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CP > Skin and soft tissue Infections > Flashcards

Skin and soft tissue Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the normal flora of the skin?

A

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

Staph aureus

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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of herpes simplex generally?

A

cold sores - come and go by triggers e.g. infection/stress

tingling

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3
Q

What are the two stages of herpes simplex? What are their features?

A

Primary: occurs once, rara, extensive, painful lesions, inside mouth
Secondary: Happens more than once, Peri-oral, weeping, vesicular

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4
Q

How is herpes simplex diagnosed?

A

Clinical

Vesicle fluid - PCR

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5
Q

What is the treatment for cold sores? (How it is given is important here?

A

Topical acyclovir

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6
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes? (How it is given is important here?

A

Oral acyclovir

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7
Q

What is the primary and secondary manifestation of varicella zoster virus?

A

Primary: chickenpox
Secondary: shingles

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8
Q

What is latent varicella zoster virus triggered by?

A

Physical/emotional insult

Tingling/pain

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9
Q

How does varicella zoster virus present?

A

Weeping vesicular rash

Dermatomal distribution - diagnostic

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10
Q

How is varicella zoster virus diagnosed?

A

Clinical

Vesicle fluid - PCR

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11
Q

What is the treatment for varicella zoster virus?

A

Oral/IV acyclovir - depending on severity

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12
Q

What does Molluscum contagiosum virus look like?

A

Raised, pearly lesions

Umbilicated - central depression

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13
Q

How is Molluscum contagiosum diagnoised?

A

Clinically

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Molluscum contagiosum?

A

None - disappears itself

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15
Q

Name 6 bacterial infections of the skin

A 
Impetigo
Erysipelas
Cellulitis
Necrotising fasciitis
Gas gangrene 
Anthrax
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16
Q

Impetigo is infection of which layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

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17
Q

What pathogen normally causes impetigo?

A

S.aureus
S.pyogenes
Both

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18
Q

What does impetigo present as?

A

Plaque like lesions
Yellowish exudate
Thick scabs - ‘honey crusted’

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19
Q

How is impetigo diagnosed?

A

Clinically

Bacterial cultures - useful for sensitivity testing

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20
Q

Erysipelas is infection of which layer of the skin?

A

Dermis

21
Q

What pathogen normally causes erysipelas?

A

S.pyogenes

22
Q

How does erysipelas present?

A 
Pain
Tenderness
Fever/malaise
Well demarcated inflammatory lesion - red, swollen, hot
Lymph node enlargement
23
Q

How is erysipelas diagnosed?

A

Clinical diagnosis

24
Q

Cellulitis is infection of which layer of the skin?

A

Skin and subcutaneous tissue

25
Q

What pathogen normally causes cellulitis?

A

S.aureus

S.pyogenes

26
Q

How does cellulitis present?

A

Fever/malaise
Diffuse inflamed lesion - Erythema, swelling, tenderness, heat
Margins unclear

27
Q

How is cellulitis diagnosed?

A

Clinically
Lesion swabs if possible
Not cellulitis if bilateral!

28
Q

Anthrax is caused by which pathogen?

A

Bacillus anthracis

29
Q

Where is anthrax acquired from?

A

Imported wool, hair and animal hinds

30
Q

Necrotising fasciitis is infection of which layers of the skin?

A

Skin and subcutaneous tissues

31
Q

What two types of factors cause necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Type 1: Polymicrobial - enteric gram -ve bacilli, anaerobes

Type 2: Streptococcus pyogenes

32
Q

How does necrotizing fasciitis present?

A 
Fever/malaise
Dark
Rapidly spreading
Necrotising lesion
Blisters
33
Q

How is necrotizing fasciitis diagnoised?

A

Microscopy and culture of:
Debraided material
Blood

34
Q

What is the treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

IV antibiotics

Surgical debridement - removal of dead tissue

35
Q

What type of pathogen causes gas gangrene?

A

anaerobic bacteria

36
Q

How does gas gangrene present?

A

Same as necrotizing fasciitis

Feels soft/squishy like there is gas inside

37
Q

When does gas gangrene tend to occur?

A

Areas of poor blood supply

i.e. amputees that have PVD

38
Q

How is gas gangrene treated?

A

IV antibiotics

Surgical debridement

39
Q

What is the empirical therapy used for infections caused my staph aureus or strep pyogenes?

A

Flucloxicillin

40
Q

What is the empirical therapy used for necrotizing fascitis?

A

Meropenem

Clindamycin

41
Q

What fungi causes dermatophyte infections?

A

Tricophyton spp

Microsprum spp

42
Q

Name 3 dermatophyte skin infections

A

Tinea corporis
Tinea pedis (athlets foot)
Tinea cruris

43
Q

Name a dermatophyte nail infection

A

Onychomycosis

44
Q

Name a dermatophyte scalp infection

A

Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm)

45
Q

How are dermatophyte infection diagnosed?

A

Skin scrapings

Microscopy and culture

46
Q

What are the topical antifungal treatments used for dermatophyte skin infection?

A

Clotrimazole

Terbinafine

47
Q

What are the oral antifungal treatments used for dermatophyte scalp and nail infection?

A

Terbinafine

Itraconozole

48
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat impetigo?

A

Fusidic acid

Mupirocin

CP (50 decks)

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