abdominal cavity, peritoneum Flashcards
what is the peritoneum
thin, serous membrane (similar to pleura)
- provides thin lining for abdominal cavity
what organs can be found in the upper part of the abdominal cavity (for reference just beneath the breast)
almost all liver, most of stomach and the spleen
pelvic cavity extends backwards and downwards
what does the pelvic brim mark/indicate
the boundary between the abdominal and pelvic cavities
what is the projection found in the midline of the abdominal cavity formed by
the bodies of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertabrae
what does the midline projection of the abdominal cavity indicate/mark
the division of the posterior part of the abdominal cavity from top to bottom into 2 deep valleys
the ‘shiny’ layer is the parietal peritoneum
surfaces of organs within the abdominal cavity are also covered with continuous layer of peritoneum
how does the visceral layer of organs and parietal cavity layer corrolate
the visceral layer of the organs is continuous of the parietal layer of the abdominal cavity
what can be found in the space between adjoining peritoneal surfaces
a trace of serous fluid
how are mobile organs in the cavity attached to the cavity e.g small intestine
they are attached to the abdominal cavity via double sheets of peritoneum in which their blood vessels run
what are the 2 parts of the double sheets of peritoneum
- greater omentum
- lesser omentum
where does the greater and lesser omentum extend from
the greater and lesser curve of the stomach
(greater omentum attached to greater curve vice versa)
describe the attachment of the lesser omentum
- attaches to lesser curve to the underside of the liver
- also attaches to the underside of diaphragm
- also extends down to the duodenum (where it has a free lower border)
describe the attachment of the greater omentum
- attaches to greater curve of stomach
- front hangs free in front of coils of the small intestine
- ## on the back of the omentum its attached to the front of the transverse colon
what do you call the part of the greater omentum b/w the stomach and transverse colon
gastrocolic ligament
what is the falciform ligament + describe its attachment
(made of peritoneum, not actually a ligament)
- slender fold running from highest part of liver down to hepatic notch
- anterior compartment attached to anterior abdominal wall
- posterior border hands free all the way down to the umbilicus
what is the cordlike (thin and transparent) structure found on the free border of the falciform ligament
- ligamentum teres
- remnant of the umbilical vein
- runs through hepatic notch onto the underside of the liver
what is the line of attachment of the falciform ligament known as
coronary ligament
what does the line of the attachment of the falciform ligament and hepatic notch allow
the division of the liver into small left lobe and larger right lobe
(division only exists on the surface, internally its different)
how does the coronary ligament run/ how does its structure continue aside from as seen on the anterior of the liver
extends to the bare area of the back of the liver which lies directly on the underside of the diaphragm and the posterior abdominal wall
- goes round the front of the IVC and back to the top
4 double folds of peritoneum extend from the edges of the line of reflection, passing forward is the falciform ligament. Passing to the right and left is what?
- 2 triangular ligaments
what area does the lesser omentum emerge from?
the porta hepatis
lesser omentum passes from the liver to the lesser curve of the stomach and all the way up to the diaphragm
what is a sinusoid
valveless vessel that blood transverse through in the liver
describe the structure of the pancreas within the body
- its know to have a head, neck, body and tail
- the head of the pancreas is applied to the inner curvature of the duodenum
- the neck, body and tail extend to left and slightly upward ending close to the spleen
what 5 structures are found behind the pancreas
- L1
- IVC
- aorta
- superior mesenteric artery
- left kidney
what is the uncinate process
when the head of the pancreas curls around to the left
how does the portal vein pass the pancreas to reach the liver
beneath the pancreas
how does the exocrine secretions of the pancreas empty into the duodenum
via the pancreatic duct/s
portal vein and hepatic artery crowd (cover) the bilary system
right and left hepatic ducts are main branches that extend through the liver, they unite to form the common hepatic ducts
describe the structure / attachments of the biliary system
- common hepatic duct goes down and is joined by the narrow cystic duct
- cystic duct (which runs in a spiral) fills and empties the gall bladder
what do you call the cystic duct as it runs down to the duodenum
common bile duct
how does the gall bladder fill and empty
- fills passively
- empties via contraction of muscle walls
what do you call the thickened lower part of the lesser omentum
hepato-duodenal ligament
common bile duct lies close to the hepatic-duodenal ligament and the epiploic foramen
how do the bile and pancreatic duct join to the duodenum/ where do they open from
- common bile duct joints beneath the duodenal mucose forming a bulge (inside the duodenum)
- pancreatic duct and bile duct open at the duodenal papilla
