Peritoneum

Question 1

Describe the mesothelium of the peritoneum

Answer 1

Layer of simple squamous epithelial-like cells with supportive layer of connective tissue

Question 2

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

Answer 2

Parietal: lines the abdominal wall/peritoneal cavity
Visceral: reflects onto and covers organs

Question 3

Where is peritoneal fluid?

Answer 3

Between parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

Question 4

The peritoneal cavity develops from…
It is connected to… at umbilicus until week 10

Answer 4

develops from intraembryonic coelom (embryonic body cavity) and is connected to extraembryonic coelom until week 10

Question 5

Parietal peritoneum/mesothelium is derived from…

Answer 5

somatic mesoderm

Question 6

Visceral peritoneum/mesothelium is derived from…

Answer 6

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 7

Intraperitoneal organs are…

Answer 7

nearly completely covered by visceral peritoneum

Question 8

Where are extraperitoneal organs?
What are their coverings?

Answer 8

external to parietal peritoneum, partially covered with visceral peritoneum

Question 9

Where are retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 9

Posterior to parietal peritoneum, against posterior abdominal wall

Question 10

Describe the coverings of retroperitoneal organs

Answer 10

One or part of one organ surface, usually the anterior surface, covered by parietal peritoneum

Question 11

Where are subperitoneal organs?

Answer 11

Inferior to parietal peritoneum

Question 12

Describe the coverings of subperitoneal organs

Answer 12

Superior surface of organ is covered by parietal peritoneum

Question 13

In the development of the peritoneal cavity, how do developing organs acquire visceral peritoneum covering?

Answer 13

They protrude into the peritoneal sac

Question 14

How do primarily retroperitoneal organs develop in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 14

They do not protrude fully and remain partially behind the parietal peritoneum

Question 15

How do secondarily retroperitoneal organs develop in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 15

Organs are lying against posterior abdominal wall so their dorsal mesentery fuses with the posterior abdominal wall

Question 16

Mesenteries are… connecting… containing…

Answer 16

Double layers of peritoneum connecting organ to body wall (suspend viscera) containing vessels and nerves

Question 17

What are reflections in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 17

Bends in the parietal peritoneum following the conical structure of the abdomen

Question 18

What are recesses in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 18

Spaces created by the parietal peritoneal reflections

Question 19

Name the peritoneal folds

Answer 19

• Median umbilical fold
• Medial umbilical folds
• Lateral Umbilical folds

Question 20

Where is the median umbilical fold?

Answer 20

Apex of bladder to umbilicus covering the median umbilical ligament (remnant of embryonic urachus/allantois)

Question 21

Where are medial umbilical folds?

Answer 21

Covering medial umbilical ligaments (occluded umbilical arteries)

Question 22

What separates median and medial umbilical folds?

Answer 22

Supravesical fossae

Question 23

Where are lateral umbilical folds?

Answer 23

Covering inferior epigastric vessels

Question 24

Where are the supravesical fossae?

Answer 24

Median to medial umbilical folds

Question 25

Where are the medial inguinal fossae?

Answer 25

Medial to lateral umbilical folds; the site of direct inguinal hernias

Question 26

Where are the lateral inguinal fossae?

Answer 26

Lateral to the lateral umbilical folds and contain deep inguinal ring; common site of indirect inguinal hernias

Question 27

What is the blood supply of the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 27

Blood supply from branches of body wall vessels

Question 28

Where are somatic afferents of the parietal peritoneum from?

Answer 28

Associated spinal nerves

Question 29

What does the parietal peritoneum sense? How is pain perceived?

Answer 29

Interior body wall pressure, pain, heat and cold, and laceration are sensed Pain is well-localized

Question 30

What does the visceral peritoneum sense? How is pain perceived?

Answer 30

Not sensitive to touch, heat and cold, or laceration, but stimulated by stretching and chemical irritation Pain is non-specific; referred discomfort

Question 31

What is the blood supply of visceral peritoneum?

Answer 31

Same as viscera

Question 32

Visceral afferents accompany...

Answer 32

autonomic nerves (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Question 33

Ligaments can connect two bones, but some connect...

Answer 33

viscera to one another

Question 34

Do mesenteries contain neurovasculature?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

List the major mesenteries and their associated organs

Answer 35

* Small intestines have principle mesentery ("the mesentery") * Vermiform appendix has mesoappendix * Transverse colon has transverse mesocolon * Sigmoid colon has sigmoid mesocolon

Question 36

Describe omenta

Answer 36

Passes between stomach and other organs and contain neurovasculature

Question 37

How many layers of peritoneum are in the greater omentum?

Answer 37

4

Question 38

Where is the greater omentum?

Answer 38

Greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum

Question 39

The greater omentum folds back to attach to...

Answer 39

transverse colon and transverse mesocolon

Question 40

What structures attach the greater omentum to the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon?

Answer 40

* Gastrophrenic ligament * Gastrosplenic ligament * Gastrocolic ligament

Question 41

How many layers of peritoneum are in the lesser omentum?

Answer 41

2

Question 42

Where is the lesser omentum?

Answer 42

Lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver

Question 43

What structures attach the lesser omentum to the stomach and liver?

Answer 43

* Hepatogastric ligament * Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 44

What can be found in the hepatoduodenal ligament (attaching the lesser omentum to the duodenum)?

Answer 44

Portal triad

Question 45

The falciform ligament contains...

Answer 45

the round ligament of the liver

Question 46

The round ligament of the liver is also know as...

Answer 46

ligamentum teres hepatis

Question 47

The round ligament of the liver is a remnant of the...

Answer 47

umbilical vein

Question 48

What is the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 48

Main portion of cavity

Question 49

The greater sac of the peritoneal cavity is divided by the...

Answer 49

transverse colon

Question 50

The supracolic space of the greater sac contains...

Answer 50

the stomach, liver, and spleen

Question 51

Where is the infracolic space of the greater sac?

Answer 51

Inferior to transverse colon, posterior to greater omentum

Question 52

The infracolic space of the greater sac contains...

Answer 52

small intestines, ascending and descending colon

Question 53

The right and left infracolic space of the greater sac is divided by the...

Answer 53

principle mesentery

Question 54

Where is the right paracolic gutter?

Answer 54

Lateral to ascending colon

Question 55

Where is the left paracolic gutter?

Answer 55

Lateral to descending colon

Question 56

Where is the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity (omental bursa)?

Answer 56

Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

Question 57

What is the anterior border of the omental foramen?

Answer 57

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 58

What is the posterior border of the omental foramen?

Answer 58

Retroperitoneal IVC, right crus of diaphragm

Question 59

What is the superior border of the omental foramen?

Answer 59

Liver

Question 60

What is the inferior border of the omental foramen?

Answer 60

Superior or first part of duodenum

Question 61

What is another name for the omental foramen?

Answer 61

Epiploic foramen/foramen of Winslow

Question 62

Which organs do not have a free mesentery in adults?

Answer 62

Retroperitoneal organs: kidneys/ureters, duodenum, ascending/descending colon, parts of pancreas, aorta, inferior vena cava, and iliopsoas muscle

Question 63

The omental foramen is bound anteriorly by...

Answer 63

* Hepatic artery * Bile duct * Portal vein * Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 64

Posterior to the omental foramen is the peritoneum covering...

Answer 64

inferior vena cava