anatomical plane etc Flashcards
what are the 2 anatomical planes of the abdomen
supracristal
transpyloric
where is the supracristal plane located
transversely across at the level of the superior aspect of the iliac crest
which vertebra does the supracristal plane direct through
L4
where is the transpyloric plane located
halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis
(named after the part of the stomach it passes through (pyloric))
what vertebrae does the transpyloric plane dissect
L1
what procedure uses the supracristal plane to get access to CSF
lumbar puncture
kidneys lie posteriorly in the abodomen, list the order of the structures that enter the hilum of the kidneys (vein, artery, ureter)
- veins lie most anteriorly
- arteries posterior to veins
- ureters posterior to arteries
what is the average dimensions of adult kidney
11cm long
6cm wide
3 cm deep
describe where the kidneys are located along the transpyloric plane
5cm lateral to the midline of the transpyloric plane
(5cm lateral to spinous process at the level of the transpyloric plane)
what fascia surrounds the kidney laterally and superiorly
pararenal fascia
in some individuals, the kidney can side inferiorly over time until it puts pressure on the ureter and vessels causing kidney stones and bp issues, what is this called
nephroptosis
which artery and vein is connected to a kidney transplant located in pelvis
external iliac artery/vein
where do the renal veins originate from and which side of the vertebral body does it sit
inferior vena cave
- rits right of vertebrae
how wide is the IVC
1.8-2cm
where does the aorta lie to the vertebral bodies/midline
lies anterior to vertebral bodies, slightly left of midline
what is the average diameter of aorta
2cm
up to 30% of ppl have variant renal arteries e.g accessory or early branched artery
where is the spleen found in comparison to the left kidney, what ribs does it associate with
super-lateral to left kidney
- associates with 9th - 11th rib
describe the position of the spleen
10cms from spinous process, extended anteriorly to the mid-axillary line
what do you can enlargement of spleen
splenomegaly
which direction does the spleen enlarge towards and why
(doesnt enlarge forward) but down towards the right iliac fossa as the ligament it sits on connects the large intestine to the anterior abdominal wall
head of pancreas sits In curved of duodenum and tail extends towards spleen
remember the pancreas neck/body is located on what plane
transpyloric plane
what 7 structures are intersected by the transpyloric plane
- fundus of gall bladder
- first part of duodenum
- L1 vertabrae
- neck of pancreas
- spleen
- origin of SMA
what landmark is the position of the gallbladder assumed to be in
tip of 9th coastal cartilage
check image of transpyloric plane intercepting structures
what would be the external borders if you were to draw the shape of the liver on the body
superior border = 1/2cm below right 4th intercostal space on mid-clavicular line
laterally (left) = 2-3cm below left 4th intercostal space on mid-clavicular line
inferiorly = 10th costal cartilage on right mid-axilla line
where alone the transpyloric plane could you find the gall bladder
mid-clavicular point of the 9th costal cartilage (along the TPP)
- also known as Murphy’s point
how can murphys point be used to indicate gall stones/ cholecystitis
- subcostal palpation while asking patient to breath in at murphys point
- if palpation hurts teethe as they breath in, its murphys positive / gall stones present
go to images and identify structures on the axial cross sections
