Practice qs ascs Flashcards
1
EEG: fast, irregular, unsynchronised, low-amplitude waves
EMG: little or no muscle movement
2
EEG: slow, regular, synchronised, high-amplitude waves
EMG: limited and irregular muscle movement
Researchers conducted an investigation into states of consciousness with two groups of healthy 30-year-old adults with no history of disease or injury to the brain. The recordings from the electroencephalograph (EEG) and electromyograph (EMG) for participants from each group are summarised in the table below.
Identify the state of consciousness that the participants from each group were likely to be experiencing. Justify your response.
Participants in Group 1 were likely to be experiencing an altered state of consciousness/REM sleep as their EEG recordings showed fast, irregular, unsynchronised, low amplitude waves along with EMG recordings showing little or no muscle movement (that are typically associated with REM sleep).
Participants in Group 2 were likely to be experiencing an altered state of consciousness/slow wave sleep/Stage 3 or 4 sleep as their EEG recordings showed slow, regular, synchronised, high amplitude waves along with EMG recordings showing limited and irregular muscle movement (that are typically associated with slow wave sleep/Stage 3/Stage 4 sleep).
1
EEG: fast, irregular, unsynchronised, low-amplitude waves
EMG: little or no muscle movement
2
EEG: slow, regular, synchronised, high-amplitude waves
EMG: limited and irregular muscle movement
Researchers conducted an investigation into states of consciousness with two groups of healthy 30-year-old adults with no history of disease or injury to the brain. The recordings from the electroencephalograph (EEG) and electromyograph (EMG) for participants from each group are summarised in the table below.
Describe what a typical electro-oculargraph (EOG) recording would show for each group.
As participants in Group 1 are likely to be in REM sleep, an EOG would show high levels of electrical activity in the muscles that control eye movement (high frequency, low amplitude waves) indicating rapid eye movement.
As participants in Group 2 are likely to be in NREM Stage 3/Stage 4 sleep, an EOG would show very low electrical activity in the muscles that control eye movement (few waves/little electrical activity in the muscles around the eye) indicating little or no eye movement.
Ernie started a new job working regular night shifts in a factory. In his new job he is required to operate a
machine.
a. When sleeping during the day, Ernie experienced an increase in the number of memorable and vivid dreams compared to when he was sleeping at night.
With reference to the characteristics and patterns of sleep, explain why Ernie experienced this increase in dreams.
Ernie will experience an increase in REM due to partial sleep deprivation.
REM rebound occurs with sleep deprivation, with an increase in time spent in REM sleep.
REM sleep is when dreaming occurs and results in an increase in (vivid/memorable) dreams.
Ernie started a new job working regular night shifts in a factory. In his new job he is required to operate a
machine.
Ernie persevered with his new job for six months but found it difficult to cope with working night shifts for extended periods. He finally started looking for another job as he was worried that he might eventually become involved in an accident.
State one physiological effect of long-term sleep deprivation and identify one reason why it may increase the likelihood of Ernie injuring himself or someone else at work.
decreased alertness – cannot respond quickly or move out of the way of danger in the factory setting
cognitive impairment, poor concentration, memory impairment resulting in accident while operating machinery
