imaging of brain

Question 1

what imaging modality can be used for neonate brains but not adults

Answer 1

cranial ultrasound / ultrasonogrpahy

• because grown skulls dont have fontanelle so the sound wave is blocked off

Question 2

what is meninges and what are the 3 layers of these

Answer 2

3 layers of membrane that protect the brain and spinal cord

• outer tough dura mater
• middle arachnoid, fluid filled weblike structure
• innerpost delicate pia mater

Question 3

what 3 spaces are found within the meninges

Answer 3

• epidural
• subdural
• subarachnoid

Question 4

what is the epidural, subdural and subarachnoid space

Answer 4

epidural = skull and dura mater and the dura mater of your spinal cord and the bones of your vertebral column

subdural = space between dura mater and your arachnoid mater

subarachnoid = space between your arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 5

what fluid is found in the subarachnoid space and what is its purpose

Answer 5

CSF
cushions and protects brain and spinal cord

Question 6

what is the functions/purpose of the meninges besides protection

Answer 6

provide a support system for blood vessels (including your middle meningeal artery) that deliver blood to your CNS tissues, nerves (including your trigeminal and vagus nerves), lymphatics (drainage system) and cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 7

what specific cells found in the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles produce CSF

Answer 7

ependymal cells

Question 8

describe how CSF flows

Answer 8

• CSF produced by choroid plexus
• follows thru ventricles and out into the subarachnoid space

Question 9

what structure of the brain is CSF absorbed

Answer 9

dural venous sinuses

( any of the channels of a branching complex sinus network that lies between layers of the dura mater, the outermost covering of the brain, and functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood)

Question 10

identify what different brain structures, ventricles in specific and stuctures around it look like on a CT axial scan

Question 11

what is a headache pyrexia

Answer 11

Having both a fever and headache can be signs of an infectious or non-infectious condition

• raised temperature (pyrexia) and headache

Question 12

what would a headache pyrexia look like on CT

Answer 12

lots of black voids in the brain

Question 13

the returning venous blood from the circulating brain, drained by the dural venous sinuses, drains into which major vein

Answer 13

dural venous system represents the main pathway of returning venous blood from the brain into the circulation via the internal jugular vein.

Question 14

what are the 5 parts to the dual venous sinus system

Answer 14

• superior sagittal sinus
• inferior sagittal sinus
• straight sinus
• transverse/lateral sinus
• sigmoid sinus (finally draining into the internal jugular vein from here)

Question 15

describe the structure of the dual venous sinus system/ know what the structure of the dual venous sinus system lookalike

Answer 15

• superior sagittal venous sinus lies within the superior border of the falx cerebri
• The inferior sagittal sinus is smaller than its superior counterpart and lies within the inferior margin of the falx cerebri.

Question 16

what 2 parts of the dual venous sinus system join to form the confluence of sinuses

Answer 16

• superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus/ occipital sinus

Question 17

what structures drain into the superior sagittal sinus

Answer 17

superficial cortical veins

Question 18

what structures drain into the inferior saggital sinus

Answer 18

venous drainage from the falx cerebri itself, and numerous small venous veins which drain the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 19

where is the cerebellar tonsil found

Answer 19

a part of the brain that sits at the base — just above the brainstem

Question 20

what is the vascular ring of the brain known as

Answer 20

circle of willis

Question 21

find and image and label all the branches of the brain arterial supply

Question 22

at what point in the circle of willis, do the coratid artery join

Answer 22

middle cerebral artery

Question 23

what are the 2 dura inholdings / extensions found in the brain

Answer 23

• falx cerebri
• cerebellar tentorium

Question 24

what areas of the brain do the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 24

anterior = anteromedial portion of the cerebrum (parietal region)

middle = situated laterally supplying the majority of the lateral part of the brain

posterior = terminal branches of the basilar artery and supply the occipital lobes and posteromedial temporal lobes.