Sleep Deprivation

Question 1

Microsleep

Answer 1

A means of sleep recovery. After 3-4 days of sleep deprivation people will engage in microsleeps. Brief (3-15 secs), involuntary period of sleep that occurs while a person appears to be awake. EEG pattern resembles stage 1 or 2 NREM. Particularly dangerous while driving.

Question 2

BAC

Answer 2

Blood Alcohol Concentration. A measure of the amount of alcohol present in the bloodstream.

Question 3

Partial Sleep Deprivation

Answer 3

A state that occurs when an individual has some but an inadequate amount of sleep for age in terms of quantity or quality in a 24-hour period. Very common. When deprived of sleep participants fail to complete simple, monotonous repetitive tasks. Interestingly, however, short performances on more physically or intellectually challenging tasks are usually not affected.

Question 4

Sleep Deprivation

Answer 4

A state that occurs when an individual does not get a necessary or desired amount of sleep. Can be partial or total.

Question 5

Sleep Deprivation Psychosis

Answer 5

A state that can occur after total sleep deprivation where an individual experiences loss of personal identify and difficulty coping in their environment.

Question 6

Total Sleep Deprivation

Answer 6

A state in which an individual does not sleep for an entire 24-hour period for either one night or several nights in a row.

Question 7

Physiological effects of partial sleep deprivation

Answer 7

• fatigue
• trembling hands
• drooping eyelids
• staring and inability to focus the eyes
• slurred speech
• lack of energy
• increased pain sensitivity
• headaches

Question 8

three psychological effects of partial sleep deprivation

Answer 8

Affective/Emotional
Behavioural
Cognitive

Question 9

Affective/Emotional for partial

Answer 9

Mood changes, heightened anxiety/depression, irritability, and lack of motivation.

Question 10

Behavioural for partial

Answer 10

Slower reaction times, clumsiness, and risk-taking behaviours.

Question 11

Cognitive for partial

Answer 11

Lack of concentration, impaired memory (trouble with encoding, not retrieval), illogical/irrational thoughts, poor decision-making, and trouble with simple, monotonous tasks.

Question 12

REM Deprivation

Answer 12

– Loss of motor coordination;
– poor concentration;
– poor memory;
– Irritability;
– and a tendency to hallucinate.

REM is said to be responsible for psychological wellbeing.

Question 13

NREM Deprivation

Answer 13

During NREM stage 3 and 4 growth hormones are released and this assists in the growth and repair of the body. A loss of NREM may prevent restoration of the body and its ability to replenish energy supplies.

Question 14

Death… Total sleep deprivation and non-human studies

Answer 14

Can have detrimental effects on the body both physically and psychologically and is theorised to potentially lead to death.

– Sleep deprived rats were unable to maintain a constant body temperature and eventually died after 2-3 weeks of no sleep.
– In other studies, autopsies showed that their immune systems collapsed, resulting in blood poisoning and death.

Question 15

What leads to sleep deprivation psychosis and what that results in

Answer 15

A few days without sleep can lead to sleep deprivation psychosis, resulting in – depersonalisation (loss of personal identity) and difficulty coping

Question 16

Effects of total sleep deprivation

Answer 16

depression, 
anxiety, 
hypertension, 
obesity, 
diabetes and more

Question 17

Amount of sleep required (Recovery pattern)

Answer 17

Fall asleep faster. Total time asleep is prolonged but do not need to make up total amount. Major improvements in mood, cognitive performance, and physiological functioning. No long term effects.

Question 18

REM rebound

Answer 18

If we have missed a period of REM sleep, then REM rebound may occur.
– i.e. our bodies need to specifically catch up on REM sleep.
– Dream intensity during REM rebound also tends to increase.

Question 19

When do the effects of deprivation disappear

Answer 19

The effects of sleep deprivation disappear after one night of uninterrupted sleep!

Question 20

sleep vs bac in regards to risk of accident

Answer 20

.05 = 17 hours of sleeplessness
.08 = 21 hours

Question 21

What is effected when having an alcohol of .05

Answer 21

Cognition – logical reasoning and complex thought Concentration – wandering mind and lack of attention Mood – restless and irritable

Question 22

Chronic sleep deprivation

Answer 22

Not having enough sleep over an extended period of time.

Question 23

Sleep debt

Answer 23

The accumulated amount of sleep loss from insufficient sleep. Not getting enough sleep night after night adds to this sleep debt. If you have been missing out on one hour of sleep for seven nights in a row, you definitely need extra sleep but not an extra seven hours.

Question 24

Factors that effect how much sleep we need

Answer 24

Age
Genetic
Lifestyle

Question 25

Age

Answer 25

As a guide, most teenagers need 9–10 hours of sleep per night. A young child needs more and an adult needs less to perform at their best.

Question 26

Lifestyle

Answer 26

Our lifestyle influences the amount of sleep we need. For instance working day or night shifts influences our individual need for sleep. People tend to alter their sleep routines as responsibilities, relationships and stressors change with age. However, good sleepers are more likely to have a regular bedtime and rise time than poor sleepers.

Question 27

Partial sleep deprivation recovery

Answer 27

Usually, a good night’s sleep and being able to sleep in is enough to recover from sleep deprivation. Depending on the amount of sleep deprivation, a few more nights of slightly longer sleep than usual may be required. Most sleep deprivation effects are temporary and we are likely to fully recover without any long-term psychological and physiological problems.