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RAD414 pt 2 > brain > Flashcards

brain Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 types of tissue is the nervous system/brain predominately made of

A

grey and white matter

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2
Q

what does grey matter consist of + its function?

A

the processing components of the neurons, cell bodies which have nucleus.

  • neuronal cell bodies for processing info
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3
Q

which area is grey matter predominantly found in the brain

A
  • areas where the brain is processing information
  • present in the periphery of the cerebrum aka cerebral cortex
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4
Q

what does white matter consist of

A
  • the axons of the neurons
  • axons that form tracts
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5
Q

what is the main function of white matter/the axons found in white matter

A
  • relaying or sending information
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6
Q

what is the main function of the cerebellum

A
  • process and coordination of movement
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7
Q

why is grey matter more superficial in the brain tissue

A
  • increase the surface area available for the processing cell bodies
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8
Q

the organisational structure of superficial grey matter and deep white matter continues onto the cerebrum

A
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9
Q

what is the main role/ function of the corpus callosum and how

A

sending information from the right to the left side of the brain

  • formed of white matter tracts and forms a bridge between left and right cerebral hemispheres allowing communication
  • communication pathway is sent through the white matter tracks of the axons of the neurons
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10
Q

corpus callosum = formed of white matter tracts
thalamus = grey matter
Not all grey matter is superficial such as the thalamus

A
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11
Q

what is the main function of the thalamus

A
  • assists in relaying sensory information
  • memory, learning and function
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12
Q

describe the tissue structure of the thalamus

A
  • general superficial grey matter and deep white matter
  • but there is pockets of deep grey matter
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13
Q

main role of spinal cord

A
  • sending info up and down our body
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14
Q

describe the tissue structure of the spinal cord

A
  • superficial WHITE matter
  • deep butterfly/H shaped grey matter
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15
Q

why is the cerebral cortex folded?

A
  • to increase surface area
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16
Q

what is arbor vitae + function

A

tree-like white matter tracts found in cerebellum

  • provide sensory and motor info to and from cerebellum
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17
Q

which 2 lobes are separated by the central sulcus

A

frontal and parietal

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18
Q

what is the falxcerebri

A

a large, crescent-shaped fold of dura mater that descends vertically into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain,

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19
Q

what is the cerebellar tentorium

A
  • dura mater that separates the inferior aspect of the occipital lobe and the superior aspect of the cerebellum
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20
Q

what is the function/structure of the longitudinal fissure

A

long tissue that separates the left and right hemisphere of the brain

  • physically divided by the falx ceribra
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21
Q

what is the transverse fissure

A

horizontal fissure that separates the cerebrum superiorly from the cerebellum inferiorly

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22
Q

transverse fissure is deep enough to allow infolding and tentori cerebellum to fit within that deep groove

A
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23
Q

sulca is not deep enough to have dura matter to be within it

A
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24
Q

right before and after the central sulcus sits a pre and post central gyrus

A
25
Q

what 2 lobes does the lateral sulcus seperate

A

parietal and temporal

26
Q

what 2 lobes does the parietal-occipital sulcus seperate

A

parietal and occipital

27
Q

what is brodmann’s area/what is it used for

A

numbered map which identifies which part of the brain is associated to what function

28
Q

what does cerebellum translate from latin into english

A

little brain

29
Q

what is the primary role of the cerebellum

A
  • coordination of movement
  • doesnt initiate movement but focuses on precision, timing etc
30
Q

what structure separates the left and right cerebellar hemispheres

A

vermis

31
Q

what is the function of the vermis of the cerebellumn

A
  • receive sensory/motor input from the spinal cord and other parts of brain
  • then integrate inputs into motor activity
32
Q

what do you call the delicate foldings found on the cerebellum and what is its function

A
  • follium
  • allows cerebellum to hold more neurones than the rest of th brain whilst only taking up 10% of the brains volume
33
Q

all connections to and from the cerebellum from the nervous system travels through 3 paired connections known as what?

A

cerebella peduncle
- coming to and from the pons

34
Q

describe the connection of the 3 cerebral peduncles to the rest of the anatomy

A
  • superior cerebral peduncle connects to the cerebral cortex
  • middle peduncle connects with the pons
  • inferior peduncle connects with the other brain centres like those connected with auditory pathway or the spinal cord
35
Q

what are the 3 components of a brain stem

A
  • pons
  • midbrain
  • medulla oblongata
36
Q

10/12 cranial nerves are from he brains stem

A
37
Q

what occurs on the anterior aspect of the brain stem

A
  • motor relay from the rest of the brain to the target structures in body thru cortico spinal tracts
38
Q

what occurs on the posterior aspect of the brain stem

A
  • sensory info relayed from the rest of the body to the brain via posterior column (for sensations such as fine touch etc)
39
Q

what is the function of the medulla oblongata

A
  • ## regulate key homeostatic functions e.g respiration, BP, heart rate
40
Q

how does the medulla oblongata work

A

vagus nerve carries parasympathetic fibres to heart and lung to regulate those functions

  • arise from medulla along with cranial nerves 11, 9 and 12
41
Q

what do you call the medial and lateral ridges found on the anterior side of the medulla

A

lateral ridges = medullary plive
medial ridges = medullary pyramid

42
Q

what does the medullary pyramid contain

A
  • motor pathway from the cerebrum to spinal cord or cranial nerve
43
Q

what does the medullary olives contain

A

different nuclei that can help us learn complex motor movements that relate to the cerebellum or can help associate with sound

44
Q

where is the pons located

A
  • between the midbrain and medulla
  • anterior to the cerebral aqua duct thats travelling down and the 4th ventricle
45
Q

what is the function of the pons

A
  • communication hub/bridge between the major pathways coming up to cerebrum or down from cerebrum to body
  • communication pathway in and out and out the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord
46
Q

what component of the brain can predominately be found in the midbrain

A

cerebral peduncles (allows communication in and out of the cerebral hemispheres)

47
Q

what component can be found posterior to the midbrain

A

corpora quadrigemini
- 4 paired bodies located on posterior aspect of midbrain

48
Q

what is the function of corpora quadrigemini

A

2 superior pairs are responsible for visual reflexes
2 inferior pairs responsible for auditory reflexes

49
Q

All functions within brainstem are going to be below concious awareness

A
50
Q

why is it good that functions within the brainstem are below conscious awareness?

A
  • dont need to regulate heart rate or BP during sleep
51
Q

what are the 3 types of white matter tracts

A
  • association
  • commissural
  • projection
52
Q

what is association white matter tract and the types of classifications

A

communication of information from one region to another within the same cerebral hemisphere

  • short if spanned from one gyrus to another
  • long is they span the distance between different regions
53
Q

what is commissural white matter tract

A

communication of info from one cerebral hemisphere to the other

  • e.g if u pulling something heavy you want to know how to distribute weight between the left and right hand
54
Q

what is projection white matter tract

A

communication of info between higher and lower brain areas and spinal cord centres

  • relays motor and sensory info
55
Q

what type of white matter tract is the corpus collosum

A

commissural

56
Q

what is multiple sclerosis

A

demyelination of the myelin sheath of the axons in the white matter, disrupting communication pathways

  • results in mental or psychiatric problems
57
Q

describe the structure of the ventricles in the brain

A
  • ## right and left / 1st and 2nd lateral ventricle
58
Q

what is the choroid plexus

A
  • delicate structure that filters and creates the cerebralspinal fluid
  • found within all ventricles
59
Q
A

RAD414 pt 2 (33 decks)

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