imaging of brain Flashcards
what imaging modality can be used for neonate brains but not adults
cranial ultrasound / ultrasonogrpahy
- because grown skulls dont have fontanelle so the sound wave is blocked off
what is meninges and what are the 3 layers of these
3 layers of membrane that protect the brain and spinal cord
- outer tough dura mater
- middle arachnoid, fluid filled weblike structure
- innerpost delicate pia mater
what 3 spaces are found within the meninges
- epidural
- subdural
- subarachnoid
what is the epidural, subdural and subarachnoid space
epidural = skull and dura mater and the dura mater of your spinal cord and the bones of your vertebral column
subdural = space between dura mater and your arachnoid mater
subarachnoid = space between your arachnoid mater and pia mater
what fluid is found in the subarachnoid space and what is its purpose
CSF
cushions and protects brain and spinal cord
what is the functions/purpose of the meninges besides protection
provide a support system for blood vessels (including your middle meningeal artery) that deliver blood to your CNS tissues, nerves (including your trigeminal and vagus nerves), lymphatics (drainage system) and cerebrospinal fluid.
what specific cells found in the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles produce CSF
ependymal cells
describe how CSF flows
- CSF produced by choroid plexus
- follows thru ventricles and out into the subarachnoid space
what structure of the brain is CSF absorbed
dural venous sinuses
( any of the channels of a branching complex sinus network that lies between layers of the dura mater, the outermost covering of the brain, and functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood)
identify what different brain structures, ventricles in specific and stuctures around it look like on a CT axial scan
what is a headache pyrexia
Having both a fever and headache can be signs of an infectious or non-infectious condition
- raised temperature (pyrexia) and headache
what would a headache pyrexia look like on CT
lots of black voids in the brain
the returning venous blood from the circulating brain, drained by the dural venous sinuses, drains into which major vein
dural venous system represents the main pathway of returning venous blood from the brain into the circulation via the internal jugular vein.
what are the 5 parts to the dual venous sinus system
- superior sagittal sinus
- inferior sagittal sinus
- straight sinus
- transverse/lateral sinus
- sigmoid sinus (finally draining into the internal jugular vein from here)
describe the structure of the dual venous sinus system/ know what the structure of the dual venous sinus system lookalike
- superior sagittal venous sinus lies within the superior border of the falx cerebri
- The inferior sagittal sinus is smaller than its superior counterpart and lies within the inferior margin of the falx cerebri.
what 2 parts of the dual venous sinus system join to form the confluence of sinuses
- superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus/ occipital sinus
what structures drain into the superior sagittal sinus
superficial cortical veins
what structures drain into the inferior saggital sinus
venous drainage from the falx cerebri itself, and numerous small venous veins which drain the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres.
where is the cerebellar tonsil found
a part of the brain that sits at the base — just above the brainstem
what is the vascular ring of the brain known as
circle of willis
find and image and label all the branches of the brain arterial supply
at what point in the circle of willis, do the coratid artery join
middle cerebral artery
what are the 2 dura inholdings / extensions found in the brain
- falx cerebri
- cerebellar tentorium
what areas of the brain do the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral artery supply
anterior = anteromedial portion of the cerebrum (parietal region)
middle = situated laterally supplying the majority of the lateral part of the brain
posterior = terminal branches of the basilar artery and supply the occipital lobes and posteromedial temporal lobes.
