male reproductive anatomy Flashcards
what are the functions of the testis
sperm and testosterone production
where specifically in the testis is sperm made and how does it go to the epididymis
- produced in the seminiferous tubules
- they then drain into the rete testis to carry sperm to the epididymis
where does the travel to after reaching the epididymis and what happens here
sperm transported from head of epididymis towards the tail into the DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS
- where the sperm matures
the ductus deferens runs in a cord containing other structures including the vasculature and innervation to the testis, what is this cord called
spermatic cord
what 5 structures are in the spermatic cord
- ductus deferens
- arterial supply to testis
- nerve supply to testis
- pampiniform plexus of veins
- lymphatics
what region/ structure does the spermatic cord run through to enter the abdomen
inguinal canal
what 3 arteries are found in the spermatic cord
- cremasteric artery
- testicular artery
- artery of ductus
what 3 nerves are found in the spermatic cord
- genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
- sympathetic fibre and visceral afferent fibres
3 arteries, 3 nerves, 3 others in the spermatic cord
what is the inguinal canal
short passage that extends through the inferior part of the abdominal wall.
- lies superior and parallel to the inguinal ligament
what is the purpose the the inguinal canal
serves as pathway by which structures can pass from abdominal cavity to external genitalia
the inguinal canal is potentially a weakness in the abdominal wall, hence what kinda pathology typically occurs here
herniation
what are the 2 different types of herniations that happen at the inguinal canal, explain them
indirect inguinal hernia
- bowel (abdominal content) enter inguinal canal via SUPERFICIAL inguinal ring
direct inguinal hernia
- bowel (abdominal content) enter inguinal canal via DEEP inguinal ring
what is the difference between the cause of indirect and direct inguinal hernia
- indirect = due to old age usually or increase in intra-abdominal pressure
- direct = usually congenital, associated with patent processes vaginalis
what is patent processes vaginalis
out pouching of peritoneum that accompanies embryonic descent of testicles
explain how the ductus deferens teachings the posterior aspect of the bladder
- exits via the deep inguinal ring into the abdominal cavity
- passes the external iliac vessels and runs anterior to the ureter
- then heads towards the posterior aspect of bladder
what do the 2 ductus deferens dilate to form behind the bladder and what does this open into
ampulla, which opens into the semicle vesicles
where does the prostate sit in relation the the bladder and what 2 ducts run through it
sits inferior to the bladder,
- ejaculatory and prostatic duct runs through the prostate
the urethra runs from the bladder, what 4 sections can the ureter be divided into? what are the difference between them?
- pre-prostatic (where it leaves the bladder and enters prostate)
- prostatic (within the prostate)
- membranous ( passing the deep perineal pouch)
- spongy/penine (running through the penis)
what gland is found postereo lateral to the membranous part of urethra/ in the deep perineal pouch
bulbo-urethral gland and duct
what is the function of the bulb-urethral gland and duct
- produces and secretes mucus during sexual arousal
- area pre-cum production
- lubricate the spongy urethra for the passage of the ejaculate. Due to the alkaline pH of the excreted fluid, they also act to neutralize residual acidic urine that remains in the spongy urethra.
what is the function of the prostate
- produce proteolytic enzymes for ejaculation
what does proteolytic enzymes do
allows semen to remain fluid before exiting
what allows the semen to clot upon exiting, what produces this and why does it need to clot
-semicle vesicle produces clotting factors so that upon exit,
- it clots to retain in the vagina for longer and increase the chance of conception
what are the 4 parts/areas of the prostate
- anterior region (non-glandular)
- transitional zone
- central zone
- peripheral zone
70-80% of cancers are usually found in which prostate zoe
peripheral
What is BPH and which prostate zone is this usually found in
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland,
- transitional zone
which part of the perineum does the penis attach to
perineal membrane
what 2 tissues is the penis made from
- corpus spongiosum
- corpus cavernousm
what 4 things do the seminal vesicles contribute to the seman
- clothing factors
- alkaline fluid
0 fructose - prostaglandins
what is the role of prostaglandins in semen
lipid hormone like group
- surpasses female immune system
the male penis receives its blood supply via what arteries
internal iliac arteries
what 3 branches stem from the internal iliac arteries and what do they supply
-superior vesicular = superior bladder
- inferior vesicular = inferior bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles
- internal pudendal = pudendal region (genitals), branches to perineum, penis and scrotum
what what vertebral level do testicular arteries branch off the aorta
L2/3
why is the left drainage system of the testicles (left testicular vein) more likely to get varicoceles (varicose vein) than the right
the left drains in to the left renal vein,
- Varicoceles develop as a result of venous reflux in the presence of increased venous pressure or defective venous valves.
- because the relation of the spermatic vein to the left renal vein (the spermatic vein opens at a sharp angle into the left renal vein).
- it gets vericocoele more often
which lymph nodes does the lymphs from testis drain
lumbar/ para-aortic nodes
