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Gross Anatomy III > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superior and inferior tissue boundaries of the abdomen?

A

Thoracic diaphragm (4th intercostal space) to pelvic inlet

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2
Q

The abdomen is skeletally bound by what structures?

A

Costal cartilages 7-10, ribs 11-12, xiphoid process, L1-5, and os coxae (ilium and pubis)

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the greater pelvis or false pelvis?

A

Superior ilium border to pelvic inlet

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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the lesser pelvis or true pelvis?

A

Pelvic inlet to pelvic diaphragm

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5
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and abdominal muscles during inspiration?

A

Contraction of diaphragm and relaxation of abdominal muscles

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6
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and abdominal muscles during expiration?

A

Relaxation of diaphragm and contraction of abdominal muscles

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7
Q

The most superficial fascia of the abdomen is called…

A

camper fascia

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8
Q

Is camper fascia fatty or membranous?

A

Fatty

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9
Q

Which fascia is deep to camper fascia?

A

Scarpa fascia

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10
Q

Is scarpa fascia fatty or membranous?

A

Membranous

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11
Q

Where is scarpa fascia?

A

Inferior to umbilicus and deep to camper fascia

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12
Q

What is investing fascia and where is it found?

A

Mostly epimysium covering the external surface of muscles and aponeuroses

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13
Q

What type of fascia will cover the external surface of muscles?

A

Investing fascia

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14
Q

What muscle is immediately deep to scarpa fascia?

A

External oblique

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15
Q

What direction do the fibers of the external obliques run?

A

Direction of hands in pockets

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16
Q

What direction do the fibers of the internal obliques run?

A

Direction of prayer hands, opposite to external obliques

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17
Q

What muscle is immediately deep to internal obliques?

A

Transversus abdominus

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18
Q

What fascia is deep to the investing fascia around transversus abdominus?

A

Endoabdominal fascia (transversalis fascia)

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19
Q

Where is endoabdominal fascia found?

A

Lines anterolateral abdominal wall deep to muscles

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20
Q

What is immediately deep to endoabdominal fascia?

A

Extraperitoneal fat

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21
Q

What is found deep to extraperitoneal fat?

A

Peritoneum

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22
Q

abdominal wall muscles

Name the flat muscles

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

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23
Q

abdominal wall muscles

Name the vertical muscles

A

Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis

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24
Q

Origin and insertion of external oblique

A

O: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
I: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

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25
Q

Innervation of external oblique

A

Anterior rami of T7-12 and subcostal nerve

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26
Q

Action of external oblique

A

Compress and support abdominal contents; together flex trunk; contralaterally bends trunk

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27
Q

Origin and insertion of internal oblique

A

O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament
I: Inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

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28
Q

Innervation of internal oblique

A

Anterior rami of T6-12 and first lumbar nerve

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29
Q

Action of internal oblique

A

Compress and support abdominal contents; together flex trunk; ipsilaterally bends trunk

30
Q

Origin and insertion of transversus abdominis

A

O: Internal surfaces of 7-12 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament
I: Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

31
Q

Innervation of transversus abdominis

A

Anterior rami of T6-12 and first lumbar nerve

32
Q

Action of transversus abdominis

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

33
Q

Origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

A

O: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest
I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7

34
Q

Innervation of rectus abdominis

A

Anterior rami of T6-12

35
Q

Action of rectus abdominis

A

Flexus trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses abdominal viscera; stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis (antilordosis)

36
Q

Origin and insertion of pyramidalis

A

O: Front of pubis and pubic symphysis
I: Linea alba

37
Q

Innervation of pyramidalis

A

Anterior ramus of T12

38
Q

Action of pyramidalis

A

Tenses or draws down the linea alba

39
Q

Fibers of the flat muscles end near the midclavicular line forming… which blend to form…

A

… forming aponeuroses which blend to form the rectus sheath

40
Q

The rectus sheath surrounds…

A

rectus abdominis (except inferior fourth of posterior portion)

41
Q

What marks the end of the posterior rectus sheath?

A

Arcuate line

42
Q

Inferior to the arcuate line is what fascia?

A

Transversalis fascia

43
Q

What forms the linea alba?

A

Interweaving aponeuroses

44
Q

What does the linea alba separate?

A

Rectus abdominis muscles

45
Q

What is the lateral margin of rectus abdominis?

A

Linea semilunaris

46
Q

What is the function of tendinous intersections?

A

Attach to anterior rectus sheath and subdivide rectus abdominis
Improve generation of force

47
Q

The rectus sheath contains which vessels?

A

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins, and lymphatic vessels

48
Q

Innervation of rectus sheath

A

Ventral rami of thoracoabdominal nerves (T6/7-11) and subcostal nerve (T12)

49
Q

Name five anterolateral abdominal wall nerves

A
  1. Thoracoabdominal nerves
  2. Lateral (thoracic) cutaneous branches
  3. Subcostal nerve
  4. Iliohypogastric
  5. Ilioinguinal
50
Q

Which nerves’ motor branches supply all the muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves (ventral/anterior rami (T6) T7-11)

51
Q

Which nerves’ cutaneous branches provide the dermatomes?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves (ventral/anterior rami (T6) T7-11)

52
Q

Spinal levels of thoracoabdominal nerves

A

Ventral/anterior rami of T6/7-11

53
Q

Spinal levels of lateral (thoracic) cutaneous branches

A

T7-9/10

54
Q

Spinal level of subcostal nerve

A

Ventral/anterior ramus of T12

55
Q

Spinal level of iliohypogastric nerve

A

Terminal branch of ventral/anterior ramus of L1

56
Q

Spinal level of ilioinguinal nerve?

A

Terminal branch of ventral/anterior ramus of L1

57
Q

venous supply

Skin and subcutaneous tissues drain into…

A

superior vena caval system

58
Q

venous supply

The internal thoracic vein drains into the superior vena caval system in which direction?

A

Medially

59
Q

venous supply

The lateral thoracic vein drains into the superior vena caval system is which direction?

A

Laterally and inferiorly

60
Q

venous supply

Cutaneous veins surrounding umbilicus anastomose with…

A

hepatic portal vein tributaries

61
Q

arterial supply

What arrangement do the arteries of the abdominal wall follow?

A

Arrangement of muscles: oblique and circumferential laterally and vertical anteriorly

62
Q

arterial supply

What are circumferential vessels?

A

Continuations of 7-11 posterior intercostal, subcostal, and deep circumflex iliac vessels

63
Q

arterial supply

What are the vertical vessels?

A

Superior and inferior epigastric vessels, musculophrenic artery and branches

64
Q

lymphatics

Describe lymphatic draining superior to transumbilical line

A

Superficial lymphatic vessels drain into axillary lymph nodes and parasternal lymph nodes

65
Q

lymphatics

Describe lymphatic draining inferior to transumbilical line

A

Superficial lymphatic vessels drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes

66
Q

lymphatics

Deep lymphatic vessels are like…

A

deep veins

67
Q

lymphatics

Describe draining in deep lymphatic vessels

A

Drain into external iliac, common iliac, right and left lumbar lymph nodes

68
Q

Based on the regional divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity, which quadrant would you expect to find the liver?

A

Right upper quadrant or right hypochondrium

69
Q

In the anterior abdominal wall, ___ fascia is only found inferior to the umbilicus superficial to extraperitoneal fat

A

transversalis (endoabdominal)

70
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

The midline fusion of the aponeuroses of the anterolateral abdominal muscles

71
Q

Which dermatome is associated with the umbilicus?

A

T10

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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