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RAD414 pt 2 > skull and foramina > Flashcards

skull and foramina Flashcards

1
Q

find a diagram and locate all skill and facial anatomy

A
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2
Q

what are the 6 cranial bones

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • temporal
  • sphenois
  • ethmoid
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3
Q

what are the 5 facial bones

A
  • lacrimal
  • nasal
  • maxillary
  • zygomatic
  • mandible
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4
Q

what 2 cranial bones does the coronal suture seperate

A

frontal and parietal

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5
Q

what bone does the saggital suture seperate

A

the left and right parietal bone

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6
Q

what skull bones do the lambdoid suture seperate

A

parietal and occipital bone

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7
Q

what bones does the occipital mastoid suture seperate

A

occipital and mastoid part of temporal bone

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8
Q

what bones does the squamous suture seperate

A
  • temporal and parietal

(squamous part of temporal bone from parietal)

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9
Q

what do you call the junction where the coronal and sagittal suture meet

A

bregma (top of head)

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10
Q

what do you call the junction where the lambdoid and sagittal suture meets

A

lambda

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11
Q

what do you call the junction where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bone meet

A

pterion

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12
Q

what part of the skull is the weakest part

A

pterion junction

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13
Q

what structure lays beneath the pterion junction

A
  • anterior division of the middle meningeal artery
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14
Q

a blow to the pterion junction can cause a middle meningeal artery rupture

A
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15
Q

what is a fontanelle

A

spaces between the bones of the skull where bone formation isn’t complete in foetus

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16
Q

what are the 4 fontanelles of foetuses

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • sphenoid
  • mastoid
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17
Q

what what ages do the different fontanelles fuse

A

anterior = 1-2 yrs old

posterior = 2-3 months

sphenoid = 6 months

mastoid = 6-18 months

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18
Q

what suture do infants have that adults dont

A

metopic

19
Q

what does it mean if you see a depressed anterior fontanelle in a baby

A
  • dehydrated, malnutrition
20
Q

what does it mean if u see a bulging anterior fontanelle

A
  • raised intracranial pressure e.g meningitis
21
Q

the fontanelles can be used as ‘windows’ to undertake ultrasound assessment of underlying brain

cranial ultrasound cant be done one fontanelle have fused as US waves cannot penetrate through bone

A
22
Q

by what age should the metopic suture in babies be closed by

A

9 months

23
Q

keep in mind that metopic suture may persist (only in 3%) and be mistaken for a frontal lobe fracture or frontal sinus agenesis/ hypoplasia

A
24
Q

what is hypoplasia

A

the incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue

25
Q

what is frontal sinus agenesis

A

The absence of a frontal sinus makes the skull more heavy and increases the sense of frontal headache

26
Q

what can premature closure of the metopic suture (craniosynostosis) result in and what is this

A

trigonocephaly

  • triangular apperance of the frontal skull
27
Q

besides the pterion junction, where is another weak part in the skull

A
  • cribriform plate (located in the anterior cranial fossa)
28
Q

what are the 2 foramina found in the anterior crania fossa

A
  • cribriform plate
  • optical canal
29
Q

what are the 4 foramen found in the middle cranial fossa

A
  • foramen rotundum
  • fortamen ovale
  • foramen spinosum
  • foramen lacerum
30
Q

what are the 4 foramen found in the posterior cranial fossa

A
  • internal acoustic meatus
  • foramen magnum
  • jugular foramen
  • hypoglossal canal
31
Q

what are the 4 bones that form the roof and floor of the nasal canal

A

nasal
ethmoid
maxilla
palatine

32
Q

what 2 tissue structures are found in the nasal canal

A

nasal septum
nasal turbinates

33
Q

what are the 4 bones and singular cartilage that make up the nasal septum

A
  • perpendicular plate of ethmoid
  • septal cartilage
  • vomer
  • maxilla
  • palatine bone
34
Q

what are the 4 sinuses found in the face

A

frontal
ethmoid
sphenois
maxilla

35
Q

give some reasons for the function of the paranasal sinuses

A
  • humifidying/heating air
  • resonance to noise
  • providing maximal strength for minimal material
  • reduction of skull weight
  • increasing facial dimension for origin of cranial muscle
  • evolutionary remnants
36
Q

which sinus would not be visible for an AP xray of the face

A

sphenoidal sinus

37
Q

note that sinuses are very small at birth so you will not be able to see them in xray of newborn

A
38
Q

when you look at paranasal sinuses, what is the first thing you investigate

A

symmetry of the sinueses

39
Q

what is sinusitis

A

inflamed sinuses

40
Q

what does sinusitis look like on CT and why

A

grey area as a result of excess mucus or swelling of tissue linings

  • swelling can cause obstruction of passage to nasal cavity thus favouring infection to grow
41
Q

what is the uncinate processes

A

thing bone/ hook on the medial wall of the maxillary sinuses just below the connection with the nasal cavity

42
Q

how can the variation in the length of the uncinate process cause pathology

A

if the uncinate process is very long, the passage from the maxillary sinuses to middle meatus is narrow and might get more easily obstructed , mucus can cause inflammation

43
Q
A

RAD414 pt 2 (33 decks)

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