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Theriogenology > Small Animal- Neonatal and Pediatric Care > Flashcards

Small Animal- Neonatal and Pediatric Care Flashcards

1
Q

what ages are pediatric?

A

up to 12 weeks

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2
Q

what is normal heart rate at birth for puppies?

A

> 200 bpm

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3
Q

what increases respiration after birth?

A

physical stimulation

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4
Q

what is USG prior to 8 weeks of age?

A

1.006-1.017

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5
Q

what is meconium?

A

first stool
combination of amniotic fluid, mucous, bile, epithelial cells

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6
Q

when can ileus occur in pediatrics?

A

when temperature is <96 degrees F

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7
Q

when is the liver fully mature in pediatrics?

A

by 10 weeks

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8
Q

when do pediatrics stand?

A

3 weeks

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9
Q

when do eyelids open?

A

by 10-16 days

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10
Q

what should you do for healthy whelped puppies?

A

remove fetal membranes
clamp and ligate umbilicus
dry puppy, mild stimulation

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11
Q

what should you check in a neonatal physical exam?

A

lack of cleft palate
normal umbilicus
patent urethra and anus
pink and moist mucous membranes
suckle reflex present
squirming/rooting and vocalizations are normal

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12
Q

why is thermoregulation important for pediatrics?

A

high surface area:body mass ratio
no body fat
unable to shiver or vasoconstrict immediately

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13
Q

what does hypothermia induce?

A

ileus

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14
Q

what is normal blood glucose at birth?

A

> 50 mg/dl
2.9 mmol/L

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15
Q

what are the signs of hypoglycemia?

A

failure to suckle
lethargy or depression, mental dullness
agitation or vocalizations rarely
tremors or seizures

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16
Q

what is best to evaluate hydration with in pediatrics?

A

mucosa
urine color
skin tenting not reliable

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17
Q

when do neonates double in birth weight/

A

by days 11-12

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18
Q

what usually causes neonatal conjunctivitis?

A

staph or strep spp

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19
Q

what is onset of signs like with canine herpesvirus?

A

sudden onset at 1-2 weeks of age

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20
Q

what does necropsy of canine herpesvirus show?

A

hemorrhagic lesions/petechiae on lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen
white focal lesions on (underdeveloped) placenta

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21
Q

what is a neonate?

A

0-2 weeks

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22
Q

what is a puppy?

A

3-9 months

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23
Q

what is a juvenile?

A

3-6 months

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24
Q

what is the blood pressure like of pediatrics/puppies?

A

hypotensive
birth: 54/30
4 weeks: 70/45

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25
Q

cardiac flow through _______________ until birth

A

ductus arteriosus

26
Q

what stimulates surfactant?

A

increased fetal cortisol
stress of birth

27
Q

when do testicles descend in dogs?

A

4-6 weeks

28
Q

what is the GI tract like at birth?

A

sterile: rabidly colonized by maternal flora

29
Q

what is the liver like in dogs?

A

immature at birth
rapidly develops first 4 weeks
mature by 10 weeks

30
Q

what is the musculoskeletal development like of pediatrics?

A

change from flexor to extensor dominance at 5 days
stand at 3 weeks
walk at 4 weeks
run at 6 weeks

31
Q

when is sight evident?

A

by 3 weeks

32
Q

when do dog eyelids open (ankyloblepharon)?

A

10-16 days

33
Q

when do ear canals open?

A

12-14 days
ears fully developed by 5 weeks

34
Q

what is total protein like in young dogs?

A

decreased until 6 weeks
low albumin due to immature liver function

35
Q

when are neonatal mortality rates greatest?

A

first week of life

36
Q

what is reflex bradycardia in newborns?

A

normal protective mechanism
do not use atropine
epinephrine can be used in emergencies

37
Q

what drugs can be given to the dam after a C section?

A

tramadol or single dose of NSAIDs
oxytocin SQ to stimulate uterine involution

38
Q

what is normal temperature of a 1 week old?

A

96-98

39
Q

what is normal temperature of a 3 week old?

A

99-100.5

40
Q

why is overheating a problem in neonates?

A

dehydration

41
Q

when are antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA) absorbed from colostrum?

A

first 24 hours

42
Q

what is in colostrum?

A

antibodies: IgG>IgM, IgA
proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, no carbs

43
Q

why do pediatrics have high metabolic rates?

A

large brain:body mass ratio
minimal glycogen stores
limited glycogenic precursors
renal glucose loss

44
Q

what is normal blood glucose at one month of age?

A

> 100mg/dl

45
Q

what are some causes of hypoglycemia?

A

agalactia
trauma
sepsis
parasitism
diarrhea

46
Q

what deficiency should you watch for in a queen postpartum?

A

taurine

47
Q

when should you aim to finish weaning?

A

by 8 weeks

48
Q

what are the energy requirements from 5-8 weeks?

A

200-220kcal metabolizable energy per kg body weight

49
Q

how much weight should puppies and kittens gain a day?

A

5-10%
lose 10% in first 1-2 days

50
Q

what are the causes of sepsiss?

A

failure of passive transfer
umbilical infection- oomphalitis
pneumonia
gastrointestinal

51
Q

what are the core vaccines?

A

DAPP
rabies

52
Q

what is anasarca?

A

water baby: congenital, comes with other issues

53
Q

who is swimmer syndrome seen in?

A

dogs with underdeveloped appendicular skeletons and short legs

54
Q

what can immaturity/runting be associated with?

A

inherited or acquired congenital defects

55
Q

what causes toxic milk syndrome?

A

occult mastitis: Staph, E. coli, Proteus, Strep, Klebsiella

56
Q

how are litters exposed to canine herpesvirus?

A

transplacental or transvaginal

57
Q

can you administer dewormers during pregnancy?

A

yes- some

58
Q

how prevalent are intestinal parasites?

A

25%

59
Q

how early can roundworm/hookworm treatments be started?

A

2 weeks of age
repeat every 2-3 weeks
tapeworms, fleas, heartworm at 8-10 weeks

60
Q

how can you treat coccidial diarrhea?

A

supportive care
sulfadimethoxine/albon

Theriogenology (15 decks)

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