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Gross Anatomy III > Nasal Cavity and Larynx > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is found in the anterior nasal aperture?

A

Nares/nostrils

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2
Q

What structure is found in the posterior nasal aperture?

A

Choanae

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3
Q

What is the relevant osteology of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal bones, frontal and palatine processes (maxillae), nasal spine (frontal), cribriform plate (ethmoid), horizontal plate (palatine)

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4
Q

What is the nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer dividing nasal cavity into left and right

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5
Q

What is the root of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid and body of sphenoid

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6
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Hard palate

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7
Q

What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal septum

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8
Q

What is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal conchae

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9
Q

What are the nasal cartilages?

A
  • Two lateral cartilages
  • Two alar cartilages
  • One septal cartilage
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10
Q

What opening is found in the superior conchae and meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal sinuses opening

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11
Q

Where can the posterior ethmoidal sinuses opening be found?

A

Superior conchae and meatus

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12
Q

Where can the opening for frontal and maxillary sinuses be found?

A

Semilunar hiatus of middle conchae and meatus

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13
Q

What opening is found in the semilunar hiatus of the middle conchae and meatus?

A

Opening for frontal and maxillary sinuses

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14
Q

What are two parts of the middle conchae and meatus?

A
  • Ethmoidal bulla
  • Semilunar hiatus
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15
Q

What opening is found in the inferior conchae and meatus?

A

Opening for nasolacrimal duct

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16
Q

Where is the opening for nasolacrimal duct?

A

Inferior conchae and meatus

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17
Q

What opening is found in the sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

Opening for sphenoidal sinus

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18
Q

Where is the opening for sphenoidal sinus?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

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19
Q

Name four nasal cavity arteries

A
  • Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
  • Sphenopalatine artery
  • Greater palatine artery
  • Facial artery branches
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20
Q

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries arise from…

A

ophthalmic artery

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21
Q

What are the facial artery branches supplying the nasal cavity?

A
  • Superior labial artery
  • Lateral nasal artery
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22
Q

What are three structures draining the nasal cavity (of blood)?

A
  • Pterygoid plexus
  • Cavernous sinuses
  • Facial vein
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23
Q

The veins draining to the pterygoid plexus travel with…

A

maxillary artery branches

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24
Q

The veins draining to the cavernous sinuses travel with…

A

ophthalmic artery branches

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25
Q

The veins draining to the facial vein travel with…

A

facial artery branches

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the anterosuperior region of the nasal cavity? Include branches

A

Ophthalmic nerve (V1) which branches into anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and nasociliary nerve

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the posteroinferior region of the nasal cavity? Include branches

A

Maxillary nerve (V2) which branches into nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves

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28
Q

The nasal cavity is continuous posteriorly with…

A

nasopharynx

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29
Q

What is the pyramidal space inferior to orbit and medial to infratemporal fossa?

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

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30
Q

What is contained in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Third (terminal) part of maxillary artery and maxillary nerve (V2)

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31
Q

The third part of the maxillary artery is also called…

A

pterygo-palatine part

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32
Q

The third part of the maxillary artery passes through ___ into ___ via ___

A

passes through infratemporal fossa into pterygopalatine fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure

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33
Q

What are the branches off the third part of the maxillary artery?

A
  • Sphenopalatine artery
  • Descending palatine artery (greater and lesser palatine artery branches off)
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34
Q

The maxillary nerve exits the skull through…

A

foramen rotundum

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35
Q

The maxillary nerve gives off which nerve in pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Zygomatic nerve

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36
Q

The zygomatic nerve divides into…

A

zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves

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37
Q

The zygomaticotemporal nerve conveys ___to ___

A

conveys postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal gland

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38
Q

The maxillary nerve suspends…

A

pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion

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39
Q

When the maxillary nerve leaves through the inferior orbital fissure, it becomes…

A

infraorbital nerve

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40
Q

The nerve of pterygoid canal (vidian nerve) is formed by…

A

greater petrosal nerve and deep petrosal nerve

41
Q

The greater petrosal nerve and deep petrosal nerve forms…

A

vidian nerve (nerve of pterygoid canal)

42
Q

The pterygopalatine ganglion provides sensory innervation to…

A

nasal cavity, palate, and superior pharynx

43
Q

The pterygopalatine ganglion provides parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation to…

A

lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands, and mucosa

44
Q

Which ganglion provides secretomotor parasympathetic innervation to the nasal cavity?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

45
Q

Which ganglion provides vasoconstrictive sympathetic innervation to the nasal cavity?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

46
Q

What is considered the “voice box” or organ of voice production?

