abdominal cavity, peritoneum

Question 1

what is the peritoneum

Answer 1

thin, serous membrane (similar to pleura)
- provides thin lining for abdominal cavity

Question 2

what organs can be found in the upper part of the abdominal cavity (for reference just beneath the breast)

Answer 2

almost all liver, most of stomach and the spleen

Question 3

pelvic cavity extends backwards and downwards

Question 4

what does the pelvic brim mark/indicate

Answer 4

the boundary between the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 5

what is the projection found in the midline of the abdominal cavity formed by

Answer 5

the bodies of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertabrae

Question 6

what does the midline projection of the abdominal cavity indicate/mark

Answer 6

the division of the posterior part of the abdominal cavity from top to bottom into 2 deep valleys

Question 7

the ‘shiny’ layer is the parietal peritoneum

Question 8

surfaces of organs within the abdominal cavity are also covered with continuous layer of peritoneum

Question 9

how does the visceral layer of organs and parietal cavity layer corrolate

Answer 9

the visceral layer of the organs is continuous of the parietal layer of the abdominal cavity

Question 10

what can be found in the space between adjoining peritoneal surfaces

Answer 10

a trace of serous fluid

Question 11

how are mobile organs in the cavity attached to the cavity e.g small intestine

Answer 11

they are attached to the abdominal cavity via double sheets of peritoneum in which their blood vessels run

Question 12

what are the 2 parts of the double sheets of peritoneum

Answer 12

• greater omentum
• lesser omentum

Question 13

where does the greater and lesser omentum extend from

Answer 13

the greater and lesser curve of the stomach
(greater omentum attached to greater curve vice versa)

Question 14

describe the attachment of the lesser omentum

Answer 14

• attaches to lesser curve to the underside of the liver
• also attaches to the underside of diaphragm
• also extends down to the duodenum (where it has a free lower border)

Question 15

describe the attachment of the greater omentum

Answer 15

• attaches to greater curve of stomach
• front hangs free in front of coils of the small intestine
• ## on the back of the omentum its attached to the front of the transverse colon

Question 16

what do you call the part of the greater omentum b/w the stomach and transverse colon

Answer 16

gastrocolic ligament

Question 17

what is the falciform ligament + describe its attachment

Answer 17

(made of peritoneum, not actually a ligament)
- slender fold running from highest part of liver down to hepatic notch
- anterior compartment attached to anterior abdominal wall
- posterior border hands free all the way down to the umbilicus

Question 18

what is the cordlike (thin and transparent) structure found on the free border of the falciform ligament

Answer 18

• ligamentum teres
• remnant of the umbilical vein
• runs through hepatic notch onto the underside of the liver

Question 19

what is the line of attachment of the falciform ligament known as

Answer 19

coronary ligament

Question 20

what does the line of the attachment of the falciform ligament and hepatic notch allow

Answer 20

the division of the liver into small left lobe and larger right lobe
(division only exists on the surface, internally its different)

Question 21

how does the coronary ligament run/ how does its structure continue aside from as seen on the anterior of the liver

Answer 21

extends to the bare area of the back of the liver which lies directly on the underside of the diaphragm and the posterior abdominal wall

• goes round the front of the IVC and back to the top

Question 22

4 double folds of peritoneum extend from the edges of the line of reflection, passing forward is the falciform ligament. Passing to the right and left is what?

Answer 22

• 2 triangular ligaments

Question 23

what area does the lesser omentum emerge from?

Answer 23

the porta hepatis

Question 24

lesser omentum passes from the liver to the lesser curve of the stomach and all the way up to the diaphragm

Question 25

what is a sinusoid

Answer 25

valveless vessel that blood transverse through in the liver

Question 26

describe the structure of the pancreas within the body

Answer 26

• its know to have a head, neck, body and tail
• the head of the pancreas is applied to the inner curvature of the duodenum
• the neck, body and tail extend to left and slightly upward ending close to the spleen

Question 27

what 5 structures are found behind the pancreas

Answer 27

• L1
• IVC
• aorta
• superior mesenteric artery
• left kidney

Question 28

what is the uncinate process

Answer 28

when the head of the pancreas curls around to the left

Question 29

how does the portal vein pass the pancreas to reach the liver

Answer 29

beneath the pancreas

Question 30

how does the exocrine secretions of the pancreas empty into the duodenum

Answer 30

via the pancreatic duct/s

Question 31

portal vein and hepatic artery crowd (cover) the bilary system

Question 32

right and left hepatic ducts are main branches that extend through the liver, they unite to form the common hepatic ducts

Question 33

describe the structure / attachments of the biliary system

Answer 33

• common hepatic duct goes down and is joined by the narrow cystic duct
• cystic duct (which runs in a spiral) fills and empties the gall bladder

Question 34

what do you call the cystic duct as it runs down to the duodenum

Answer 34

common bile duct

Question 35

how does the gall bladder fill and empty

Answer 35

• fills passively
• empties via contraction of muscle walls

Question 36

what do you call the thickened lower part of the lesser omentum

Answer 36

hepato-duodenal ligament

Question 37

common bile duct lies close to the hepatic-duodenal ligament and the epiploic foramen

Question 38

how do the bile and pancreatic duct join to the duodenum/ where do they open from

Answer 38

• common bile duct joints beneath the duodenal mucose forming a bulge (inside the duodenum)
• pancreatic duct and bile duct open at the duodenal papilla