Psychiatry Flashcards
hypersomnolent
excessive sleepiness; common experience for chronic sleep deprivation. Related to insufficient or interupted sleep.
Epworth score
A scale used to designate sleepiness from 0-15.
0-7: unlikely that you are abnormally sleepy
8-9: You have average amount of daytime sleepiness
10-15: Moderate-excessive symptoms. You may need to consider medical attention.
glycoproteins
Type of oligosaccharide chains; can attach to lipids or amino acids.
Involved in the immune systen where they allow white blood cells to move around the body, initiate immune response, and ID other cells. Also involved in mucus production.
comorbid
the existence of more than one disease or condition within the body at the same time
CES-D Scoring
Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; used for determining severity of depression
Response values are from 0-3
Ranges from 0-60 with higher scores indicating more symptomatology
Beck Depression Inventory
A 21 question multiple choice self-report psychometric test.
A scale from 0-63 indicating depressive symptoms in a person. Higher total score indicates more depressive severity.
anhedonia
the loss of ability to feel pleasure; common symptom of depressive disorders and substance use. May be caused by decrease in activiation of region of the brain involved in reward and motivation; the ventral striatum
Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS)
an 18 item self-report questionnaire designed to assess ADHD in adults 18+.
ADHD Adult Quality of life questionnaire
29 item self-report measure of functioning in a variety of life domains and adult roles. Items are rated on a 5 pt scale and transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores = higher quality of life
Includes 4 domains; Life productivity, Psychological Health, Relationships, Life Outlook.
QT interval
a prolonged QT interval is an irregular heart rhythm; due to disturbance in ventricular signalling. Takes longer for the heart to recharge b/t beats.
Values of QT can be higher in patients with anxiety disorders.
psychotherapy
type of treatment that can help individuals experiencing mental health conditions and emotional challenges.
Useful in changing cognition.
CBT is popular.
psychomotor
relating to origination of movement in conscious mental activity
paranoia
intense anxious or fearful feelings and thoughts often related to presecution, threat, or conspiracy. Can occur with mental health condxn but most often w/ psychotic disorders.
neuropsychopharmacology
interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology.
Study of neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence or change behaviour.
Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
(1975) 30 question assessment of cognitive fxn that evaluates attention and orientation, memory, registration, recall, calculation, language and ability to draw a complex polygon.
25 or higher is normal
Below 24 indicates possible cognitive impairment
milieu therapy
safe, structured group treatment mehtod for mental health issues.
Uses everyday activities and a conditioned environment to help people with interaction in community settings.
eg; a childs centre with childlike themes
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III ( MCMI-III )
self-reporting instrument for assessing DSM-IV TR related personality disorders and clinical syndromes
Millon Adolescent Clinic Inventory ( MACI )
Self-reporting instrument for assessing an adolescent’s personality pattern along w/ self-reported concerns and clinical syndromes
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 ( MMPI-2)
widely used test for adults designed to assess a number of the major patterns of personality and emotional disorders
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent ( MMPI-A)
empirically based measure of adolescent psychotherapy derived from the original MMPI test which evaluates similar problems
Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire ( 16PF )
measures 16 primary personality factors and 5 global factors that are more gender-neutral, culture-neutral, and race-neutral than previous versions
> Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) /
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Editiion (WISC) /
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Revised ( WPPSI-R)
evaluating the intellectual ability of adults and children respectively, and children from approx ages 3-7 years old
Bender-Gestalt
graphomotor test of an individual’s ability to copy figures; helps detect deficiencies in perception, movement, or coordination
Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
comprehensive assessment of corically mediated fxns, including; sensory motor, language, calculation, memory, and concept formation skills
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( MoCA)
cognitive screen test used to detect thinking or memory issues linked to mild cognitive impairment and/or mild neurocognitive disorders
Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised (WMS-R)
Assesses memory for verbal and figure stimuli, meaningful and abstract material, and delayed as well as immediate recall
Draw a Person Test
scoring system to meet the need for modernized, recently normed, and objective evaluation applied to human figure drawings produced by kids and acolescents
Rorschach Technique
test in which a pt’s description of a series of inkblots can be used to evaluate personality structure for clinical assessment and diagnosis
Thematic Apperception Test ( TAT )
Test that uses ambiguous pictures to stimulate stories, which enable a therapist to evaluate personality structure and reveal some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, and conflicts of a personality
agoraphobia
overwhelming symptoms of anxiety that occur when leaving home; form of social phobia
anhedonia
absence of pleasure from the performance of acts that would normally be pleasurable
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder of excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight
antipsychotic medication
medication that reduces excitement and controls hostile, aggressive behaviour in schizophrenic pts
autism
severe lack of responsiveness to others, preoccupation with inner thoughts, withdrawal and retarded language development
behaviour therapy
conditioning used to relieve anxiety and improve symptoms of illness
changing behavior patterns by training and repetition
bipolar disorder
manic-depressive illness; extreme and unpredictable mood swings from emotional highs to emotional lows (euphoria to despair)
brief therapy
short-tern therapy that focuses on a specific, observable problem with a goal of developing a skill to solve it
cognitive therapy
focuses on helping a patient reconstruct faulty thinking instead of emotions
conversion
anxiety becomes a bodily symptom such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, none of which have an organic basis
delirium
condition characterized by a disturbance of consciousness and a change in cognition that develops over a short period of time
depressive disorder
mood disorder; mild-to-severe symptoms affects sleep, appetite, concentration, interest in life. May be endogenous, situational, or seasonal.