A

Larynx

47
Q

Where is the larynx in relation to the spine?

A

Along the midline anterior to C3-C6 (anterior to esophagus)

48
Q

The larynx connects which two structures?

A

Oropharynx to trachea

49
Q

What are the nine cartilages of the larynx?

A

Unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
Paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

50
Q

How do arytenoid cartilages move?

A

Slide towards or away from each other, tilt anteriorly or posteriorly, and rotate to approximate, tense, or relax the vocal folds

51
Q

The median glossoepiglottic fold and lateral glossoepiglottic fold meet at the…

A

vallecula

52
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngeal inlet?

A

Epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold

53
Q

Below the vestibule/vestibular ligament are what immediate three structures?

A
  • Vestibular fold
  • Ventricle
  • Vocal fold
54
Q

What are the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx?

A
  • Quadrate membrane
  • Conus elasticus
55
Q

Where is the quadrate membrane of the larynx?

A

Between aryepiglottic fold and vestibular fold

56
Q

Conus elasticus of the larynx forms…

A

vocal fold and rima glottis (opening between vocal folds)

57
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Infrahyoid muscles and suprahyoid muscles

58
Q

What is the function of infrahyoid muscles?

A

Depress the hyoid and larynx

59
Q

What is the function of suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevate hyoid and larynx

60
Q

What is the innervation of cricothyroid?

A

External laryngeal nerve (from CN X)

61
Q

What are the main actions of cricothyroid?

A

Stretches and tenses vocal ligament

62
Q

What is the innervation of thyroarytenoid?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X)

63
Q

What is the main action of thyroarytenoid?

A

Relaxes vocal ligament

64
Q

What is the innervation of posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X)

65
Q

What is the main action of posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Abducts vocal folds

66
Q

What is the innervation of lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X)

67
Q

What is the main action of lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

Adducts vocal folds (interligamentous portion)

68
Q

What is the innervation of transverse and oblique arytenoids?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X)

69
Q

What are the main actions of transverse and oblique arytenoids?

A

Adduct arytenoid cartilages (adducting intercartilaginous portion of vocal folds, closing posterior rima glottidis)

70
Q

What is the innervation of vocalis?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X)

71
Q

What are the main actions of vocalis?

A

Relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining (or increasing) tension of anterior part

72
Q

Which laryngeal muscles are adductors?

A
  • Lateral cricoarytenoid
  • Transverse and oblique arytenoid
  • Thyroarytenoid
73
Q

Which laryngeal muscle is the “whisperer”?

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid

74
Q

Which laryngeal muscle is an abductor?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

75
Q

Which laryngeal muscle is a tensor?

A

Cricothyroid

76
Q

Which laryngeal muscle is a relaxer?

A

Thyroarytenoid

77
Q

Which laryngeal muscle raises pitch?

A

Cricothyroid

78
Q

Which laryngeal muscle lowers pitch?

A

Thyroarytenoid

79
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal nerve)

80
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the larynx below the vocal cords?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve )

81
Q

What is the primary motor nerve of the larynx?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve)

82
Q

The trachea extends from…

A

inferior end of larynx

83
Q

Where is the trachea in relation to the spine?

A

C6 to T4/T5

84
Q

The trachea receives sensory and parasympathetic innervation from…

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

85
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the trachea?

A

Cervical sympathetic trunk

86
Q

The esophagus extends from ___ to ___

A

inferior end of cricoid cartilage (C6) to stomach

87
Q

The esophagus receives somatic motor, sensory, and parasympathetic innervation from…

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

88
Q

What is the vasomotor sympathetic innervation of the esophagus?

A

Cervical sympathetic trunk

89
Q

The external ear includes…

A
  • auricle/pinna (elastic cartilage)
  • external acoustic meatus
90
Q

The external ear is innervated by…

A

greater auricular nerve and auriculotemporal nerve

91
Q

Maximum convexity of tympanic membrane is called…

A

umbo

92
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

93
Q

Where is the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Middle ear

94
Q

What is the innervation of stapedius?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

95
Q

What is the innervation of tensor tympani?

A

V3

96
Q

Where can chorda tympani be found?

A

Middle ear

97
Q

Where can tympanic plexus be found?

A

Middle ear

98
Q

Tympanic plexus comes from which cranial nerve?

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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