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Gross Anatomy III > Deep Neck > Flashcards

Deep Neck Flashcards

1
Q

The root of the neck is the area immediately superior to…

A

superior thoracic aperture and axillary inlet

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2
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the root of neck?

A

Superior margin of manubrium, sternum, and clavicle

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3
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the root of neck?

A

Body of T1

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4
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the root of neck?

A

Superior margins and costal cartilages of ribs 1 and 2

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5
Q

Name four prevertebral muscles of the root of neck that are posterior to retropharyngeal space and medial to neurovascular plane

A
  • Longus coli
  • Longus capitis
  • Rectus capitus anterior
  • Anterior scalene
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6
Q

Name five prevertebral muscles of the root of neck that are posterior to neurovascular plane

A
  • Rectus capitus lateralis
  • Splenius capitus
  • Levator scapulae
  • Middle scalene
  • Posterior scalene
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7
Q

What is the superior attachment of longus colli?

A

Anterior tubercle of C1, bodies of C1-C3 and transverse processes of C3-C6

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8
Q

What is the inferior attachment of longus colli?

A

Bodies of C5-T3, transverse processes of C3-C5

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9
Q

What is the superior attachment of longus capitis?

A

Basilar part of occipital bone

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10
Q

What is the inferior attachment of longus capitis?

A

Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 transverse processes

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11
Q

What is the superior attachment of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Base of cranium, just anterior to occipital condyle

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12
Q

What is the inferior attachment of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Anterior surface of lateral mass of C1

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13
Q

What is the superior attachment of anterior scalene?

A

Transverse processes of C3-C6

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14
Q

What is the inferior attachment of anterior scalene?

A

1st rib

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15
Q

What innervates longus colli?

A

Anterior rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves

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16
Q

What are the main actions of longus colli?

A

Flex neck with rotation to opposite side if acting unilaterally

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17
Q

What innervates longus capitis?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves

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18
Q

What is the main action of longus capitis?

A

Flex head

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19
Q

What innervates rectus capitis anterior?

A

Branches from loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves

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20
Q

What is the main action of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Flex head

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21
Q

What innervates anterior scalene?

A

Cervical spinal nerves C4-C6

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22
Q

What is the main action of anterior scalene?

A

Flex head

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23
Q

Longus colli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, and anterior scalene are muscles of which cervical triangle?

A

Posterior triangle

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24
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene, and posterior scalene are muscles of which cervical triangle?

A

Posterior triangle

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25
Q

What is the superior attachment of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Jugular process of occipital bone

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26
Q

What is the inferior attachment of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Transverse process of C1

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27
Q

What is the inferior attachment of splenius capitis?

A

Inferior half of nuchal ligament and spinous processes of superior six thoracic vertebrae

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28
Q

What is the superior attachment of splenius capitis?

A

Lateral aspect of mastoid process and lateral third of superior nuchal line

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29
Q

What is the superior attachment of levator scapulae?

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C6

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29
Q

What is the inferior attachment of levator scapulae?

A

Superior part of medial border of scapula

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30
Q

What is the superior attachment shared between middle and posterior scalenes?

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7

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31
Q

What is the inferior attachment of middle scalene?

A

Superior surface of 1st rib, posterior to groove for subclavian artery

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32
Q

What is the inferior attachment of posterior scalene?

A

External border of 2nd rib

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33
Q

What innervates rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Branches from loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves

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34
Q

What are the main actions of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Flexes head and helps stabilize it

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35
Q

What innervates splenius capitis?

A

Posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

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36
Q

What are the main actions of splenius capitis?

A

Laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side; acting bilaterally, extends head and neck

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37
Q

What innervates levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C5 and cervical spinal nerves C3 and C4

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38
Q

What are the main actions of levator scapulae?

A

Downward rotation of scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

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39
Q

What innervates middle scalene?

A

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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40
Q

What are the main actions of middle scalene?

A

Flexes neck laterally; elevates first rib during forced inspiration

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41
Q

What innervates posterior scalene?

A

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8

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42
Q

What are the main actions of posterior scalene?

A

Flexes neck laterally; elevates second rib during forced inspiration

43
Q

The right subclavian artery branches from…

A

brachiocephalic trunk

44
Q

The left subclavian artery branches from…

A

arch of the aorta

45
Q

What are the three parts of the subclavian artery in relation to anterior scalene?

A
  1. Medial to anterior scalene
  2. Deep to anterior scalene
  3. Lateral to anterior scalene
46
Q

What will branch from the subclavian artery medial to anterior scalene?

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Internal thoracic artery
  • Thyrocervical trunk
47
Q

What will branch from the subclavian artery deep to anterior scalene?

A

Costocervical trunk

48
Q

What will branch from the subclavian artery lateral to anterior scalene?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

49
Q

The vertebral artery will branch from the subclavian medial to anterior scalene
What are the parts of the vertebral artery?

