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Gross Anatomy III > Peritoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the mesothelium of the peritoneum

A

Layer of simple squamous epithelial-like cells with supportive layer of connective tissue

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2
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal: lines the abdominal wall/peritoneal cavity
Visceral: reflects onto and covers organs

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3
Q

Where is peritoneal fluid?

A

Between parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

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4
Q

The peritoneal cavity develops from…
It is connected to… at umbilicus until week 10

A

develops from intraembryonic coelom (embryonic body cavity) and is connected to extraembryonic coelom until week 10

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5
Q

Parietal peritoneum/mesothelium is derived from…

A

somatic mesoderm

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6
Q

Visceral peritoneum/mesothelium is derived from…

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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7
Q

Intraperitoneal organs are…

A

nearly completely covered by visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

Where are extraperitoneal organs?
What are their coverings?

A

external to parietal peritoneum, partially covered with visceral peritoneum

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9
Q

Where are retroperitoneal organs?

A

Posterior to parietal peritoneum, against posterior abdominal wall

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10
Q

Describe the coverings of retroperitoneal organs

A

One or part of one organ surface, usually the anterior surface, covered by parietal peritoneum

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11
Q

Where are subperitoneal organs?

A

Inferior to parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

Describe the coverings of subperitoneal organs

A

Superior surface of organ is covered by parietal peritoneum

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13
Q

In the development of the peritoneal cavity, how do developing organs acquire visceral peritoneum covering?

A

They protrude into the peritoneal sac

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14
Q

How do primarily retroperitoneal organs develop in the peritoneal cavity?

A

They do not protrude fully and remain partially behind the parietal peritoneum

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15
Q

How do secondarily retroperitoneal organs develop in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Organs are lying against posterior abdominal wall so their dorsal mesentery fuses with the posterior abdominal wall

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16
Q

Mesenteries are… connecting… containing…

A

Double layers of peritoneum connecting organ to body wall (suspend viscera) containing vessels and nerves

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17
Q

What are reflections in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Bends in the parietal peritoneum following the conical structure of the abdomen

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18
Q

What are recesses in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Spaces created by the parietal peritoneal reflections

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19
Q

Name the peritoneal folds

A
  • Median umbilical fold
  • Medial umbilical folds
  • Lateral Umbilical folds
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20
Q

Where is the median umbilical fold?

A

Apex of bladder to umbilicus covering the median umbilical ligament (remnant of embryonic urachus/allantois)

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21
Q

Where are medial umbilical folds?

A

Covering medial umbilical ligaments (occluded umbilical arteries)

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22
Q

What separates median and medial umbilical folds?

A

Supravesical fossae

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23
Q

Where are lateral umbilical folds?

A

Covering inferior epigastric vessels

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24
Q

Where are the supravesical fossae?

A

Median to medial umbilical folds

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25
Q

Where are the medial inguinal fossae?

A

Medial to lateral umbilical folds; the site of direct inguinal hernias

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26
Q

Where are the lateral inguinal fossae?

A

Lateral to the lateral umbilical folds and contain deep inguinal ring; common site of indirect inguinal hernias

27
Q

What is the blood supply of the parietal peritoneum?

A

Blood supply from branches of body wall vessels

28
Q

Where are somatic afferents of the parietal peritoneum from?

A

Associated spinal nerves

29
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum sense? How is pain perceived?

A

Interior body wall pressure, pain, heat and cold, and laceration are sensed
Pain is well-localized

30
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum sense? How is pain perceived?

A

Not sensitive to touch, heat and cold, or laceration, but stimulated by stretching and chemical irritation
Pain is non-specific; referred discomfort

31
Q

What is the blood supply of visceral peritoneum?

A

Same as viscera

32
Q

Visceral afferents accompany…

A

autonomic nerves (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

33
Q

Ligaments can connect two bones, but some connect…

A

viscera to one another

34
Q

Do mesenteries contain neurovasculature?

A

Yes

35
Q

List the major mesenteries and their associated organs

A
  • Small intestines have principle mesentery (“the mesentery”)
  • Vermiform appendix has mesoappendix
  • Transverse colon has transverse mesocolon
  • Sigmoid colon has sigmoid mesocolon
36
Q

Describe omenta

A

Passes between stomach and other organs and contain neurovasculature

37
Q

How many layers of peritoneum are in the greater omentum?

A

4

38
Q

Where is the greater omentum?

A

Greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum

39
Q

The greater omentum folds back to attach to…

A

transverse colon and transverse mesocolon

40
Q

What structures attach the greater omentum to the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon?

A
  • Gastrophrenic ligament
  • Gastrosplenic ligament
  • Gastrocolic ligament
41
Q

How many layers of peritoneum are in the lesser omentum?

A

2

42
Q

Where is the lesser omentum?

A

Lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver

43
Q

What structures attach the lesser omentum to the stomach and liver?

A
  • Hepatogastric ligament
  • Hepatoduodenal ligament
44
Q

What can be found in the hepatoduodenal ligament (attaching the lesser omentum to the duodenum)?

A

Portal triad

45
Q

The falciform ligament contains…

A

the round ligament of the liver

46
Q

The round ligament of the liver is also know as…

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

47
Q

The round ligament of the liver is a remnant of the…

A

umbilical vein

48
Q

What is the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A

Main portion of cavity

49
Q

The greater sac of the peritoneal cavity is divided by the…

A

transverse colon

50
Q

The supracolic space of the greater sac contains…

A

the stomach, liver, and spleen

51
Q

Where is the infracolic space of the greater sac?

A

Inferior to transverse colon, posterior to greater omentum

52
Q

The infracolic space of the greater sac contains…

A

small intestines, ascending and descending colon

53
Q

The right and left infracolic space of the greater sac is divided by the…

A

principle mesentery

54
Q

Where is the right paracolic gutter?

A

Lateral to ascending colon

55
Q

Where is the left paracolic gutter?

A

Lateral to descending colon

56
Q

Where is the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity (omental bursa)?

A

Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

57
Q

What is the anterior border of the omental foramen?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

58
Q

What is the posterior border of the omental foramen?

A

Retroperitoneal IVC, right crus of diaphragm

59
Q

What is the superior border of the omental foramen?

A

Liver

60
Q

What is the inferior border of the omental foramen?

A

Superior or first part of duodenum

61
Q

What is another name for the omental foramen?

A

Epiploic foramen/foramen of Winslow

62
Q

Which organs do not have a free mesentery in adults?

A

Retroperitoneal organs: kidneys/ureters, duodenum, ascending/descending colon, parts of pancreas, aorta, inferior vena cava, and iliopsoas muscle

63
Q

The omental foramen is bound anteriorly by…

A
  • Hepatic artery
  • Bile duct
  • Portal vein
  • Hepatoduodenal ligament
64
Q

Posterior to the omental foramen is the peritoneum covering…

A

inferior vena cava

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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