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Gross Anatomy III > Anterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • midline
  • mandible
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2
Q

What is the roof of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue and platysma)

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3
Q

What is the floor of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland

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4
Q

What are the four triangles within the anterior cervical triangle?

A
  • Submandibular (digastric)
  • Submental
  • Carotid
  • Muscular
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5
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
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6
Q

Origin and insertion of mylohyoid

A

O: Mylohyoid line of mandible
I: Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid

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7
Q

Origin and insertion of geniohyoid

A

O: Inferior mental spine of mandible
I: Body of hyoid

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8
Q

Origin and insertion of stylohyoid

A

O: Styloid process of temporal bone
I: Body of hyoid

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9
Q

Origin and insertion of digastric

A

O: digastric fossa of mandible (anterior belly); mastoid notch of temporal bone (posterior belly)
I: Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid

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10
Q

Innervation of mylohyoid

A

Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (from mandibular nerve, CN V3)

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11
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve CN XII and nerve to geniohyoid

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12
Q

Innervation of stylohyoid

A

Stylohyoid (preparotid) branch of facial nerve CN VII

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13
Q

Innervation of digastric anterior belly

A

Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve

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14
Q

Innervation of digastric posterior belly

A

Digastric (preparotid) branch of facial nerve CN VII

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15
Q

What are the main actions of mylohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

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16
Q

What are the main actions of geniohyoid?

A

Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

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17
Q

What are the main actions of stylohyoid?

A

Elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth

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18
Q

What are the main actions of digastric?

A

Working with infrahyoid muscles, depresses mandible against resistance; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking

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19
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
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20
Q

Origin and insertion of sternohyoid

A

O: Manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
I: Body of hyoid

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21
Q

Origin and insertion of omohyoid

A

O: Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
I: Inferior border of hyoid

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22
Q

Origin and insertion of sternothyroid

A

O: Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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23
Q

Origin and insertion of thyrohyoid

A

O: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid

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24
Q

Innervation of sternohyoid

A

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

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25
Q

Innervation of omohyoid

A

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

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26
Q

Innervation of sternothyroid

A

C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

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27
Q

Innervation of thyrohyoid

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve CN XII and nerve to thyrohyoid

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28
Q

What are the main actions of sternohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

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29
Q

What are the main actions of omohyoid?

A

Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid

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30
Q

What are the main actions of sternothyroid?

A

Depresses hyoid and larynx

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31
Q

What are the main actions of thyrohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

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32
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A

Mandible and anterior and posterior bellies of digastric

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33
Q

What is the floor of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • Mylohyoid
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
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34
Q

What nerves can be found in the submandibular triangle?

A
  • Hypoglossal
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Mylohyoid
  • Lingual
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35
Q

What arteries can be found in the submandibular triangle?

A
  • Facial
  • Submental
  • Lingual
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36
Q

What vein can be found in the submandibular triangle?

A

Common facial vein

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37
Q

What are the lymph nodes in the submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

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38
Q

What gland fills the submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular gland

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39
Q

Where is the superficial part of the submandibular gland?

A

Superficial to mylohyoid

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40
Q

Where is the deep part of the submandibular gland?

A

Deep to mylohyoid and superficial to hyoglossus

41
Q

The lingual nerve loops under…

A

submandibular duct

42
Q

The submandibular duct arises from ___ and opens into ___

A

arises from deep part of submandibular gland and opens into sublingual papilla beside base of lingual frenulum

43
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the submandibular gland?

A

Lingual nerve

44
Q

What motor nerve travels with the lingual nerve to supply the submandibular gland?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor from facial nerve (chorda tympani)

45
Q

submandibular gland

Preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor from facial nerve (chorda tympani) synapse in ___ then travel with arteries

A

synapse in submandibular ganglion (suspended from lingual nerve) then travel with arteries

46
Q

Where do sympathetics to the submandibular gland come from?

A

Superior cervical ganglion (travels with arteries)

47
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Right and left anterior belly of digastric, hyoid bone

48
Q

What is the floor of the submental triangle?

A

Right and left mylohyoid muscles that meet in a median raphe

49
Q

What nerve can be found in the submental triangle?

A

Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)

50
Q

What artery can be found in the submental triangle?

A

Submental artery (branch of facial artery)

51
Q

What vein can be found in the submental triangle?

A

Beginning of anterior jugular vein (if present)

52
Q

What muscles make up the “floor of mouth”?

A

Suprahyoid muscles

53
Q

What muscles can be found in the submental triangle?

A
  • Suprahyoid muscles
  • Extrinsic muscles of the larynx
  • Infrahyoid muscles (depress mandible)
54
Q

A portion of the parotid gland lies within which triangle?

A

Digastric triangle

55
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A
  • Superior belly of omohyoid
  • Posterior belly of digastric
  • Anterior border of SCM
56
Q

Which triangle contains the common carotid artery?

A

Carotid triangle

57
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

Superior border of thyroid cartilage (C3-C4)

58
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

Dilation at bifurcation of common carotid artery and into internal carotid artery

59
Q

The baroreceptor of the carotid sinus is innervated by…

A

CN IX and X and sympathetic

60
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

Small dark mass of tissue on deep side of bifurcation of common carotid artery

61
Q

The chemoreceptor of the carotid body is innervated by…

A

CN IX and X and sympathetic

62
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A
  • Carotid arteries (medial)
  • Internal jugular vein (lateral)
  • Vagus nerve CN X (posterior)
63
Q

Which triangle contains deep cervical lymph nodes?

A

Carotid triangle

64
Q

Where is ansa cervicalis?

A

Embedded in fascia of anterolateral aspect of carotid sheath (carotid triangle)

65
Q

How many branches of the internal carotid artery are present in the neck?

A

None

66
Q

How many branches of the external carotid artery are present in the neck?

A

Six branches and two terminal branches

67
Q

Name eight branches off the external carotid artery in the neck

A
  • Superior thyroid artery
  • Ascending pharyngeal artery
  • Lingual artery
  • Facial artery
  • Occipital artery
  • Posterior auricular artery
  • Maxillary artery
  • Superficial temporal artery
68
Q

What artery comes from the superior thyroid artery?

A

Superior laryngeal artery

69
Q

The cervical plexus has ventral rami of…

A

C1-C4

70
Q

cervical plexus

C2-C4 divide into ___ branches that unite with branches of adjacent spinal nerves to form ___

A

divide into ascending and descending branches that unite with branches of adjacent spinal nerves to form loops

71
Q

The cervical plexus lies anteromedial to…

A

levator scapulae and middle scalene

72
Q

The cervical plexus lies posterior to…

A

SCM

73
Q

The superficial branches of the cervical plexus are…

A

sensory

74
Q

Name 4 nerves in the cervical plexus

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
  • Great auricular nerve (C2-C3)
  • Transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)
  • Supraclavicular nerves (C3-C4) (medial, intermediate, lateral)
75
Q

Where is ansa cervicalis in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

Anterior to or integrated into carotid sheath

76
Q

What spinal levels form the superior root of ansa cervicalis?

A

C1 and C2; joins and descends from hypoglossal nerve

77
Q

What spinal levels form the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?

A

C2 and C3

78
Q

What does ansa cervicalis innervate?

A
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Sternohyoid
79
Q

Thyrohyoid receives ___ fibers that travel with ___

A

receives C1 fibers that travel with hypoglossal nerve (nerve to thyrohyoid)

80
Q

Cervical plexus deep branches are…

A

motor

81
Q

What are the deep branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  • Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
  • Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
  • Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
  • Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
  • Nerves to prevertebral muscles
82
Q

The long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) pierces through which muscle in the neck?

A

Middle scalene muscle

83
Q

What type of innervation will the phrenic nerve (C3-C5) provide the cervical plexus?

A

Motor, sensory, and sympathetic

84
Q

Where is the phrenic nerve (C3-C5) in relation to the scalene muscles?

A

Lies on the surface of anterior scalene muscle

85
Q

Which muscles are innervated by nerves to prevertebral muscles?

A
  • Longus colli
  • Longus capitus
  • Rectus capitus anterior
  • Rectus capitus lateralis
  • Anterior scalene
  • Middle scalene
  • Posterior scalene
86
Q

What are the sensory and motor branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Sensory: internal laryngeal nerve
Motor: external laryngeal nerve

87
Q

The internal laryngeal nerve pierces…

A

thyrohyoid membrane (with superior laryngeal artery)

88
Q

The external laryngeal nerve travels inferiorly paralleling…

A

superior thyroid artery

89
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

Cricothyroid

90
Q

The cervical sympathetic trunk is posterior to…

A

carotid sheath

91
Q

Are there white rami communicantes from cervical spinal levels to the cervical sympathetic trunk?

A

No

92
Q

The cervical sympathetic trunk has ___ cervical ganglion that receive ___ from ___

A

has three cervical ganglion that receive preganglionic fibers from T1-T5

93
Q

Postganglionic fibers of cervical sympathetic trunk travel to…

A

spinal nerve (gray rami communicantes), thoracic viscera, and head and neck viscera (travel with arteries)

94
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A
  • Superior belly of omohyoid
  • Anterior border of SCM
  • Anterior midline of neck
95
Q

What are the pericervical lymph nodes?

A
  • Submental
  • Submandibular
  • Parotid
  • Mastoid
  • Occipital
96
Q

Superficial lymph vessels follow…

A

veins

97
Q

Deep lymph vessels follow…

A

arteries

98
Q

All lymph vessels drain into… along…

A

drain into deep cervical lymph nodes along internal jugular vein

99
Q

The carotid sinus and body are located at which vertebral level?

A

C3-C4

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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