disruptive behavior disorder
characterized by behavior that violates basic rights of others and includes negative, hostile, and age-inappropriate
dissociation
separation of group of mental processes of ideas from the rest of the personality so that they lead an independent existence, as in cases of multiple personality
dysphoria
sadness, hopelessness, depressive mood
dysthymia
chronically depressed mood present for more than 50% of the time over the last 2 years in adults or 1 for children/adolescents
electroconvulsive therapy
therapeutic techniques used for major depressive episodes that have been unresponsive to medications
free association
psychoanalytic technique in which the pt verbalizes without censorship, passing contents of his or her mind
fugue
amnesia with flight from customary surroundings
geriatric psychiatry
subspeciality that deals with prevention, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of cognitive impairment and mental emotional disorders that occur later in life
group therapy
group of pts with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction together
habituation
process of becoming accustomed to a stimulus as a result of frequent exposure of use
hypnosis
trance; state of altered consciousness; used to increase the pace of psychotherapy
id
the major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires
impulse control disorder
disorder characterized by the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or others
labile
unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change
lithium
substance used to treat manic stage of manic-depressive illness
mental disorder
clinically significant behavior associated with distress, disability, increased risk of suffering pain, death, disability, or loss of freedom
mental retardation
below normal intelligence fxning caused by either internal or external factors
motor skills disorder
disorder characterized by motor coordination that is substantially below that expected for a person of a given age and intellectual level
paraphilia
disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors including unusual objects, acitivites, or situation
pavor nocturnus
night terror during sleep in children and the aged
pervasive development disorder
syndrome that begins in infancy and applies to a child who is unresponsive to other people, including parents
phenothiazines
tranquilizers used to treat psychoses
pica
eating disorder manifested by craving to ingest any material not considered food; starch, clay, ash, toys, crayons, cotton, twigs, wood, cigarette butts, soap, paper, metal, etc
play therapy
rx in which child, through use of toys and playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings unable to be communicated in direct manner
projective test
uses abstract of unstructured stimuli to determine underlying personality traits
psychoanalysis
therapy that attempts to make pts aware of unconscious conflicts that are the root of their illness
psychodrama
group therapy in which pt expresses feeling by acting out roles with other patients
psychosis
impairment of mental capacity to recognize reality, communicate, and relate to others
reality testing
ability to perceive fact from fantasy; severely impaired psychoses
repression
defense mechanism in which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses and pushed into the unconcscious
somatoform disorder
suggests general medical condition, but no such condition fully accounts for the physical symptoms
sundowning
confusion or disorientation that increases in the afternoon or evening
superego
internalized conscience and moral part of the personality
transference
psychoanalytic process in which the pt relates to the therapist as they had to a prominent childhood figuret
anticonvulsant drug level
blood test measuring amount of antiepileptic medication in a pt’s blood stream; used in rx of certain behavioral health disoders
CSF cerebrospinal fluid analysis
diagnostic evaluation of specimen removed from spinal canal to rule out organic causes of psychiatric illness
fasting blood sugar FBS
blood level used to monitor for metabolic syndrone; can result from use of pschotropic meds
therapeutic blood level
check levels od medication in system (such as lithium); monitored in rx of certain disorders
toxicology screen ( tox screen )
blood test panel looking for substances in the system such as alcohol, amphetamines, etc
U-tox or Utox/urine test for drugs
urine samples taken looking for alcohol, amphetamines, etc
brain biopsy
surgical removal of brain tissue specimen for histologic study
Can confirm Alzheimer disease or other disorders to rule out organic cause for mental illness
BSI Brief Symptom Inventory
questionnaire-based survery performed as a screen for psychiatric pts to see how they are responding to a rx
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
therapeutic approach combining cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy
Focused on changing behaviors or reactions as thoughts occur, thereby changing the outcome
electroencephalogram (EEG)
electrode brain wave testing to determine if anything abnormal is occurring within the brain to cause personality changes (such as epilepsy or brain lesions)
General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG)
primary care provider screening exam consisting of nine points to test cognitive function; assesses temporal and spatial orientation and is used to diagnose dementia
Mini-Cog
simple screening test for dementia, based on id of objects, clock drawing, and recall of objects previously ID’d
Oswestry Disability Index ODI
fxnal low back pain assessment tool based on a self-administered questionnaire
(SRRS) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale)
scale to measure the amount of stress in a person’s life based upon stress-inducing events in the person’s life; used to correlate with symptoms or signs of illness
systematic desensitization
known as graduated exposure therapy; a behavioral method used to treat most phobias, fears, and anxiety disorders
delirium tremens
most severe form of ethanol withdrawal, manifested by altered mental status (global confusion) and sympathetic overdrive which can progress to cardiovascular collapse
CAGE assessment
4 question screening tool that clinicians use in diagnosis of alcoholism.
Cutting Down
Annoyance by criticism
Guilty Feeling
Eye-openers
