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Gross Anatomy III > Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

Orbit and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones can be found in the orbit?

A

7 bones

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2
Q

Orbital axes is approximately…

A

45 degrees

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3
Q

Optical axes (direction/line of sight) is…

A

parallel

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4
Q

Name six contents of the orbit

A
  • Eye (ball and nerve)
  • Extra-ocular muscles
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Periorbital fat and fascia
  • Conjunctiva
  • Nerves and blood vessels
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5
Q

What are the functions of the eyelids?

A
  • Protect eyeball and cornea
  • Spread lacrimal fluid to keep cornea moist
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6
Q

Eyelids are externally covered by ___ and internally lined by ___

A

covered by skin and internally lined by conjunctiva

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7
Q

What are tarsal (meibomian) glands?

A

Ciliary glands along eyelashes that secrete lipids to lubricate edges of eyelids

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8
Q

What is a palpebral fissure?

A

Opening between superior and inferior eyelids

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9
Q

What are palpebral commissures?

A

Where superior and inferior eyelids meet medially and laterally

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10
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland and what does it secrete?

A

Located in superolateral part of orbit and secretes lacrimal fluid

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11
Q

Excretory ducts of the lacrimal gland lead to…

A

lacrimal canaliculi (small canals) near medial angle of eye

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12
Q

What is the lacrimal sac?

A

Dilated superior part of nasolacrimal duct

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13
Q

The nasolacrimal duct drains into…

A

inferior nasal meatus

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14
Q

Lacrimal fluid production is stimulated by which cranial nerve’s fibers?

A

Parasympathetic fibers from CN VII

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15
Q

lacrimal apparatus

Greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic fibers) joins deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic fibers) to form…

A

the nerve of pterygoid canal (vidian nerve) to pterygopalatine ganglion

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16
Q

lacrimal apparatus

Postganglionic fibers travel from pterygopalatine ganglion on ___ to ___

A

on zygomatic nerve (branch of V2) to lacrimal nerve (branch of V1)

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17
Q

lacrimal apparatus

Sympathetic fibers travel from ___ to ___ as deep petrosal nerve to nerve of pterygoid canal

A

superior cervical ganglion to internal carotid plexus

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18
Q

lacrimal apparatus

Sympathetic fibers travel from superior cervical ganglion to internal carotid plexus as ___ to ___

A

deep petrosal nerve to nerve of pterygoid canal

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior chamber of anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Cornea to iris/pupil

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior chamber of anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Iris/pupil to ciliary body

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21
Q

The anterior segment of the eyeball is filled with…

A

aqueous humor

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22
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Lens to retina

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23
Q

The posterior segment of the eyeball is filled with…

A

vitreous humor

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24
Q

The posterior segment of the eyeball is held in place by the…

A

mesh vitreous body

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25
Q

What are the three layers of the eyeball?

A
  • Fibrous layer (outer coat)
  • Vascular layer (middle coat)
  • Inner layer (inner coat)
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26
Q

What structures are found in the fibrous layer of the eyeball?

A
  • Sclera
  • Cornea
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27
Q

What is the sclera?

A
  • Opaque (white) layer covering posterior 5/6
  • Attachment for muscles
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28
Q

What is the cornea?

A
  • Transparent layer covering anterior 1/6
  • Completely avascular
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29
Q

What structures are found in the vascular layer of the eyeball?

A
  • Choroid
  • Ciliary body
  • Iris
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30
Q

Describe choroid

A
  • Dark reddish-brown layer
  • Highly vascular
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31
Q

What is ciliary body?

A
  • Ring-like thickening posterior to corneoscleral junction (ora serrata)
  • Smooth muscle and vasculature
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32
Q

___ secrete aqueous humor

A

Ciliary processes (of ciliary body)

33
Q

What attaches ciliary body to lens?

A

Suspensory ligaments

34
Q

What are the two muscles found in the iris?

A
  • Sphincter pupillae
  • Dilator pupillae
35
Q

What is the innervation of sphincter pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic innervation

36
Q

What is the innervation of dilator pupillae?

A

Sympathetic innervation

37
Q

What layer of the eyeball contains the retina and its structures?

A

Inner layer

38
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

Blind spot of the retina

39
Q

What is fovea centralis?

A

Center of macula lutea, densely saturated with cones

40
Q

What is ora serrata?

A

Irregular border of macula between retina and ciliary body

41
Q

What is the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III) and sympathetic fibers

42
Q

What is the main action of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Elevate superior eyelid

43
Q

What is the innervation of superior oblique?

A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

44
Q

What are the main actions of superior oblique?

A

Adducts, depresses, and medially rotates eyeball

45
Q

What is the innervation of inferior oblique?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

46
Q

What are the main actions of inferior oblique?

A

Abducts, elevates, and laterally rotates eyeball

47
Q

What is the innervation of superior rectus?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

48
Q

What are the main actions of superior rectus?

A

Elevates, adducts, and rotates eyeball medially

49
Q

What is the innervation of inferior rectus?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

50
Q

What are the main actions of inferior rectus?

A

Depresses, adducts, and rotates eyeball laterally

51
Q

What is the innervation of medial rectus?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

52
Q

What is the main action of medial rectus?

A

Adducts eyeball

53
Q

What is the innervation of lateral rectus?

A

Abducent nerve (CN VI)

54
Q

What is the main action of lateral rectus?

A

Abducts eyeball

55
Q

The optic nerve (CN II) exits the skull through…

A

optic canal

56
Q

The oculomotor nerve (CN III) exits the skull through…

A

superior orbital fissure

57
Q

The superior division of the occulomotor nerve (CN III) innervates which muscles?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus

58
Q

The inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervates which muscles?

A

Medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique

59
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to ciliary ganglion are involved in which cranial nerve?

A

Inferior division of oculomotor nerve (CN III)

60
Q

The trochlear nerve (CN IV) exits the skull through…

A

superior orbital fissure

61
Q

Which muscle does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervate?

A

Superior oblique

62
Q

Abducent nerve (CN VI) exits the skull through…

A

superior orbital fissure

63
Q

What muscle does abducent nerve (CN VI) innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

64
Q

Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) exits the skull through…

A

superior orbital fissure

65
Q

The frontal nerve, nasociliary nerve, and lacrimal nerve all come from…

A

ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)

66
Q

Where is the ciliary ganglion?

A

Located between optic nerve and lateral rectus

67
Q

Short ciliary nerves are sensory branches of…

A

V1 (nasociliary nerve)

68
Q

Short ciliary nerves carry what fibers to where?

A

Postganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers to ciliary body and sphincter pupillae

69
Q

Which ciliary nerves go through ciliary ganglion?

A

Short ciliary nerves (long ciliary nerves do not)

70
Q

Long ciliary nerves are sensory branches of…

A

V1

71
Q

Long ciliary nerves carry what fibers to where?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to dilator pupillae

72
Q

What are the main arteries of the orbit?

A
  • Ophthalmic artery
  • Infraorbital artery
73
Q

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of…

A

internal carotid artery

74
Q

What are the branches off the ophthalmic artery?

A
  • Central artery of retina
  • Lacrimal
75
Q

The infraorbital artery is a branch of…

A

maxillary artery

76
Q

What are the veins of the orbit and what do they drain into?

A

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain into cavernous sinus

77
Q

After a resection of a lymphangioma from the apex of her right lung, a patient experiences ptosis and miosis in her right eye
What structure was likely damaged during the surgery?

A

Sympathetic trunk/chain

78
Q

Obstruction of what structure prevents tears from draining?

A

Lacrimal gland

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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