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Gross Anatomy III > Small & Large Intestines > Flashcards

Small & Large Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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2
Q

What are the regions of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

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3
Q

Blood supply of the foregut

A

Celiac trunk

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4
Q

Blood supply of the midgut

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

Blood supply of the hindgut

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Midgut

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7
Q

What organs are in the midgut?

A

Jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon

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8
Q

Where will the superior mesenteric artery arise from?

A

Abdominal aorta at level of L1

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9
Q

Name seven branches of the superior mesenteric artery

A
  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • Middle colic artery
  • Right colic artery
  • Ileocolic artery
  • Appendicular artery
  • Jejunal arteries
  • Ileal arteries
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10
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Transverse colon

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11
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

Ascending colon

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12
Q

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

Cecum

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13
Q

Blood supply of transverse colon

A

Middle colic artery

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14
Q

Blood supply of ascending colon

A

Right colic artery

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15
Q

Blood supply of cecum

A

Ileocolic artery

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16
Q

Veins of the abdomen mirror arteries and drain into…

A

superior or inferior mesenteric veins

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17
Q

Superior mesenteric vessels have 15-18 branches for…

A

jejunum and ileum

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18
Q

Superior mesenteric vessels unite to form loops called ___ that give rise to ___

A

loops called arterial arcades that give rise to vasa recta

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19
Q

What vessel drains jejunum and ileum?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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20
Q

The superior mesenteric vein unites with ___ to form ___

A

unites with splenic vein to form portal vein

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21
Q

Superior mesenteric vessels are surrounded by…

A

superior mesenteric plexus

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22
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of superior mesenteric vessels?

A

Sympathetic: T8-T10 (greater and lesser splanchnic nerves)
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve

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23
Q

Intestines are held in place in relation to organs and abdominal walls by…

A

principle mesentery

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24
Q

Where is the root of the mesentery?

A

Duodenal junction/flexure (left side of L2) to ileocolic junction (right side of SI joint)

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25
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Specialized lymphatic vessels in intestinal villi of the jejunum and ileum that absorb fat

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26
Q

Mesenteric lymph nodes drain to…

A

superior mesenteric lymph nodes

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27
Q

Where will lacteals drain through?

A

Juxta-intestinal, mesenteric, and superior central lymph nodes in principle mesentery

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28
Q

Terminal ileal lymph branches drain to…

A

ileocolic nodes along ileocolic artery

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29
Q

Where in the small intestine are Peyer patches found?

A

Ileum lymphoid tissue nodules

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30
Q

T8-10 sympathetic fibers innervate…

A

small intestines via superior mesenteric plexus

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31
Q

Greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation to…

A

small intestines

32
Q

Where will sympathetic fibers innervating the small intestines synapse?

A

Celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia

33
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the small instestines?

A

Posterior vagal trunks

34
Q

Where will posterior vagal trunks parasympathetic fibers synapse?

A

Postsynaptic neurons in intestinal wall

35
Q

Name the components of the large instestines

A

Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal

36
Q

What are epiploic (omental) appendices?

A

Small fatty projections off the large intestines

37
Q

What are teniae coli?

A

Three distinct longitudinal bands of muscle beginning at the base of appendix

38
Q

What are haustra?

A

Sacculations of colon wall between teniae coli

39
Q

Where is Toldt fascia? What is contained within it?

A

Between mesocolon and retroperitoneum (large intestines)
CT containing lymphatic channels

40
Q

Which part of the large intestines is the blind pouch?

A

Cecum

41
Q

The right lower quadrant of the cecum sits where in relation to the skeleton?

A

Iliac fossa

42
Q

What is inferior to the junction of terminal ileum and ileocecal orifice/valve?

A

Cecum

43
Q

What is the vermiform appendix? Where is it? What does it contain?

A

Blind diverticulum located on posteromedial aspect of cecum containing lymphoid tissue

44
Q

Ascending colon is continuous with…

A

cecum on the right side of abdomen

45
Q

Where does the ascending colon ascend to?

A

Right lobe of liver

46
Q

Where does the ascending colon end?

A

Right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

47
Q

Where is the ascending colon in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

48
Q

Where is the right paracolic gutter?

A

Wide space between ascending colon and lateral abdominal wall

49
Q

What is the longest and most mobile part of large instestines?

A

Transverse colon

50
Q

Where does the transverse colon begin and end?

A

Right colic flexure to the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

51
Q

What attaches the splenic flexure to the diaphragm?

A

Phrenicolic ligament

52
Q

The transverse colon will usually land at the level of…

A

umbilicus

53
Q

Where is the descending colon in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

54
Q

Where is the left paracolic gutter?

A

Narrow space lateral to the descending colon

55
Q

Where does the descending colon begin and end?

A

Left colic flexure to left iliac fossa

56
Q

What attaches the sigmoid colon to the pelvic wall?

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

57
Q

What is the fold of peritoneum surrounding the vermiform appendix?

A

Mesoappendix

58
Q

Where does the sigmoid colon begin and end?

A

Descending colon to rectum (S3)

59
Q

Where is the rectum?

A

Within the true pelvis

60
Q

What artery supplies the cecum?

A

Ileocolic artery, a terminal branch of superior mesenteric artery, branches into the appendicular artery

61
Q

What artery supplies the ascending colon and right colic flexure?

A

Right colic artery from superior mesenteric artery

62
Q

Which arteries supply the transverse colon?

A

Middle colic artery and marginal artery

63
Q

What is the marginal artery?

A

Anastomotic artery between right colic artery, middle colic artery, left colic artery, and sigmoid arteries
It parallels and extends the length of the colon, supplying the transverse colon

64
Q

Veins of the cecum, ascending colon, right colic flexure, and transverse colon drain into…

A

superior mesenteric vein

65
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery is a branch of…

A

abdominal aorta

66
Q

Descending and sigmoid colon make up the…

A

hindgut

67
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery arises at around what level?

A

L3

68
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending and sigmoid colon (hindgut)

69
Q

What arteries branch from the inferior mesenteric artery?

A
  • Left colic artery
  • Sigmoid arteries
  • Superior rectal artery
70
Q

Which arteries supply the descending and sigmoid colon?

A
  • Left colic artery
  • Sigmoid arteries
  • Superior rectal artery
71
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein drains into… then…

A

splenic vein then hepatic portal vein

72
Q

Ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic lymph nodes drain along arteries to…

A

superior mesenteric lymph nodes

73
Q

Innervation of ascending and transverse colon

A

Superior mesenteric nerve plexus provides sympathetic and parasympathetics
Same as small intestines

74
Q

Sympathetic innervation of colon

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerves to inferior mesenteric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus

75
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of colon

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) to inferior hypogastric plexus

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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