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Medical Transcription > Skeletal system disorders > Flashcards

Skeletal system disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

SCDS - Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome

A

abnormal thinness or incomplete closure of the bony canals in the inner ear. Can cause hearing loss, imbalance, sound distortion.

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2
Q

acromegaly

A

overgrowth of bone tissues

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3
Q

adamantinoma

A

bone cancer rising in subcutaneous bone , commonly in tibia

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4
Q

ankylosis

A

fusion of bones across a space by either bony or fibrous tissue. Immobility and stiffening, most often with rheumatoid arthritis.

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5
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of joint, accompanied by pain, swelling, change in structure. Approx 25 types. Treated with pain management.

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6
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degenerative/wear and tear arthritis. Results from breakdown of articular cartilage

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7
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

ie; Rheumatism. Inflammation of synovial membrane. Blood tests show rheumatoid factor. Treatment includes pain management and DMARDS - methotrexate. Most debilitating type of arthritis

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8
Q

gouty arthritis

A

“Gout” metabolic disorder, occurs when sharp uric acid crystals deposit in a joint. Treatment is decreasing uric acid with drugs like allopurinol.

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9
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic progressive arthritis, stiffening of joints, primarily in the spine

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10
Q

osteomalacia

A

enzyme defect affects bone formation, primarily the ribs and iliac crest

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11
Q

Blount disease

A

growth disorder of the tibia that causes the tibia to angle inwards resembling a bow-leg.

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12
Q

brachymetatarsia

A

sbnormally short metatarsals. May result due to congenital or acquired condition

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13
Q

bunion

A

abnormal swelling of medial aspect of joint b/t big toe and first metatarsal bone. Pain management, footward, bunionectomy

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14
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of one or more bursae causing pain, swelling, restricted movement. Commonly subacromial (shoulder), olecranon (tennis elbow), and prepatellar.

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15
Q

osteosarcoma

A

tumor of the bone

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16
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

tumor involving cartilage

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17
Q

myeloma

A

tumors in the bone marrow which can impede blood cell production and cause destruction of bone

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18
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression by a wrist ligament of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and bones and tendons of the wrist. Splinting, pain management, cortisone injections, and surgical release of ligament

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19
Q

crepitus

A

grating sound heard from broken bone ends rubbing together.

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20
Q

diastrophic dysplasia

A

affects cartilage and bone development. Short statures with short limbs and limited mobility.

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21
Q

luxation

A

dislocation of a joint. Tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsule. Return of the bone is called a reduction.

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22
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

malignant bone tumor appearing often early 5-15 years of age

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23
Q

fracture ( 2 treatments )

A

Treatment involves reduction of bone to original placement and fixation; immobilization of the fracture. A closed reduction is manipulative without surgery. Open reduction requires incision to manipulate.

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24
Q

Internal/External fixation

A

External fixation is using dressings, splints, slings, to immobilize. Internal fixation is using screws, pins, bolts, wires, plates, to hold bony fragments together.

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25
Q

simple fracture

A

overlying skin is intact, local tissue damage is minimal

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26
Q

compound fracture

A

bone has also pierced the skin. Extensive tissue damage and higher risk of infection

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27
Q

greenstick fracture

A

incomplete break in a bone common in children.

28
Q

Colles fracture

A

near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radius

29
Q

comminuted fracture

A

Bone is splintered or crushed in to many pieces

30
Q

compression fracture

A

Bone is compressed; often in vertebrae

31
Q

impacted fracture

A

one fragment is firmly driven into another bone fragment

32
Q

ganglion

A

fluid filled cyst arising from a joint capsule or tendon in the wrist

33
Q

herniation of intervertebral disk

A

abnormal protrusion of intervertebral disk into neural canal or spinal nerves. Bed rest, physical therapy, pain management. If chronic, laminectomy of vertebral arch and diskectomy or spinal fusion.

34
Q

hyperkyphosis

A

exaggerated thoracic curve, sometimes known as hunchback

35
Q

kyphoscoliosis

A

abnormal curvature of the spine in both coronal and sagittal planes. Kyphosis and scoliosis together.

