neck anatomy Flashcards
identify the following structures:
- cervical spine and hyoid bone
- major muscle of neck
- oesophagus
- epiglottis
- larynx
- trachea
- major vessels and lymph nodes
of the neck
what are the 3 borders that make the anterior triangle of the neck
superiorly = mandible
medially = midline of neck
laterally = anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
what are the 3 borders that make the posterior triangle of the neck
inferiorly = clavicle
medially = posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
laterally = anterior border of the trapezius muscle
identify where the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscle is located
which of the internal and external jugular vein is found in the anterior/posterior triangle or none
internal = anterior
external = posterior
which if cricoid cartilage, larynx, oesophagus, lungs is found in the anterior/posterior triangle or none
cricoid = anterior
larynx = anterior
oesophagus = anterior
lungs = neither
which of the strap muscles, hyoid bone, sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscle or thyroid cartilage is found in the anterior/posterior triangle or none
strap muscle= anterior
hyoid bone = anterior
sternocleidomastoid = none
trapezius = none
thyroid cartilage = anterior
which of the trachea, thyroid gland, common coratid, subclavian artery is found in the anterior/posterior triangle or none
trachea = anterior
thyroid gland = anterior
common coratid = anterior
subclavian = posterior
what are the 8 major nodes of the neck
- submental
- submandibular
- preauricular
- mastoid
- jugulo-digastric
- anterior deep cervial chain
- posterior cervical chain
- supraclavicular
which node found in the neck is the one that enlarges when u have a sore throat
jugulo-digastric
what is fascia
band of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place.
- separates, supports and interconnects organs and structures
why is fascia made of slippery cells
so structures can slide over each other and dont get trapped
what are 2 reasons as to why fascia is of clinical importance
- forms compartments that can be separated by blunt dissection during surgery
- limits infection to within the fascia compartment or between fascia planes
if malignancy hasn’t spread beyond a fascial plane, surgical clearance can be done more easily
what are the 4 fascial sub-compartments of the deep cervical fascia
- pre-tracheal
- carotid sheat
- pre-vertebral
- investing layer
what is the superficial cervical fascia continuous with
superficial thoracic fascia
what is the prevertebral fascia (found as part of the deep neck fascia) continuous with
axillary sheath
what is found within the carotid sheath (fascia)
carotid artery, vagus nerve and deep cervical lymph nodes, internal jugular vein
what is found within the pre-vertebral fascia
postural muscles of back and vertebrae
what is found within the investing layer (fascia)
all the deep cervical fascia
- carotid sheet and its contents
- pre-vertebral fascia and its ocntents
- pre-trachea fascia and its contents
- and all the muscles of the neck
what is the superficial cervical fascia and what does it contain
- flimsy layer of fascia under the skin
- contains :
- platysma
- fat
- nerve and vessel supplying skin
- superficial veins
- superficial lymph nodes
what is platysma
a broad sheet of muscle fibres extending from the collar bone to the angle of the jaw.
what 4 fascial layers/spaces can allow spread of infection into the mediastinum
- pre-tracheal layer
- pre-tracheal space
- retropharyngeal space
- carotid sheath
note the carotid sheet also gives potential for intracranial spread
define retropharyngeal space
- space between the pre-tracheal and pre-vertebral fascia
where does the retropharyngeal space end inferiorly
T1-T6
why is the retropharyngeal space considered a danger space for the spread of infecton
- as it contains loose areolar tissue which forms a perfect route for infection to spread to both sides of the posterior mediastinum down to the diaphragm
what is found in the pre-tracheal fascia
- trachea
- oesophagus
- thyroid gland
how do you tell the difference between an artery and vein on ultrasound
- arteries are pulsatile and have rounder shape due to higher pressure
what colours are vessels on ultrasound
black
which side of the ultrasound image is deep or superficial
top of image = superficial
bottom of image = deep
which muscle in the neck is used as a surface anatomy landmark to find the internal jugular vein
sternocleidomastoid msucle
refer back to images and understand all the structure seen in an axial cervical neck and the fascia and what the fascia contains etc
