female genital system Flashcards
what 4 abdominal muscles are cut through to reach the pelvic cavity
- external oblique
- internal obliwue
- rectus abdominis
- transversalis abdominis
what ligament is the remnant of the gerbunaculum (the ligament that pulls the ovary down from the abdomen)
round ligament
what structure does the round ligament and vas deferens pass through to reach their distal attachments
inguinal canals
what organ is supported by the round ligament
uterus
vesicle is the anatomical word relating to bladder
what 2 arteries supply the bladder
inferior and superior vesicle arteries (branch of anterior division of internal iliac)
what veins drain the bladder and where does this vein further drain into
- vesical venous plexus
- draining into the inferior and superior vesicle vein
(the inferior vesicle artery is observed in 92% of males and only 47% females)
what branch is likely to stem off the inferior vesicle artery and vein
vaginal artery and vein
what is the labia minora and majora
minora = inner lips of vagina
majora = outer lips of vagina
what artery supplies the labia minora/majora and what are they branches of
- perineal artery
- branched off the internal puedenal artery
what vein drains the labia
posterior labial vein, internal puédenal. vein
find and image and identify the following structures:
- ischiocavernosus muscle
- bulbospongiosus muscle
- clitoris
- bulb of vestibule
- greater vestibular gland
what is the role of the greater vestibular gland in females
production of mucoid secretion aiding in lubrication
does the perineal membrane lie across the urogenital or anal triangle
urogenital
the role of the perineal membrane is?
attachment for external genitals
the perineal membrane separates the triangle into a deep and superficial perineal pouch
what is the name of the space found between the perineal membrane and pelvic floor funnel
- anterior recess of ischiorectal fossa
where is the perineal body
( area between the vagina and anus_
what is the function of the perineal body
- strengthens pelvis floor as it provides attachment for the perineal and pelvic floor muscles
what is the role of anal sphincters (external and internal)
control the release of stool from the rrectum
does the external anal sphincter provide voluntary or involuntary control
voluntary
where is the internal anal sphincter located in relation to the anal canal
2-4 cm in the distal part of the anal canal
what 2 pouches are separated by the perineal membrane
deep and superficial
swhat structures can be found in the perineal pouches
- urethra
- compressor urethrae muscle
- vagina
- urethrovaginal sphincter
- transverse perineal ligament
- deep and superficial perineal muscle
what is the main function of the pelvic floor
support abdominopelvic viscera
2 main muscles of the pelvic floor?
levator ani
coccygeus
what 5 structure spass thru and insert into the pelvic floor
uretha
vagina
rectum
external urethral sphincter
paraurethral duct
what pathology could the weakness of pelvic floor lead to
- urinary and faecal incontinence
- genitourinary prolapse
- sexual dysfunction
what ligament connects between the cervix (lower part of uterus) and the inner border/ischial spine of the pelvis
cardinal ligament (transverse)
What ligament spans over the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus and houses its vasculature
broad ligament
what ligament connects the ovary to the pelvic wall
suspensory ligament
what ligament connects the cervix (lower part of uterus) to the sacrum
uterosacral ligament (posterior)
as you age or due to birth, the broad, round, uterosacral and cardinal ligament can become weak. what pathology can this result in
prolapse of the uterus
the uterine artery and vein that supply the urterus, are branches of what vessel.
and where does the uterine vein drain into
internal illiac artery and veins (vasculature of the uterus and Fallopian tube come from here)
- blood drains into the uterine veins via a plexus in the broad ligament
where does the left and right ovarian vein drain?
left - to renal vein
right - to IVC
what 2 ligaments suspend the ovaries
ovarian and suspensory
what 2 places do the ovarian and suspensory ligament attach the ovary to
- lateral abdominal walls (suspensory)
- uterus (ovarian)
what can the 3 sections of the Fallopian tube be divided into
- isthmus (straight part)
- ampulla (curved part)
- infundibulum ( downward big bed)
what are the hairy structures found at the end of the fallopian tube attaching to the ovaries called
fimbriae
what do you call the part of the Fallopian tube where the isthmus and ampulla meet
ampullary-isthmic junction
what is the most common place for an ecotpic pregnancy
ampulla region of the fallopian tube
find Image of Fallopian tube and label the different sections
what do you call the opening of the cervix into the vagina
external os
what do you call the opening into the uterus
- internal os
what do you call the space between in internal and external os
endocervical canal
what are the 2 main functions of the cervix
-fascilitate passage of sperm into uterine cavity
- maintains sterility of upper female reproductive tract
what device is used to view the cervix and how
speculum
- inserted into vaginal, spreads to hold the walls of vagina apart
to which lymph nodes does lymphs from the vulva drain
superficial inguinal nodes
to which lymph nodes does lymph from the ovaries drain
lumbar nodes
why is knowing lymphatic drainage important
can track infection or metastasis spread
find and label the structure in male and female pelvis in MRI scans
why do the ovarian vessels originate so far from the organs
- they are formed in the abdomen and descend during embryological development
where do the vaginal arteries originate ffrom
uterine arteries
find diagram and understand the vasculature around the vaginal, uterus and ovary
uterosacral lig = posterior uterus, anterior sacrum
transverse lig = lateral cervix, lateral pelvis
broad lig = uterine body, uterine tube, suspensory and ovarian lig
round lig = fundus of uterus, pubic bone