36
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes syndrome

A

degenerative disease of the hip joint. Growth/loss of bone mass leads to collapse of hip joint leading to deformity of the socket in the hip joint surface

37
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated lumbar curve, swayback

38
Q

Lyme disease

A

recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, malaise, neurologic and cardiac symptoms. Treated with antibiotics.

39
Q

rickets

A

softening of bones leading to fractures and deformities. Commonly seen in childhood due to malnutrition, starvation and famine

40
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine usually w/ thoracic vertebrae. Can compress abdominal organs. Can impair breathing by diminishing expansion of ribs.

41
Q

scurvy

A

Disease from vitamin C deficiency. Leads to spots on the skin, spongy gums, bleeding from mucous membranes. Pale skin, depression, partial immobility.

42
Q

spina bifida

A

birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube ; some vertebrae overlying the spinal cord are not fully fused and remain open

43
Q

spondylosis

A

degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints between spinal vertebra or neural foramina. May be nerve root pressure causing sensory or motor disturbances, pain, paresthesia, muscle weakness.

44
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint caused by twisting. Causes pain, loss of mobility, swelling, bruising. No bone or joint damage occurs. Can be some tearing, RICE.

45
Q

strain

A

injury to muscle or tendon at a joint. Due to overstretching or overuse. Less serious than sprain.

46
Q

syndactyly

A

webbed toes or fingers

47
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

chronic inflammatory disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs; treatment is with corticosteroids

48
Q

swan-neck deformity

A

joint closest to the fingertip being permanently bent toward the palm, while the nearest joint to the palm is bent away from it; commonly caused by injury or inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis

49
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot involving the talus

50
Q

tennis elbow /epincodylitis

A

inflammation of tissue around the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (elbow joint)

51
Q

osteopenia

A

low bone mineral density. Bones are weaker and more prone to fracture. Can be due to overactive thyroid.

52
Q

Pagets disease

A

cellular remodeling and deformity of 1 or more bones. Show excessive bone breakdown and disorganized new formations.

53
Q

Salter-Harris fracture

A

fracture involving the epiphyseal plate/growth plate of a bone, specifically the side of calcification. (Child bone fracture)

54
Q

Le Fort fracture of skull

A

transfacial fracture of the midface involving maxillary bone and surrounding structures in either horizonal, pyramid, or transvere direction

55
Q

Rolando fracture

A

intra-articular fractures within the first metacarpal of the thumb with detachments of several fragments, usually three.

56
Q

Bennets fracture

A

intra articular simple fracture of the first metacarpal of the thumb,

57
Q

occult fracture

A

“Hidden fracture”. Doesn’t appear well on x-rays. Needs to be confirmed with further imaging. Type of fracture usually due to fall.

58
Q

subligamentous disc herniation

A

Extends beyond the outermost layer of the annulus fibrosus, the tough, fibrous outer layer of the disc. Less common herniation, extends into the space between the vertebrae and the ligaments that attach to them.

59
Q

Collagen vascular disease

A

a group of conditions that cause chronic (long-lasting) inflammation in your connective tissues. May be idiopathic or influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

60
Q

osteopenia

A

loss of bone mineral density (BMD) that weakens bones. Common in 50+ and women. No signs or symptoms.

61
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

axial spondyloarthritis; inflammatory disease that overtime can cause some of the vertebrae to fuse. Makes the spine less flexible and hunched. Can affect ribs; hard to breathe

62
Q

hyperostosis

A

too much growth of bony tissue; calcification of tendons and ligaments

63
Q

talipes equinovarus deformity

A

“Clubfoot” abnormality; the foot points downward and inward. Present at birth and involves foot and lower leg.

64
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

occurs when one vertebral body slips with respect to adjacent vertebral body, causing radicular or mechanical symptoms of pain. Treated by spinal fusion to eliminate slipping movement.

65
Q

triple arthrodesis

A

fusion procedure of three joints of the hindfoot and midfoot; subtalar joint, talonavicular joint, and calcaneocuboid

66
Q

Blount disease

A

disorder that affects the bones of the lower leg, causing them to bow outwards. Common in kids younger than 4/teens.

67
Q
A

Medical Transcription (31 decks)

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