Peritoneum Flashcards

(64 cards)

1
Q

Describe the mesothelium of the peritoneum

A

Layer of simple squamous epithelial-like cells with supportive layer of connective tissue

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2
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal: lines the abdominal wall/peritoneal cavity
Visceral: reflects onto and covers organs

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3
Q

Where is peritoneal fluid?

A

Between parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

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4
Q

The peritoneal cavity develops from…
It is connected to… at umbilicus until week 10

A

develops from intraembryonic coelom (embryonic body cavity) and is connected to extraembryonic coelom until week 10

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5
Q

Parietal peritoneum/mesothelium is derived from…

A

somatic mesoderm

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6
Q

Visceral peritoneum/mesothelium is derived from…

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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7
Q

Intraperitoneal organs are…

A

nearly completely covered by visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

Where are extraperitoneal organs?
What are their coverings?

A

external to parietal peritoneum, partially covered with visceral peritoneum

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9
Q

Where are retroperitoneal organs?

A

Posterior to parietal peritoneum, against posterior abdominal wall

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10
Q

Describe the coverings of retroperitoneal organs

A

One or part of one organ surface, usually the anterior surface, covered by parietal peritoneum

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11
Q

Where are subperitoneal organs?

A

Inferior to parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

Describe the coverings of subperitoneal organs

A

Superior surface of organ is covered by parietal peritoneum

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13
Q

In the development of the peritoneal cavity, how do developing organs acquire visceral peritoneum covering?

A

They protrude into the peritoneal sac

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14
Q

How do primarily retroperitoneal organs develop in the peritoneal cavity?

A

They do not protrude fully and remain partially behind the parietal peritoneum

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15
Q

How do secondarily retroperitoneal organs develop in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Organs are lying against posterior abdominal wall so their dorsal mesentery fuses with the posterior abdominal wall

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16
Q

Mesenteries are… connecting… containing…

A

Double layers of peritoneum connecting organ to body wall (suspend viscera) containing vessels and nerves

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17
Q

What are reflections in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Bends in the parietal peritoneum following the conical structure of the abdomen

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18
Q

What are recesses in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Spaces created by the parietal peritoneal reflections

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19
Q

Name the peritoneal folds

A
  • Median umbilical fold
  • Medial umbilical folds
  • Lateral Umbilical folds
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20
Q

Where is the median umbilical fold?

A

Apex of bladder to umbilicus covering the median umbilical ligament (remnant of embryonic urachus/allantois)

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21
Q

Where are medial umbilical folds?

A

Covering medial umbilical ligaments (occluded umbilical arteries)

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22
Q

What separates median and medial umbilical folds?

A

Supravesical fossae

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23
Q

Where are lateral umbilical folds?

A

Covering inferior epigastric vessels

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24
Q

Where are the supravesical fossae?

A

Median to medial umbilical folds

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25
Where are the medial inguinal fossae?
Medial to lateral umbilical folds; the site of direct inguinal hernias
26
Where are the lateral inguinal fossae?
Lateral to the lateral umbilical folds and contain deep inguinal ring; common site of indirect inguinal hernias
27
What is the blood supply of the parietal peritoneum?
Blood supply from branches of body wall vessels
28
Where are somatic afferents of the parietal peritoneum from?
Associated spinal nerves
29
What does the parietal peritoneum sense? How is pain perceived?
Interior body wall pressure, pain, heat and cold, and laceration are sensed Pain is well-localized
30
What does the visceral peritoneum sense? How is pain perceived?
Not sensitive to touch, heat and cold, or laceration, but stimulated by stretching and chemical irritation Pain is non-specific; referred discomfort
31
What is the blood supply of visceral peritoneum?
Same as viscera
32
Visceral afferents accompany...
autonomic nerves (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
33
Ligaments can connect two bones, but some connect...
viscera to one another
34
Do mesenteries contain neurovasculature?
Yes
35
List the major mesenteries and their associated organs
* Small intestines have principle mesentery ("the mesentery") * Vermiform appendix has mesoappendix * Transverse colon has transverse mesocolon * Sigmoid colon has sigmoid mesocolon
36
Describe omenta
Passes between stomach and other organs and contain neurovasculature
37
How many layers of peritoneum are in the greater omentum?
4
38
Where is the greater omentum?
Greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
39
The greater omentum folds back to attach to...
transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
40
What structures attach the greater omentum to the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon?
* Gastrophrenic ligament * Gastrosplenic ligament * Gastrocolic ligament
41
How many layers of peritoneum are in the lesser omentum?
2
42
Where is the lesser omentum?
Lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver
43
What structures attach the lesser omentum to the stomach and liver?
* Hepatogastric ligament * Hepatoduodenal ligament
44
What can be found in the hepatoduodenal ligament (attaching the lesser omentum to the duodenum)?
Portal triad
45
The falciform ligament contains...
the round ligament of the liver
46
The round ligament of the liver is also know as...
ligamentum teres hepatis
47
The round ligament of the liver is a remnant of the...
umbilical vein
48
What is the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity?
Main portion of cavity
49
The greater sac of the peritoneal cavity is divided by the...
transverse colon
50
The supracolic space of the greater sac contains...
the stomach, liver, and spleen
51
Where is the infracolic space of the greater sac?
Inferior to transverse colon, posterior to greater omentum
52
The infracolic space of the greater sac contains...
small intestines, ascending and descending colon
53
The right and left infracolic space of the greater sac is divided by the...
principle mesentery
54
Where is the right paracolic gutter?
Lateral to ascending colon
55
Where is the left paracolic gutter?
Lateral to descending colon
56
Where is the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity (omental bursa)?
Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
57
What is the anterior border of the omental foramen?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
58
What is the posterior border of the omental foramen?
Retroperitoneal IVC, right crus of diaphragm
59
What is the superior border of the omental foramen?
Liver
60
What is the inferior border of the omental foramen?
Superior or first part of duodenum
61
What is another name for the omental foramen?
Epiploic foramen/foramen of Winslow
62
Which organs do not have a free mesentery in adults?
Retroperitoneal organs: kidneys/ureters, duodenum, ascending/descending colon, parts of pancreas, aorta, inferior vena cava, and iliopsoas muscle
63
The omental foramen is bound anteriorly by...
* Hepatic artery * Bile duct * Portal vein * Hepatoduodenal ligament
64
Posterior to the omental foramen is the peritoneum covering...
inferior vena cava