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Gross Anatomy III > Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

A

8 bones (2 paired, 4 unpaired)

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2
Q

What is the intramembranous ossification of the neurocranium?

A

Calvaria

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3
Q

What is the endochondral ossification of the neurocranium?

A

Cranial base

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4
Q

How many bones make up the viscerocranium?

A

15 bones (6 paired, 3 unpaired)

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5
Q

What does the viscerocranium form from?

A

Mesenchyme of pharyngeal arches

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6
Q

Does the viscerocranium have intramembranous ossification?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are the cranial tables?
What are they separated by?

A

Internal and external cortical bone tables separated by diploe trabecular bone

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8
Q

What are buttresses of the cranium?

A

Thicker areas of cranial bone helping transmit forces around weaker areas of bone

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9
Q

Where are cranial walls thinner?

A

Thinner where muscles cover the skull
Thinnest walls at pterion

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10
Q

Which artery will travel through the position of the pterion?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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11
Q

Where are Le Fort fractures found?

A

Portions of the maxilla

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12
Q

Where are common mandible fractures?

A
  • Around coronoid process
  • Around condylar process
  • Across body at angle
  • Beside mental protuberance
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13
Q

Which bony features are considered part of the face in cranial development?

A

Sinuses, teeth, nose

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14
Q

The face makes up ___ of the cranium in children and ___ of the cranium in adults

A

1/8 of cranium in children and 1/3 of cranium in adults

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15
Q

Name the four fontanelles

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Sphenoidal
  • Mastoid
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16
Q

Name the four fontanelle closures

A
  • Bregma
  • Lambda
  • Pterion
  • Asterion
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17
Q

When are sutures obliterated?

A

~30-40 years of age

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18
Q

What is the metopic suture?

A

Persistent frontal suture

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19
Q

What is craniosynostosis?
How common is it?

A

Premature suture closure
1 in 2,000 births

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20
Q

craniosynostosis

What is scaphocephaly?
How does it appear?

A

Premature closure of sagittal suture
Increased A-P dimension

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21
Q

craniosynostosis

What is oxycephaly/turricephaly?
How does it appear?

A

Premature closure of coronal suture
Increased superior to inferior dimension

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22
Q

craniosynostosis

What is plagiocephaly?
How does it appear?

A

Premature closure of coronal or lambdoidal suture on one side only
Twisted or asymmetrical skull shape

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23
Q

air sinuses

Name the pneumatic sinuses

A
  • Frontal
  • Maxillary
  • Sphenoidal
  • Ethmoidal
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24
Q

What are the components of the scalp?

A

S- skin
C- connective tissue (dense CT), blood vessels, and nerves
A- aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis
L- loose areolar tissue
P- pericranium/periosteum

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25
Q

What are the cranial meninges?

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater
26
Q

cranial meninges

What are the layers of the dura mater?

A
  • External periosteal layer
  • Internal meningeal layer
27
Q

cranial meninges

What are the components of the arachnoid mater?

A
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Arachnoid granulations
28
Q

Name the four dural folds

A
  • Falx cerebri
  • Tentorium cerebelli
  • Falx cerebelli
  • Diaphragma sellae
29
Q

dural folds

Where is falx cerebri?

A

Runs in longitudinal cerebral fissure
Crista galli to internal occipital protuberance

30
Q

dural folds

Where is tentorium cerebelli?

A

Between occipital lobes and cerebellum

31
Q

dural folds

Where is falx cerebelli?

A

Separates cerebellar hemispheres

32
Q

dural folds

Where is diaphragma sellae?

A

Roof over hypophyseal fossa

33
Q

What are venous sinuses?

A

Sinuses between dural layers

34
Q

venous sinuses

Where is the superior sagittal sinus?

A

Superior border of flax cerebri

35
Q

venous sinuses

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus?

A

Inferior border of falx cerebri

36
Q

venous sinuses

What is the confluence of sinuses?

A

Union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein

37
Q

venous sinuses

What is the union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein?

A

Confluence of sinuses

38
Q

venous sinuses

Name the paired sinuses

A
  • Transverse sinus
  • Sigmoid sinus
  • Cavernous sinus
39
Q

venous sinuses

Where is the cavernous sinus?

A

Lateral to sella turcica

40
Q

venous sinuses

Transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus lead from ___ to ___

A

lead from confluence of sinuses to jugular foramen

41
Q

venous sinuses

Where can the hypophyseal fossa be found?

A

Cavernous sinus

42
Q

venous sinuses

What are the contents of the hypophyseal fossa in the cavernous sinus?

A
  • CN III
  • CN IV
  • V1
  • V2
  • CN VI
  • Internal carotid artery
43
Q

venous sinuses

The contents of the hypophyseal fossa of the cavernous sinus will associate with…

A

orbit, face, meninges, and brain

44
Q

What is the innervation of the scalp?

A
  • CN V trigeminal
  • Ventral and dorsal rami of C2 and C3
45
Q

What is the innervation of the cranial dura?

A

Meningeal branches of CN V, CN X, and dorsal rami of C2 and C3

46
Q

What are three branches of CN V trigeminal?

A
  • V1 Ophthalmic nerve
  • V2 Maxillary nerve
  • V3 Mandibular nerve
47
Q

The trigeminal nerve includes its three branches and…

A

trigeminal ganglion

48
Q

The basilar artery is the joining of…

A

right and left vertebral arteries

49
Q

The middle meningeal artery is a branch of…

A

maxillary artery

50
Q

Name three major arteries of the cranium

A
  • Basilar artery
  • Middle meningeal artery
  • Internal carotid artery
51
Q

The scalp is supplied by branches of which two arteries?

A

Internal and external carotid arteries

52
Q

What branches of the internal carotid artery supply the scalp?

A
  • Supratrochlear
  • Supraorbital
53
Q

What branches of the external carotid artery supply the scalp?

A
  • Superficial temporal
  • Posterior auricular
  • Occipital
54
Q

Where are optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries found in the skull?

A

Optic canals (in middle cranial fossa)

55
Q

Where can CN V2 maxillary nerve be found in the skull?

A

Foramen rotundum (middle cranial fossa)

56
Q

Where can CN V3 mandibular nerve and accessory meningeal artery be found in the skull?

A

Foramen ovale (middle cranial fossa)

57
Q

Where can the middle meningeal artery and vein, and meningeal branch of CN V3 be found in the skull?

A

Foramen spinosum (middle cranial fossa)

58
Q

Where can CN XI accessory be found in the skull?

A

Foramen magnum (posterior cranial fossa)

59
Q

Where can CN IX, X, and XI be found in the skull?

A

Jugular foramen (posterior cranial fossa)

60
Q

Where can CN XII hypoglossal be found in the skull?

A

Hypoglossal canal (posterior cranial fossa)

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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