you are going to collect semen via electroejaculation?

A

palpate and massage glands

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12
Q

how can you assess the quality of the semen?

A

gross appearance
motility
morphology

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13
Q

is semen collected by electroejaculation evaluated for volume or concentration?

A

no

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14
Q

what is the normal color of semen?

A

milky white

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15
Q

what is wave motion influenced by?

A

sperm concentration
velocity
% progressively motile

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16
Q

is gross motility used to rate motility?

A

not anymore

17
Q

what is the minimum threshold for individual motility?

A

30%

18
Q

how many sperm cells should you count for sperm morphology?

A

at least 100 sperm cells

19
Q

what is the minimum threshold for morphology?

A

70% normal spermatozoa

20
Q

how are defects grouped?

A

where it affects: head, midpiece, or tail

21
Q

how are sperm abnormalities classified?

A

compensable defects
noncompensable defects

22
Q

what must a satisfactory potential breeder meet or exceed the minimum thresholds for?

A

scrotal circumference
sperm motility
sperm morphology

23
Q

what makes a bull an unsatisfactory potential breeder?

A

below one or more thresholds or
has genetic faults or physical problems and is unlikely to every improve status

24
Q

what are the big venereal diseases?

A

trichomoniasis
campylobacteriosis

25
Q

what is the etiology of trichomoniasis?

A

Trichomonas foetus

26
Q

what are the signs of trichomoniasis in bulls?

A

asymptomatic- no lesions

27
Q

which bulls are more prone to infection with trichomoniasis?

A

more than 4 years old

28
Q

what should you confirm positive culture of trichomoniasis with?

A

PCR

29
Q

how can trichomoniasis be treated?

A

no approved effective treatment
cull infected bull and replace with known clean bull
cows may clear organism after 3 normal cycles

30
Q

what is the vaccine for trichomoniasis?

A

trich guard vaccine
only effective in females

31
Q

what causes campylobacteriosis?

A

Campylobacter fetus venerealis

32
Q

what is the treatment for campylobacteriosis?

A

local antibiotic therapy
vaccination will cure a large percentage of bulls

33
Q

what percentage of bulls may have unacceptable libido?

A

10-20%

34
Q

how should young bulls be grouped?

A

together- social dominance

35
Q

what does the bull to female ratio depend on?

A

age of bulls
length of breeding season
pasture/range conditions
estrus synchronization programs

A. Theriogenology (7 decks)

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