Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP > lower respiratory tract infections > Flashcards

lower respiratory tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the body are included in the lower respiratory tract?

A

trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the LRTI associated with the lungs?

A

Pneumonia

abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of bronchitis?

A

Acute

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 types of pneumonia?

A

hospital acquired
community acquired
ventilator acquired
aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What types of microorganisms cause LRTI?

A

bacteria
viruses
fungi - mainly only in immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is acute bronchitis?

A

inflammation and oedema of the trachea and bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the symptoms of acute bronchitis?

A

dry cough - may be associated with retrosternal pain due to inflammation
dyspnoea - dificulty breathing
tachypnoea - fast breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which microorganisms are the main cause of acute bronchitis?

A 
viruses e.g.
rhinovirus
coranovirus
adenovirus
influenza
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you diagnose acute bronchitis?

A

diagnostic tests not included in mild presentation
vaccination/previous exposures helps to rule out organisms
cultures of respiratory secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for acute bronchitis?

A

supportive treatment
oxygen/respiratory support for severe disease/co-morbidites
bacterial = antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

sputum producing cough on most days for at least 3 months of two successive years
caused by exogenous irritants not microorganisms
have acute exacerbation via infective agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How would you treat a acute exacerbation in chronic bronchitis?

A

oxygen/ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

inflammation and oedema of the bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

acute wheeze
cough
nasal discharge
respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What microorganism commonly causes bronchiolitis?

A

RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is bronchiolitis diagnosed?

A

chest x ray
FBC
microbiological diagnosis of nasopharyngeal aspirate via PCR

17
Q

What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?

A

oxygen
feeding support
bacterial = antibiotics

18
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

infection affecting the most distal airways and alveoli forming inflammatory exudate

19
Q

What are the two anatomical patterns of pneumonia?

A

bronchopneumonia - patchy distribution from inflammed bronchioles and bronchi to alveoli
lobar pneumonia - large part or whole of lobe

20
Q

What microorganism is lobar pneumonia normally caused by?

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

21
Q

What 2 categories are the bacterial causes of pneumonia split into?

A

typical

atypical

22
Q

What is ‘atypical’ in reference to pneumonia and microorganisms?

A

fails to respond to penicillin

difficult to grow

23
Q

What are examples of typical organisms?

A 
streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenza
moraxella catarrhalis
staph aureus
klebsiella pneumoniae
24
Q

What are examples of atypical organisms?

A 
mycoplasma pneumoniae
legionella pneumophillia
chlamydophilia pneumoniae
chalmydophila psittaci
coxiella burnetii
25
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A 
rapid onset
fever/chills
productive cough (can have blood)
sputum
pleuritic chest pain
malaise
26
Q

What are the signs of pneumonia?

A 
tachypnoea - fast breathing
tachycardia - fast heart rate
hypotension
dull to percuss
reduced air entry, bronchial breathing - hollow blowing sounds, crackles
27
Q

What are the symptoms of primary viral pneumonia?

A

cough
breathlessness
cyanosis

28
Q

what are examples of microorganisms that cause secondary viral pneumonia?

A

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
s. aureus

29
Q

How is viral pneumonia diagnosed?

A 
viral antigen detection using PCR
routin observations
bloods
chest x ray
nasal flush in children
30
Q

What is tool is used to assess the severity of pneumonia?

A

CURB65

31
Q

What acronym is used for the management of patients with community acquired pneumonia?

A 
A = airway
B = breathing
C = circulation
32
Q

Why do you have to be careful when providing oxygen to a patient with COPD?

A

rely of hypoxic drive to breath

CP (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions