Cranial Cavity Flashcards
How many bones make up the neurocranium?
8 bones (2 paired, 4 unpaired)
What is the intramembranous ossification of the neurocranium?
Calvaria
What is the endochondral ossification of the neurocranium?
Cranial base
How many bones make up the viscerocranium?
15 bones (6 paired, 3 unpaired)
What does the viscerocranium form from?
Mesenchyme of pharyngeal arches
Does the viscerocranium have intramembranous ossification?
Yes
What are the cranial tables?
What are they separated by?
Internal and external cortical bone tables separated by diploe trabecular bone
What are buttresses of the cranium?
Thicker areas of cranial bone helping transmit forces around weaker areas of bone
Where are cranial walls thinner?
Thinner where muscles cover the skull
Thinnest walls at pterion
Which artery will travel through the position of the pterion?
Middle meningeal artery
Where are Le Fort fractures found?
Portions of the maxilla
Where are common mandible fractures?
- Around coronoid process
- Around condylar process
- Across body at angle
- Beside mental protuberance
Which bony features are considered part of the face in cranial development?
Sinuses, teeth, nose
The face makes up ___ of the cranium in children and ___ of the cranium in adults
1/8 of cranium in children and 1/3 of cranium in adults
Name the four fontanelles
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Sphenoidal
- Mastoid
Name the four fontanelle closures
- Bregma
- Lambda
- Pterion
- Asterion
When are sutures obliterated?
~30-40 years of age
What is the metopic suture?
Persistent frontal suture
What is craniosynostosis?
How common is it?
Premature suture closure
1 in 2,000 births
craniosynostosis
What is scaphocephaly?
How does it appear?
Premature closure of sagittal suture
Increased A-P dimension
craniosynostosis
What is oxycephaly/turricephaly?
How does it appear?
Premature closure of coronal suture
Increased superior to inferior dimension
craniosynostosis
What is plagiocephaly?
How does it appear?
Premature closure of coronal or lambdoidal suture on one side only
Twisted or asymmetrical skull shape
air sinuses
Name the pneumatic sinuses
- Frontal
- Maxillary
- Sphenoidal
- Ethmoidal
What are the components of the scalp?
S- skin
C- connective tissue (dense CT), blood vessels, and nerves
A- aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis
L- loose areolar tissue
P- pericranium/periosteum
What are the cranial meninges?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
cranial meninges
What are the layers of the dura mater?
- External periosteal layer
- Internal meningeal layer
cranial meninges
What are the components of the arachnoid mater?
- Subarachnoid space
- Arachnoid granulations
Name the four dural folds
- Falx cerebri
- Tentorium cerebelli
- Falx cerebelli
- Diaphragma sellae
dural folds
Where is falx cerebri?
Runs in longitudinal cerebral fissure
Crista galli to internal occipital protuberance
dural folds
Where is tentorium cerebelli?
Between occipital lobes and cerebellum
dural folds
Where is falx cerebelli?
Separates cerebellar hemispheres
dural folds
Where is diaphragma sellae?
Roof over hypophyseal fossa
What are venous sinuses?
Sinuses between dural layers
venous sinuses
Where is the superior sagittal sinus?
Superior border of flax cerebri
venous sinuses
Where is the inferior sagittal sinus?
Inferior border of falx cerebri
venous sinuses
What is the confluence of sinuses?
Union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein
venous sinuses
What is the union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein?
Confluence of sinuses
venous sinuses
Name the paired sinuses
- Transverse sinus
- Sigmoid sinus
- Cavernous sinus
venous sinuses
Where is the cavernous sinus?
Lateral to sella turcica
venous sinuses
Transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus lead from ___ to ___
lead from confluence of sinuses to jugular foramen
venous sinuses
Where can the hypophyseal fossa be found?
Cavernous sinus
venous sinuses
What are the contents of the hypophyseal fossa in the cavernous sinus?
- CN III
- CN IV
- V1
- V2
- CN VI
- Internal carotid artery
venous sinuses
The contents of the hypophyseal fossa of the cavernous sinus will associate with…
orbit, face, meninges, and brain
What is the innervation of the scalp?
- CN V trigeminal
- Ventral and dorsal rami of C2 and C3
What is the innervation of the cranial dura?
Meningeal branches of CN V, CN X, and dorsal rami of C2 and C3
What are three branches of CN V trigeminal?
- V1 Ophthalmic nerve
- V2 Maxillary nerve
- V3 Mandibular nerve
The trigeminal nerve includes its three branches and…
trigeminal ganglion
The basilar artery is the joining of…
right and left vertebral arteries
The middle meningeal artery is a branch of…
maxillary artery
Name three major arteries of the cranium
- Basilar artery
- Middle meningeal artery
- Internal carotid artery
The scalp is supplied by branches of which two arteries?
Internal and external carotid arteries
What branches of the internal carotid artery supply the scalp?
- Supratrochlear
- Supraorbital
What branches of the external carotid artery supply the scalp?
- Superficial temporal
- Posterior auricular
- Occipital
Where are optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries found in the skull?
Optic canals (in middle cranial fossa)
Where can CN V2 maxillary nerve be found in the skull?
Foramen rotundum (middle cranial fossa)
Where can CN V3 mandibular nerve and accessory meningeal artery be found in the skull?
Foramen ovale (middle cranial fossa)
Where can the middle meningeal artery and vein, and meningeal branch of CN V3 be found in the skull?
Foramen spinosum (middle cranial fossa)
Where can CN XI accessory be found in the skull?
Foramen magnum (posterior cranial fossa)
Where can CN IX, X, and XI be found in the skull?
Jugular foramen (posterior cranial fossa)
Where can CN XII hypoglossal be found in the skull?
Hypoglossal canal (posterior cranial fossa)
