Reproductive Flashcards
acute prostatitis
inflammation of prostate gland; may be caused by any of a variety of microorganisms including those which cause STDs
amenorrhea
absence of menstruation.
primary amenorrhea = for person who has never previously menstruated. Can also be due to gonadal dysgenesis (maldeveloped ovaries) or agenesis (absence of ovaries)
amniocentesis
sampling of amniotic fluid done through insertion of a tube into abdomen; fluid withdrawn and analyzed for dating of fetus, sex, and diagnosis of developmental abnormalities
anal verge
lower edge of the anal canal that marks the junction of the anal canal and external hair bearing skin. Surgical landmark.
anorchism / polyorchidism
complete absence of one or both testes. / presence of multiple testes, or supernumerary testicles
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis; results from retention of secretions and bacteria beneath foreskin
bartholinitis
inflammation of the vulvovaginal (Bartholin) duct near the opening of the vagina
benign prostatic hypertrophy BPH
overgrowth of normal glandular and muscular elements of prostate gland. Hyperplasia arises in immediate vicinity of the urethra and most freq cause of urinary obstruction. Can cause bladder and kidney dmg
Diagnosis; digital rectal exam DRE, ultrasound, cystoscopy
Rx; surgical removal - transurethral resection of the prostate TURP
Good recovery if rx before kidney dmg
breast self-exam BSE
physical exam of the breasts to detect any abnormalities done by women usually once per month at certain times in mestrual cycle
CA-125
blood test used to screen for ovarian cancer; used as marker to determine stage of disease post diagnosis
cell culture
swab test taken from sores to be tested under microscope for presence of HSV or genital herpes
cervical biopsy
cervix tissue removal for examination and testing
-cone biopsy/cold knife cone: removal of wedge shaped tissue from area of abnormal changes
-LEEP loop electrosurgical excision procedure conization: excisional biopsy using electricalwire loop
-punch biopsy: punch to removetissue for exam
Cervical cancer
most often caused by HPV complications, avg 45 yrs.
Diagnosis: Pap smear; cells obtained from cervix examined for cancer. Biopsy, colposcopy
Rx; radiation, chemotherapy, surgery dependant on lesion size
cervix os
Upper boundary of the cervix; the internal os is the opening b/t cervix and corpus, external is opening b/t cervix and vagina
chlamydia
common STD causing infection in m/f. Can cause permanent dmg to female repro system; difficult w/ pregnancy. Can also cause potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb)
chorionic villus sampling CVS
diagnostic procedure done thru cervix or the abdomen removing a small piece of placental tissue; diagnose chromosomal abnorms
chromotubation
laparoscopic procedure utilizing dye injection thru catheter in uterus; spill is watched thru fallopian tubes; diagnose infertility
chronic prostatitis
most common repro system infection in men older than 50, often follows acute prostatitis
clue cells
vaginal epithelial cells that appear fuzzy without sharp edges under a microscope when they are coated with bacteria; means bacterial vaginosis is present
colposcopy + culdoscopy
-magnified exam of cervix, vagina, and vulva looking for signs of disease
-exam done of rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera
condyloma acuminata (genital warts)
caused by specific types of HPV, which are different from the types that lead to cervical cancers
congenital phimosis
characterized by tightness of the prepuce/foreskin so that it cannot be drawn back over the glans penis; usually self resolving by age 6 but is the justification for circumcision. Occurs in 96% of newborns
copotomy
circumferential incision around the cervix to remove the cervix and uterine fundus; part of a vaginal hysterectomy
cryptorchidism
“condition which testes are hidden” Failure of one or both testes to descend in the first 9 months of life. May be given hormone injections to treat, but primary Rx is orchiopexy, testicle fixation. 5% of undescended testies are vanished testis; cannot be found at time of surgery. Often in premature infants.