A
  • Cervical part
  • Vertebral part
  • Suboccipital part
  • Cranial part
50
Q

The cervical part of the vertebral artery ascends between…

A

scalenes and longus coli muscles

51
Q

The vertebral part of the vertebral artery passes through…

A

transverse foramen of C6-C1

52
Q

The suboccipital part of the vertebral artery passes over ___ to enter ___

A

the groove for vertebral artery on C1 posterior arch to enter foramen magnum

53
Q

The right and left cranial parts of the vertebral artery join to form…

A

basilar artery

54
Q

The thyrocervical trunk branches off the subclavian artery medial to anterior scalene
What branches from the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  • Inferior thyroid artery
  • Ascending cervical artery
  • Suprascapular artery
  • Transverse cervical artery
55
Q

The dorsal scapular artery is a deep branch of…

A

transverse cervical artery which branches off the thyrocervical trunk (which branches from subclavian artery)
…or it can come directly from the subclavian

56
Q

The costocervical trunk branches from the subclavian artery deep to anterior scalene
What branches from the costocervical trunk?

A
  • Superior intercostal artery
  • Deep cervical artery
57
Q

What are the main veins of the root of neck?

A
  • External jugular vein
  • Anterior jugular vein
  • Internal jugular vein
58
Q

The internal jugular vein is deep to…

A

SCM

59
Q

The internal jugular vein terminates at what spinal level?

A

T1

60
Q

The internal jugular vein unites with subclavian vein at venous angle to form…

A

brachiocephalic vein

61
Q

What two veins unite to form the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein at venous angle

62
Q

The subclavian vein is separated from the artery by…

A

anterior scalene muscle

63
Q

What are the pericervical lymph nodes?

A
  • Submental
  • Submandibular
  • Parotid
  • Mastoid
  • Occipital
64
Q

Superficial lymph vessels follow…

A

veins

65
Q

Deep lymph vessels follow…

A

arteries

66
Q

All lymphatics of the neck drain into…

A

deep cervical lymph nodes along internal jugular vein

67
Q

In the carotid triangle, the internal jugular vein lies lateral to the ___ artery

A

common carotid

68
Q

The bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries occurs at what spinal level?

A

C3-C4

69
Q

The external carotid artery lies ___ to the posterior belly of the digastric

A

deep

70
Q

In the carotid sheath, the vagus nerve lies between…

A

internal jugular vein and common carotid artery

71
Q

Vagus nerve is in the ___ part of carotid sheath

A

posterior

72
Q

The right vagus passes anterior to ___ to enter thorax

A

passes anterior to 1st part of subclavian artery to enter thorax

73
Q

The left vagus passes between ___ and ___ to enter thorax

A

passes between left common carotid and left subclavian to enter thorax

74
Q

Where is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Loops around right subclavian artery (T1-T2)

75
Q

Where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Loops around arch of aorta (T4-T5)

76
Q

Both recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend in ___ to supply ___

A

ascend in tracheo-esophageal groove to supply trachea, esophagus, and larynx

77
Q

Where is the inferior nodose ganglion (sensory ganglion)?

A

At jugular foramen

78
Q

Does the cervical sympathetic trunk receive white rami communicantes?

A

No

79
Q

What spinal level is the superior cervical ganglion?

A

C1-C2

80
Q

Which ganglion is associated with postganglionic fibers for internal carotid plexus?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

81
Q

Which ganglion is associated with arterial branches to external carotid artery branches?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

82
Q

Which ganglion is associated with gray rami to C1-C4 spinal nerves?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

83
Q

Which ganglion is associated with superior cervical cardiac nerve?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

84
Q

Which ganglion is associated with postganglionic fibers for gray rami of C5-C6 spinal nerves?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

85
Q

Which ganglion is associated with middle cervical cardiac nerve?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

86
Q

Which ganglion is associated with arterial plexus to thyroid gland?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

87
Q

Which cervical ganglion is the smallest and may be absent?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

88
Q

Where is the middle cervical ganglion?

A

At level of cricoid cartilage and TP of C6

89
Q

In 80% of individuals, inferior cervical ganglion fuses with ___ to form ___

A

inferior cervical ganglion fuses with T1 ganglion to form cervicothoracic ganglion (stellate ganglion)

90
Q

Where is the inferior cervical ganglion?

A

Anterior to TP of C7 and posterior to vertebral artery

91
Q

Which ganglion is associated with postganglionic fibers for gray rami of C7-C8 spinal nerves?

A

Inferior cervical ganglion

92
Q

Which ganglion is associated with inferior cervical cardiac nerve?

A

Inferior cervical ganglion

93
Q

Which ganglion is associated with arterial branches to vertebral artery?

A

Inferior cervical ganglion

94
Q

What is ansa subclavia?

A

Nerve loop that connects middle and inferior cervical ganglia
Loops around the subclavian artery (each of them)

95
Q

What viscera is within the endocrine layer of the neck?

A

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

96
Q

What viscera is within the respiratory layer of the neck?

A

Larynx and trachea

97
Q

What viscera is within the alimentary layer of the neck?

A

Pharynx and esophagus

98
Q

What is the largest endocrine gland?

A

Thyroid gland

99
Q

Where is the thyroid gland?

A

At level of C5-T1 anterolateral to larynx and trachea

100
Q

Right and left lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by…

A

isthmus (at 2nd -3rd tracheal rings)

101
Q

The thyroid gland is surrounded by…

A

fibrous capsule

102
Q

What arteries supply the thyroid gland and where do they branch from?

A
  • Superior thyroid (external carotid artery branch)
  • Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk branch)
103
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands?

A

External to thyroid capsule on posterior surface of thyroid gland

104
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

Bilateral pairs: superior and inferior glands

105
Q

Parathyroid hormone excretion regulates…

A

serum calcium

106
Q

What artery supplies the parathyroid glands?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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