anatomical plane etc

Question 1

what are the 2 anatomical planes of the abdomen

Answer 1

supracristal
transpyloric

Question 2

where is the supracristal plane located

Answer 2

transversely across at the level of the superior aspect of the iliac crest

Question 3

which vertebra does the supracristal plane direct through

Answer 3

L4

Question 4

where is the transpyloric plane located

Answer 4

halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis

(named after the part of the stomach it passes through (pyloric))

Question 5

what vertebrae does the transpyloric plane dissect

Answer 5

L1

Question 6

what procedure uses the supracristal plane to get access to CSF

Answer 6

lumbar puncture

Question 7

kidneys lie posteriorly in the abodomen, list the order of the structures that enter the hilum of the kidneys (vein, artery, ureter)

Answer 7

• veins lie most anteriorly
• arteries posterior to veins
• ureters posterior to arteries

Question 8

what is the average dimensions of adult kidney

Answer 8

11cm long
6cm wide
3 cm deep

Question 9

describe where the kidneys are located along the transpyloric plane

Answer 9

5cm lateral to the midline of the transpyloric plane

(5cm lateral to spinous process at the level of the transpyloric plane)

Question 10

what fascia surrounds the kidney laterally and superiorly

Answer 10

pararenal fascia

Question 11

in some individuals, the kidney can side inferiorly over time until it puts pressure on the ureter and vessels causing kidney stones and bp issues, what is this called

Answer 11

nephroptosis

Question 12

which artery and vein is connected to a kidney transplant located in pelvis

Answer 12

external iliac artery/vein

Question 13

where do the renal veins originate from and which side of the vertebral body does it sit

Answer 13

inferior vena cave
- rits right of vertebrae

Question 14

how wide is the IVC

Answer 14

1.8-2cm

Question 15

where does the aorta lie to the vertebral bodies/midline

Answer 15

lies anterior to vertebral bodies, slightly left of midline

Question 16

what is the average diameter of aorta

Answer 16

2cm

Question 17

up to 30% of ppl have variant renal arteries e.g accessory or early branched artery

Question 18

where is the spleen found in comparison to the left kidney, what ribs does it associate with

Answer 18

super-lateral to left kidney

• associates with 9th - 11th rib

Question 19

describe the position of the spleen

Answer 19

10cms from spinous process, extended anteriorly to the mid-axillary line

Question 20

what do you can enlargement of spleen

Answer 20

splenomegaly

Question 21

which direction does the spleen enlarge towards and why

Answer 21

(doesnt enlarge forward) but down towards the right iliac fossa as the ligament it sits on connects the large intestine to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 22

head of pancreas sits In curved of duodenum and tail extends towards spleen

Question 23

remember the pancreas neck/body is located on what plane

Answer 23

transpyloric plane

Question 24

what 7 structures are intersected by the transpyloric plane

Answer 24

• fundus of gall bladder
• first part of duodenum
• L1 vertabrae
• neck of pancreas
• spleen
• origin of SMA

Question 25

what landmark is the position of the gallbladder assumed to be in

Answer 25

tip of 9th coastal cartilage

Question 26

check image of transpyloric plane intercepting structures

Question 27

what would be the external borders if you were to draw the shape of the liver on the body

Answer 27

superior border = 1/2cm below right 4th intercostal space on mid-clavicular line

laterally (left) = 2-3cm below left 4th intercostal space on mid-clavicular line

inferiorly = 10th costal cartilage on right mid-axilla line

Question 28

where alone the transpyloric plane could you find the gall bladder

Answer 28

mid-clavicular point of the 9th costal cartilage (along the TPP)

• also known as Murphy’s point

Question 29

how can murphys point be used to indicate gall stones/ cholecystitis

Answer 29

• subcostal palpation while asking patient to breath in at murphys point
• if palpation hurts teethe as they breath in, its murphys positive / gall stones present

Question 30

go to images and identify structures on the axial cross sections