knee joint

Question 1

find diagram and label knee joint

Answer 1

w

Question 2

what 2 movements are possible at the knee and which 2 muscular compartments of the thigh are responsible ?

Answer 2

• flexion and extension
• anterior compartment = extension
• posterior compartment = flexion

Question 3

label all the major arteries down to the knee starting celiac trunk

Answer 3

• celiac trunk
• superior mesanteric
• ( renal arteries lateral going to kidneys)
• gonadal
• inferior mesenteric
• common iliac
• internal and external iliac
• femoral
• popliteal

Question 4

what is an avulsion fracture

Answer 4

• when small chunk of bone gets pulled away from rest of bone by ligament or tendon

Question 5

describe the structure/positioning of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 5

posterior cruciate ligament =
crosses from the medial femoral condyle to the lateral meniscus / lateral tibial condyle

anterior cruciate ligament =
crosses from the lateral femoral condyle to the anterior aspect of the intercondylar area

Question 6

describe the structure/positioning of the medial and lateral collateral ligament

Answer 6

medial collateral ligament = spans from the medial femoral condyle to the medial tibial condyle

lateral collateral ligament = spans from the lateral femoral condyle to the fibula head

Question 7

what is the function of the menisci

Answer 7

shock absorbers

Question 8

if a medial collateral ligament caused avulsion fracture at its proximal attachment point, what would fracture

Answer 8

medial femoral condyle (sited fracture)

Question 9

if a lateral collateral ligament caused avulsion fracture at its proximal attachment point, what would fracture

Answer 9

lateral femoral epicondyle

Question 10

if a lateral collateral ligament caused avulsion fracture at its distal attachment point, what would fracture

Answer 10

fibula head

Question 11

what is the attachment point of the medial collateral lig

Answer 11

diaphysis of tibia

Question 12

the medial collateral ligament has deep insertion which attaches to the medial proximal tibia and the medial meniscus

Question 13

if the medial collateral ligament is damaged, what will happen to the medial meniscus

Answer 13

also damaged

• usually happens alongside an anterior cruciate tear and is called the unhappy triad

Question 14

what is the unhappy triad / o’donaghue

Answer 14

injury to the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament

Question 15

where is the superior and inferior attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 15

superor = medial wall of lateral femoral condyle

inferior = anterior aspect of intercondylar area

Question 16

where is the superior and inferior attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 16

superior = lateral wall of medial femoral condyle

inferior = proximal poster tibia

Question 17

find an image and label the ligaments of the knee

Question 18

remember the medial collateral ligament attaches to the medial meniscus

(the lateral collateral ligament doesnt attach to the lateral meniscus)

Question 19

indentify the following structures:
- supra patella bursa
- infra patella bursa
- pre patella bursa
- semimembranous bursa
- biceps femoris tendon
- arcuate ligament
- iliotibial band
- popliteal artery and vein
- patella ligament

Question 20

what is known as clergymans knee

Answer 20

inrapatellar bursitis

Question 21

what is known as housemaids knee

Answer 21

prepatellar bursitis

Question 22

where is the semimembranous tendon located

Answer 22

• wide tendon attaching the femoral condyles to the tibia

Question 23

describe the position of the arcuate ligament

Answer 23

arcuate ligament stems from the semimembranous tendon and attaches to the fibular head

Question 24

describe the position of the biceps femmoris tendon

Answer 24

biceps femoris is the posterior compartment of thigh

the tendon of the biceps femurs attached to the head of fibula

Question 25

what structure do both the arcuate ligament and biceps femoris tendon attach to and can therefore damage in an avulsion fracture

Answer 25

head of fibula

Question 26

what does the patellar tendon attach to and could therefore damage in avulsion fracture

Answer 26

tibial tuberosity

Question 27

the illiotibial band is an attachment site for many muscles on the lateral aspect of the thigh.

IF it causes an avulsion fracture what would be fractured

Answer 27

lateral tibial condyle