Small Animal- Queen

Question 1

when does diestrus occur in the queen?

Answer 1

after (induced) ovulation

Question 2

how long is gestation?

Answer 2

63-65 days

Question 3

how can uterine inertia without obstruction be addressed?

Answer 3

0.5-2 units oxytocin subcutaneous

Question 4

what is mammary hyperplasia?

Answer 4

fibroadenomatous enlargement of mammary glands
secondary to effects progesterone
not cancerous

Question 5

what type of mammary neoplasia is usually seen in cats?

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma

Question 6

how can you diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome?

Answer 6

measure estradiol levels
GnRH administration then check for elevated progesterone levels
ultrasound

Question 7

what type of estrous cycle do cats have?

Answer 7

seasonally polyestrous

Question 8

when does puberty occur?

Answer 8

5-9 months of age, depending on season when born

Question 9

are long haired or short haired breeds more sensitive to photoperiods for estrous?

Answer 9

long haired breeds

Question 10

are there external genitalia changes visible in cats in estrus?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

how long is proestrus?

Answer 11

1-2 days
not usually noticed

Question 12

how long is estrus?

Answer 12

3-16 days
average 7 days

Question 13

which parts of the estrous cycle have increasing estrogen levels?

Answer 13

proestrus and estrus

Question 14

what is interestrus?

Answer 14

period between estrous cycles
lasts 8-9 days
after no ovulation

Question 15

what leads to ovulation?

Answer 15

vaginal and cervical stimulation cause an LH surge within 10 minutes and peaks at 60 minutes

Question 16

what is the LH surge dependent on?

Answer 16

day of estrus
number of matings
frequency of matings

Question 17

when does ovulation occur?

Answer 17

24-72 hours post coitus

Question 18

is there a preovulatory rise of progesterone?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

what happens in diestrus?

Answer 19

CL is formed and secretes progesterone
if not pregnant, shortened luteal phase
also called pseudopregnancy

Question 20

what is anestrus?

Answer 20

seasonal period with no cyclicity/ovarian activity
short light days

Question 21

how old should queens be before their first litter?

Answer 21

at least a year
fertility declines by 4-5 years

Question 22

when should you place a queen with a tom to breed?

Answer 22

day 2 or 3 of estrus
allow multiple breedings over at least 2 days

Question 23

how can you induce ovulation in a queen?

Answer 23

chemical induction: GnRH or hCG
vasectomized male

Question 24

what level of progesterone indicates a queen has ovulated?

Answer 24

> 1-2 ng/ml
5-7 days post mating

Question 25

what can cause a failure to conceive or pregnancy loss?

Answer 25

uterine disease or malformation
cystic endometrial hyperplasia
endometritis or pyometra
bacterial
viral
toxoplasma

Question 26

what is gestation influenced by?

Answer 26

breed
litter size

Question 27

how can you diagnose pregnancy?

Answer 27

palpation
ultrasound
radiographs

Question 28

what maintains pregnancy in the queen?

Answer 28

corpus luteum: progesterone

Question 29

what type of placenta do queens have?

Answer 29

zonary
endotheliochorial

Question 30

what induces parturition?

Answer 30

increase in fetal cortisol: decreases placental progesterone and increases estrogen
high estrogen levels cause release of prostaglandins: parturition

Question 31

do queens have control over timing of parturition?

Answer 31

yes- some
quiet and secluded area is important

Question 32

how long does stage I of labor last?

Answer 32

2-12 hours

Question 33

how long can lochia occur in queens?

Answer 33

3 weeks
may not be visible if queen cleans a lot

Question 34

what reproductive diseases occur in queens?

Answer 34

uterine prolapse
retained placentas
metritis
mastitis
pyometra
mismating

Question 35

what are the clinical signs of mammary hyperplasia?

Answer 35

one or more hard mammary glands

Question 36

with what does mammary hyperplasia resolve?

Answer 36

OHE

Question 37

how common is mammary neoplasia?

Answer 37

third most common cancer

Question 38

how can you prevent mammary neoplasia?

Answer 38

spay <6 months or <1 year
still possible, but 90% reduction in risk

Question 39

is high or low LH in a queen indicative of her being intact?

Answer 39

low: negative feedback from ovary

Question 40

is high or low AMH seen in a spayed cat?

Answer 40

low