Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards
How many deciduous (primary) teeth do we have?
How many permanent (secondary) teeth?
20 deciduous
32 permanent
What are the tissue layers of the teeth?
- Enamel
- Dentine
- Pulp
What are the anatomical parts of the teeth?
- Crown
- Neck
- Root
What are the parts of the tongue?
- Root
- Body
- Apex
- Dorsum of tongue
The root of the tongue is attached to…
mandible and hyoid
Name five structures of the dorsum of tongue
- Sulcus terminalis (terminal sulcus)
- Circumvallate (vallate) papillae
- Filiform papillae
- Fungiform papillae
- Lingual tonsil
What is the function of intrinsic tongue muscles?
Alter the shape of the tongue
What is the function of extrinsic tongue muscles?
Alter the position of the tongue
What is the sensory innervation of the tongue?
Lingual nerve (V3) and glossopharyngeal
What provides taste innervation to the tongue?
Chorda tympani (VII) and glossopharyngeal
What is the motor innervation of the tongue muscles?
Hypoglossal except one is vagus
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
Which tongue muscles depress the tongue?
Genioglossus and hyoglossus
Which tongue muscle works with genioglossus to form a central trough during swallowing?
Styloglossus
Which tongue muscle most commonly acts to constrict the space between oral cavity and oropharynx?
Palatoglossus
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Superior longitudinal
- Inferior longitudinal
- Transverse
- Vertical
Which muscles shorten/retrude the tongue?
Superior and inferior longitudinal
Which tongue muscle curls the tongue longitudinally upward, elevating the apex and sides of the tongue?
Superior longitudinal
Which tongue muscle curls the tongue longitudinally downward, depressing the apex?
Inferior longitudinal
Which tongue muscle narrows and elongates (protrudes) the tongue?
Transverse
Which tongue muscle flattens and broadens the tongue?
Vertical
What structures make up the hard palate?
- Palatine process of maxilla
- Horizontal plate of palatine bone
What are fauces?
Space between oral cavity and pharynx
The uvula and root of tongue are part of which palate?
Soft palate
What are the soft palate muscles?
- Tensor veli palatini
- Levator veli palatini
- Palatoglossus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Musculus uvulae
What innervates tensor veli palatini?
Medial pterygoid nerve (branch of mandibular nerve CN V3) via otic ganglion
What innervates levator veli palatini?
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
What innervates palatoglossus?
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
What innervates palatopharyngeus?
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
What innervates musculus uvulae?
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus
Which muscle tenses the soft palate and opens mouth of pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning?
Tensor veli palatini
Which muscle elevates soft palate during swallowing and yawning?
Levator veli palatini
Which muscle elevates posterior part of tongue and draws soft palate onto tongue?
Palatoglossus
Which muscle tenses soft palate and pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing?
Palatopharyngeus
Which muscle shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly?
Musculus uvulae
What are the salivary glands?
- Parotid glands
- Submandibular glands
- Sublingual glands
What are the functions of saliva?
- Maintains moist environment for oral mucosa
- Lubrication during chewing
- Digestion break down of starches
- Prevention of tooth decay/maintenance of biofilm
Where are sublingual glands?
Floor of oral cavity between mandible and genioglossus
Secretions from the sublingual gland flow through…
several ducts in sublingual folds
What is the blood supply of sublingual glands?
Sublingual and submental arteries
What is the innervation of sublingual glands?
Presynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers from facial, chorda tympani, and lingual nerves that synapse in submandibular ganglion
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
Where is the pharynx?
Extends from cranial base to inferior border of cricoid cartilage/inferior border of C6
Connects with esophagus
What are choanae?
Paired openings between nasal cavity and pharynx
Pharyngeal tonsils are found in what part of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Which part of the pharynx contains the pharyngotympanic tube/auditory tube?
Nasopharynx
Which part of the pharynx contains torus tubarus (torus of pharyngotympanic tube)?
Nasopharynx
What folds are found by the pharyngotympanic tube?
Salpingopharyngeal fold/salpingopharyngeus
Which part of the pharynx has the pharyngeal recess?
Nasopharynx
Which part of the pharynx contains the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches/folds?
Oropharynx
What nerve can be found in the tonsillar bed?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
The tonsillar bed of the oropharynx contains which tonsils?
Palatine tonsils
Describe voluntary deglutition
Bolus against palate pushed into oropharynx by muscles of tongue and soft palate
Describe involuntary and rapid deglutition
Soft palate is elevated
Pharynx widens and shortens elevating the larynx (suprahyoid muscles and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles)
Describe involuntary deglutition
Pharyngeal constrictors sequentially contract to force bolus inferiorly to esophagus
Where is laryngopharynx in relation to the spine?
Area of C4-C6 bodies
The laryngopharynx communicates with larynx through…
laryngeal inlet
What is the piriform recess?
What does it contain?
Depression on either side of laryngeal inlet
Contains internal laryngeal nerve
What are the circular external pharyngeal muscles?
Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
What are the longitudinal internal pharyngeal muscles?
- Palatopharyngeus
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Stylopharyngeus
What is the innervation of superior pharyngeal constrictor?
Pharyngeal branch of vagus (CN X) and pharyngeal plexus
What is the innervation of middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors?
Pharyngeal branch of vagus (CN X) and pharyngeal plexus, plus branches of external and recurrent laryngeal nerves of vagus
What are the main actions of the circular external pharyngeal muscles?
Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
What is the innervation of palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus?
Pharyngeal branch of vagus (CN X) and pharyngeal plexus
What is the innervation of stylopharyngeus?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What are the main actions of the longitudinal internal pharyngeal muscles?
Elevate (shorten and widen) pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
What is pharyngobasilar fascia?
Internal fascia of pharynx
What is buccopharyngeal fascia?
External fascia of pharynx blends with pretracheal fascia
What separates superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors?
Stylopharyngeus and glossopharyngeal nerve
What separates middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors?
Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery
Stylopharyngeus and glossopharyngeal nerve separate…
superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors
Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery separate…
middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Pterygomandibular raphe separates…
buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor
What separates buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor?
Pterygomandibular raphe
