Small Animal- Queen Flashcards
when does diestrus occur in the queen?
after (induced) ovulation
how long is gestation?
63-65 days
how can uterine inertia without obstruction be addressed?
0.5-2 units oxytocin subcutaneous
what is mammary hyperplasia?
fibroadenomatous enlargement of mammary glands
secondary to effects progesterone
not cancerous
what type of mammary neoplasia is usually seen in cats?
adenocarcinoma
how can you diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome?
measure estradiol levels
GnRH administration then check for elevated progesterone levels
ultrasound
what type of estrous cycle do cats have?
seasonally polyestrous
when does puberty occur?
5-9 months of age, depending on season when born
are long haired or short haired breeds more sensitive to photoperiods for estrous?
long haired breeds
are there external genitalia changes visible in cats in estrus?
no
how long is proestrus?
1-2 days
not usually noticed
how long is estrus?
3-16 days
average 7 days
which parts of the estrous cycle have increasing estrogen levels?
proestrus and estrus
what is interestrus?
period between estrous cycles
lasts 8-9 days
after no ovulation
what leads to ovulation?
vaginal and cervical stimulation cause an LH surge within 10 minutes and peaks at 60 minutes
what is the LH surge dependent on?
day of estrus
number of matings
frequency of matings
when does ovulation occur?
24-72 hours post coitus
is there a preovulatory rise of progesterone?
no
what happens in diestrus?
CL is formed and secretes progesterone
if not pregnant, shortened luteal phase
also called pseudopregnancy
what is anestrus?
seasonal period with no cyclicity/ovarian activity
short light days
how old should queens be before their first litter?
at least a year
fertility declines by 4-5 years
when should you place a queen with a tom to breed?
day 2 or 3 of estrus
allow multiple breedings over at least 2 days
how can you induce ovulation in a queen?
chemical induction: GnRH or hCG
vasectomized male
what level of progesterone indicates a queen has ovulated?
> 1-2 ng/ml
5-7 days post mating
what can cause a failure to conceive or pregnancy loss?
uterine disease or malformation
cystic endometrial hyperplasia
endometritis or pyometra
bacterial
viral
toxoplasma
what is gestation influenced by?
breed
litter size
how can you diagnose pregnancy?
palpation
ultrasound
radiographs
what maintains pregnancy in the queen?
corpus luteum: progesterone
what type of placenta do queens have?
zonary
endotheliochorial
what induces parturition?
increase in fetal cortisol: decreases placental progesterone and increases estrogen
high estrogen levels cause release of prostaglandins: parturition
do queens have control over timing of parturition?
yes- some
quiet and secluded area is important
how long does stage I of labor last?
2-12 hours
how long can lochia occur in queens?
3 weeks
may not be visible if queen cleans a lot
what reproductive diseases occur in queens?
uterine prolapse
retained placentas
metritis
mastitis
pyometra
mismating
what are the clinical signs of mammary hyperplasia?
one or more hard mammary glands
with what does mammary hyperplasia resolve?
OHE
how common is mammary neoplasia?
third most common cancer
how can you prevent mammary neoplasia?
spay <6 months or <1 year
still possible, but 90% reduction in risk
is high or low LH in a queen indicative of her being intact?
low: negative feedback from ovary
is high or low AMH seen in a spayed cat?
low
