knee joint Flashcards
find diagram and label knee joint
w
what 2 movements are possible at the knee and which 2 muscular compartments of the thigh are responsible ?
- flexion and extension
- anterior compartment = extension
- posterior compartment = flexion
label all the major arteries down to the knee starting celiac trunk
- celiac trunk
- superior mesanteric
- ( renal arteries lateral going to kidneys)
- gonadal
- inferior mesenteric
- common iliac
- internal and external iliac
- femoral
- popliteal
what is an avulsion fracture
- when small chunk of bone gets pulled away from rest of bone by ligament or tendon
describe the structure/positioning of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
posterior cruciate ligament =
crosses from the medial femoral condyle to the lateral meniscus / lateral tibial condyle
anterior cruciate ligament =
crosses from the lateral femoral condyle to the anterior aspect of the intercondylar area
describe the structure/positioning of the medial and lateral collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament = spans from the medial femoral condyle to the medial tibial condyle
lateral collateral ligament = spans from the lateral femoral condyle to the fibula head
what is the function of the menisci
shock absorbers
if a medial collateral ligament caused avulsion fracture at its proximal attachment point, what would fracture
medial femoral condyle (sited fracture)
if a lateral collateral ligament caused avulsion fracture at its proximal attachment point, what would fracture
lateral femoral epicondyle
if a lateral collateral ligament caused avulsion fracture at its distal attachment point, what would fracture
fibula head
what is the attachment point of the medial collateral lig
diaphysis of tibia
the medial collateral ligament has deep insertion which attaches to the medial proximal tibia and the medial meniscus
if the medial collateral ligament is damaged, what will happen to the medial meniscus
also damaged
- usually happens alongside an anterior cruciate tear and is called the unhappy triad
what is the unhappy triad / o’donaghue
injury to the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament
where is the superior and inferior attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament
superor = medial wall of lateral femoral condyle
inferior = anterior aspect of intercondylar area
where is the superior and inferior attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament
superior = lateral wall of medial femoral condyle
inferior = proximal poster tibia
find an image and label the ligaments of the knee
remember the medial collateral ligament attaches to the medial meniscus
(the lateral collateral ligament doesnt attach to the lateral meniscus)
indentify the following structures:
- supra patella bursa
- infra patella bursa
- pre patella bursa
- semimembranous bursa
- biceps femoris tendon
- arcuate ligament
- iliotibial band
- popliteal artery and vein
- patella ligament
what is known as clergymans knee
inrapatellar bursitis
what is known as housemaids knee
prepatellar bursitis
where is the semimembranous tendon located
- wide tendon attaching the femoral condyles to the tibia
describe the position of the arcuate ligament
arcuate ligament stems from the semimembranous tendon and attaches to the fibular head
describe the position of the biceps femmoris tendon
biceps femoris is the posterior compartment of thigh
the tendon of the biceps femurs attached to the head of fibula
what structure do both the arcuate ligament and biceps femoris tendon attach to and can therefore damage in an avulsion fracture
head of fibula
what does the patellar tendon attach to and could therefore damage in avulsion fracture
tibial tuberosity
the illiotibial band is an attachment site for many muscles on the lateral aspect of the thigh.
IF it causes an avulsion fracture what would be fractured
lateral tibial condyle
