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Gross Anatomy III > Celiac Trunk & Associated Viscera > Flashcards

Celiac Trunk & Associated Viscera Flashcards

Covers celiac trunk, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

1
Q

What are the components of the digestive system in the order they occur?

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestines
  • Large intestines
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2
Q

What are the three components of the small intestines in the order they occur?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
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3
Q

What are the seven components of the large intestines in the order they occur?

A
  • Cecum
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal canal
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4
Q

What is the arterial supply of the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply of the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply of the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

What three arteries will the celiac trunk split into?

A
  • Left gastric artery
  • Splenic artery
  • Common hepatic artery
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8
Q

Besides splenic branches and short gastric arteries, what branches from the splenic artery?

A

Left gastro-omental artery

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9
Q

What two arteries will the common hepatic artery split into?

A
  • Proper hepatic artery
  • Gastroduodenal artery
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10
Q

What are the branches off the proper hepatic artery?

A
  • Right gastric
  • Right hepatic (cystic off this)
  • Left hepatic
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11
Q

What are the branches off the gastroduodenal artery?

A
  • Right gastro-omental
  • Superior pancreaticoduodenal
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12
Q

What level will the esophageal hiatus occur?

A

Level of T10

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13
Q

What ligament can be found at the esophageal hiatus?

A

Phrenico-esophageal ligament

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14
Q

Where is the cardial orifice of the stomach in relation to the skeleton?

A

Left of midline at level of 7th costal cartilage and T11

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15
Q

What is the Z-line of the esophagus?

A

Where the mucosa changes from esophageal to gastric

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16
Q

What are the three esophageal constrictions?

A
  • Cervical (upper esophageal sphincter)
  • Thoracic (broncho-aortic)
  • Diaphragmatic
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17
Q

Where is the cervical esophageal constriction?

A

Pharyngo-esophageal junction

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18
Q

Where is the thoracic esophageal constriction?

A

Aorta and left main bronchus

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19
Q

Where is the diaphragmatic esophageal constriction?

A

Esophageal hiatus

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20
Q

What arteries supply the abdominal portion of the esophagus?

A
  • Left gastric artery
  • Left inferior phrenic artery
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21
Q

What veins drain the abdominal portion of the esophagus?

A
  • Portal system (left gastric vein)
  • Vena caval system (azygos vein)
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22
Q

The esophagus is innervated by the esophageal plexus.
What is the parasympathetic innervation?
What is the sympathetic innervation?

A

Parasympathetic: vagus nerve
Sympathetic: greater splanchnic nerve

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23
Q

What is the lymph supply of the esophagus?

A

Left gastric and celiac lymph nodes

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24
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A
  • Food blender and reservoir (2-3 L of food)
  • Enzymatic digestion (chyme)
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25
Q

What is peristalsis of the stomach?

A

Smooth muscle contractions

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26
Q

What are gastric rugae?

A

Folds in the stomach

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27
Q

Where is the gastric canal?

A

Along the lesser curvature of the stomach

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28
Q

Where is the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Medial/right side closer to abdominal esophagus

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29
Q

Where is the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Lateral/left side of the stomach

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30
Q

What is the cardial orifice?

A

Superior opening of the stomach from the abdominal esophagus

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31
Q

Where is the cardia of the stomach in relation to the skeleton?

A

Posterior to left 6th costal cartilage at the level of T11

32
Q

Where is the fundus of the stomach in relation to the skeleton and the rest of the stomach?

A

Posterior to left 6th rib in MCL plan
Superior to cardia (most superior stomach)

33
Q

What dilates the fundus?

A

Gas, food, or fluid

34
Q

What separates the fundus and esophagus?

A

Cardial notch

35
Q

Where is the body of the stomach in relation to other parts of the stomach?

A

Region between fundus and pyloric antrum

36
Q

What are the components of the pyloric part of the stomach?

