female genital system

Question 1

what 4 abdominal muscles are cut through to reach the pelvic cavity

Answer 1

• external oblique
• internal obliwue
• rectus abdominis
• transversalis abdominis

Question 2

what ligament is the remnant of the gerbunaculum (the ligament that pulls the ovary down from the abdomen)

Answer 2

round ligament

Question 3

what structure does the round ligament and vas deferens pass through to reach their distal attachments

Answer 3

inguinal canals

Question 4

what organ is supported by the round ligament

Answer 4

uterus

Question 5

vesicle is the anatomical word relating to bladder

Question 6

what 2 arteries supply the bladder

Answer 6

inferior and superior vesicle arteries (branch of anterior division of internal iliac)

Question 7

what veins drain the bladder and where does this vein further drain into

Answer 7

• vesical venous plexus
• draining into the inferior and superior vesicle vein

Question 8

(the inferior vesicle artery is observed in 92% of males and only 47% females)

Question 9

what branch is likely to stem off the inferior vesicle artery and vein

Answer 9

vaginal artery and vein

Question 10

what is the labia minora and majora

Answer 10

minora = inner lips of vagina

majora = outer lips of vagina

Question 11

what artery supplies the labia minora/majora and what are they branches of

Answer 11

• perineal artery
• branched off the internal puedenal artery

Question 12

what vein drains the labia

Answer 12

posterior labial vein, internal puédenal. vein

Question 13

find and image and identify the following structures:

• ischiocavernosus muscle
• bulbospongiosus muscle
• clitoris
• bulb of vestibule
• greater vestibular gland

Question 14

what is the role of the greater vestibular gland in females

Answer 14

production of mucoid secretion aiding in lubrication

Question 15

does the perineal membrane lie across the urogenital or anal triangle

Answer 15

urogenital

Question 16

the role of the perineal membrane is?

Answer 16

attachment for external genitals

Question 17

the perineal membrane separates the triangle into a deep and superficial perineal pouch

Question 18

what is the name of the space found between the perineal membrane and pelvic floor funnel

Answer 18

• anterior recess of ischiorectal fossa

Question 19

where is the perineal body

Answer 19

( area between the vagina and anus_

Question 20

what is the function of the perineal body

Answer 20

• strengthens pelvis floor as it provides attachment for the perineal and pelvic floor muscles

Question 21

what is the role of anal sphincters (external and internal)

Answer 21

control the release of stool from the rrectum

Question 22

does the external anal sphincter provide voluntary or involuntary control

Answer 22

voluntary

Question 23

where is the internal anal sphincter located in relation to the anal canal

Answer 23

2-4 cm in the distal part of the anal canal

Question 24

what 2 pouches are separated by the perineal membrane

Answer 24

deep and superficial

Question 25

swhat structures can be found in the perineal pouches

Answer 25

- urethra - compressor urethrae muscle - vagina - urethrovaginal sphincter - transverse perineal ligament - deep and superficial perineal muscle

Question 26

what is the main function of the pelvic floor

Answer 26

support abdominopelvic viscera

Question 27

2 main muscles of the pelvic floor?

Answer 27

levator ani coccygeus

Question 28

what 5 structure spass thru and insert into the pelvic floor

Answer 28

uretha vagina rectum external urethral sphincter paraurethral duct

Question 29

what pathology could the weakness of pelvic floor lead to

Answer 29

- urinary and faecal incontinence - genitourinary prolapse - sexual dysfunction

Question 30

what ligament connects between the cervix (lower part of uterus) and the inner border/ischial spine of the pelvis

Answer 30

cardinal ligament (transverse)

Question 31

What ligament spans over the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus and houses its vasculature

Answer 31

broad ligament

Question 32

what ligament connects the ovary to the pelvic wall

Answer 32

suspensory ligament

Question 33

what ligament connects the cervix (lower part of uterus) to the sacrum

Answer 33

uterosacral ligament (posterior)

Question 34

as you age or due to birth, the broad, round, uterosacral and cardinal ligament can become weak. what pathology can this result in

Answer 34

prolapse of the uterus

Question 35

the uterine artery and vein that supply the urterus, are branches of what vessel. and where does the uterine vein drain into

Answer 35

internal illiac artery and veins (vasculature of the uterus and Fallopian tube come from here) - blood drains into the uterine veins via a plexus in the broad ligament

Question 36

where does the left and right ovarian vein drain?

Answer 36

left - to renal vein right - to IVC

Question 37

what 2 ligaments suspend the ovaries

Answer 37

ovarian and suspensory

Question 38

what 2 places do the ovarian and suspensory ligament attach the ovary to

Answer 38

- lateral abdominal walls (suspensory) - uterus (ovarian)

Question 39

what can the 3 sections of the Fallopian tube be divided into

Answer 39

- isthmus (straight part) - ampulla (curved part) - infundibulum ( downward big bed)

Question 40

what are the hairy structures found at the end of the fallopian tube attaching to the ovaries called

Answer 40

fimbriae

Question 41

what do you call the part of the Fallopian tube where the isthmus and ampulla meet

Answer 41

ampullary-isthmic junction

Question 42

what is the most common place for an ecotpic pregnancy

Answer 42

ampulla region of the fallopian tube

Question 43

find Image of Fallopian tube and label the different sections

Question 44

what do you call the opening of the cervix into the vagina

Answer 44

external os

Question 45

what do you call the opening into the uterus

Answer 45

- internal os

Question 46

what do you call the space between in internal and external os

Answer 46

endocervical canal

Question 47

what are the 2 main functions of the cervix

Answer 47

-fascilitate passage of sperm into uterine cavity - maintains sterility of upper female reproductive tract

Question 48

what device is used to view the cervix and how

Answer 48

speculum - inserted into vaginal, spreads to hold the walls of vagina apart

Question 49

to which lymph nodes does lymphs from the vulva drain

Answer 49

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 50

to which lymph nodes does lymph from the ovaries drain

Answer 50

lumbar nodes

Question 51

why is knowing lymphatic drainage important

Answer 51

can track infection or metastasis spread

Question 52

find and label the structure in male and female pelvis in MRI scans

Question 53

why do the ovarian vessels originate so far from the organs

Answer 53

- they are formed in the abdomen and descend during embryological development

Question 54

where do the vaginal arteries originate ffrom

Answer 54

uterine arteries

Question 55

find diagram and understand the vasculature around the vaginal, uterus and ovary

Question 56

uterosacral lig = posterior uterus, anterior sacrum transverse lig = lateral cervix, lateral pelvis broad lig = uterine body, uterine tube, suspensory and ovarian lig round lig = fundus of uterus, pubic bone