A

Pyloric antrum –> pyloric canal –> pyloric sphincter (pylorus)

37
Q

The left and right gastric arteries anastomose… supplying…

A

anastomose along lesser curvature of stomach supplying the stomach

38
Q

The left and right gastro-omental arteries anastomose… supplying…

A

anastomose along greater curvature of stomach supplying the stomach

39
Q

Short and posterior gastric arteries are branches of… supplying…

A

branches of splenic artery supplying the stomach

40
Q

All stomach veins drain to…

A

portal vein

41
Q

Where is the prepyloric vein?

A

Travels over pyloric sphincter to right gastric vein

42
Q

Lymph nodes of the stomach drain to…

A

cisterna chyli

43
Q

The superior 2/3 of the stomach’s lymph drains to…

A

gastric nodes and pancreaticosplenic nodes

44
Q

The right 2/3 of the inferior stomach’s lymph drains to…

A

pyloric nodes

45
Q

The left 1/3 of the inferior stomach’s lymph drains to…

A

pancreaticoduodenal nodes

46
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A
  • Greater splanchnic nerve (T6-T9)
  • Celiac plexus
  • Celiac ganglion
47
Q

What are the parasympathetic trunks innervating the stomach?

A
  • Anterior vagal trunk
  • Posterior vagal trunk
48
Q

The anterior vagal trunk supplies parasympathetic innervation to the stomach.
What are the branches off of this trunk?

A
  • Hepatic
  • Duodenal
  • Anterior gastric
49
Q

The posterior vagal trunk supplies parasympathetic innervation to the stomach.
What are the branches off of this trunk?

A
  • Celiac branch to celiac plexus
  • Posterior gastric branches
50
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

The first and shortest part of the small intestines forming a C around head of the pancreas

51
Q

What are the four anatomical parts of the duodenum?

A
  • Superior
  • Descending
  • Inferior
  • Ascending
52
Q

Where is the superior part of the duodenum in relation to the spine?

A

Anterolateral to L1

53
Q

The first 2cm of the superior part of the duodenum is called…

A

ampulla (duodenal cap)

54
Q

Where is the ampulla in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Intraperitoneal

55
Q

What ligament attaches to the ampulla?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

56
Q

Where is the distal 3cm of the superior duodenum in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

57
Q

Where is the descending duodenum in relation to the spine?

A

Descends along right side of L1-L3

58
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla enters the… of the…

A

the posteromedial wall of the descending duodenum

59
Q

What sphincter is between the hepatopancreatic ampulla and the descending duodenum?

A

Major duodenal papilla/sphincter of Oddi

60
Q

Where is the descending duodenum in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

61
Q

Where is the inferior part of the duodenum in relation to the spine?

A

Crosses L3 vertebrae

62
Q

Where is the inferior duodenum in relation to the pancreas?

A

Inferior to head and uncinate process of pancreas

63
Q

Where is the inferior duodenum in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

64
Q

Where is the ascending part of the duodenum in relation to the spine?

A

Left of L3, then rises to superior border of L2

65
Q

Where is the ascending duodenum in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

66
Q

The ascending duodenum joins the jejunum at…

A

duodenojejunal flexure

67
Q

What ligament can be found at the duodenojejunal flexure?

A

Suspensory ligament of duodenum (ligament of Treitz)

68
Q

Which celiac trunk branches supply the duodenum?

A
  • Gastroduodenal
  • Superior pancreaticoduodenal
69
Q

Which branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the duodenum?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal

70
Q

Veins of the duodenum drain to..

A

portal vein

71
Q

Lymph from the duodenum drains to…

A

celiac nodes

72
Q

Lymph of the anterior duodenum drains to celiac nodes via…

A

pancreaticoduodenal and pyloric

73
Q

Lymph of the posterior duodenum drains to the celiac nodes via…

A

superior mesenteric

74
Q

Where does innervation of the duodenum come from?

A

Celiac and superior mesenteric plexus

75
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the duodenum?

A

Vagus nerve

76
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the duodenum?

A

Greater and lesser splanchnic nerves

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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