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Medical Transcription > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocortisone hormone, released by the pituitary gland and is responsible for stress response. Triggers adrenal glands to produce cortisol under stress and androgens “sex” hormone

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2
Q

Acidosis

A

excessive acid in the body causing rapid breathing, tiredness, headache, jaundice, inc BP.

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3
Q

ALP - alkaline phosphatase

A

enzyme found in bones, bile ducts, intestines, placenta and tumors. Can indicate bone or liver disease but also responsible for regular growth.

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4
Q

glucometer

A

portable device allowing one to check their blood sugar levels

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5
Q

17-hydroxyprogesterone test

A

measures 17-OHP in the blood which is produced by your adrenal glands. Diagnoses a rare genetic disorder.

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6
Q

hyperaldosteronism

A

disorder where one or both of the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone which regulates blood pressure utilizing salt and potassium

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7
Q

IGF-1

A

insulin-like growth factor. Helps in childhood development and anabolic in adults.

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8
Q

insulin glargine

A

long-lasting insulin that lasts 24 hours to stabilize blood sugars

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9
Q

ketoacidosis

A

uncontrolled ketone production in the body that causes acidosis (change blood Ph). Complication of diabetes

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10
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

treating hyperparathyroid, removal of some or all of the 4 glands in the neck.

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11
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

controls level of calcium in the blood, not the bones

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12
Q

parotitis

A

inflammation of one or both parotid glands on the side of the face

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13
Q

epotein alfa

A

man-made protein that helps the body produce red blood cells

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14
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

body uses too much ADH or vasopressin and creates too much urine, doesnt properly retain water for fxning

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15
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

excess cortisol produced in the body, which regulates blood pressure, stress, muscle tension, memories, salt balance, inflammation, converting food into energy

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16
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

rare tumor of the adrenal medulla made of cromaffin cells “pheochromocytes”. Can cause high BP and headaches

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17
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst -diabetes

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18
Q

POLYURIA

A

excessive urine, can occur with diabetes

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19
Q

Addison disease

A

adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones cortisol and aldosterone, hypoadrenal fxn.- ab pain, diarrhea, steadily worsening fatigue, hyperpigmentation, low BP, hypoglycemia, craving salt

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20
Q

gynecomastia

A

abnormal noncancerous enlargement of one or both breasts in males due to growth of breast tissue due to estrogen and androgen imbalance.

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21
Q

hypovitaminosis

A

insufficiency in one or more essential vitamins in the body. Often vitamin D sun exposure with UVB.

22
Q

pancreas

A

(also digestive) located behind the stomach and fxns as a gland. Regulates the blood sugar levels

23
Q

Pineal gland

A

pea-shaped, mid rear brain. Produces and regulates hormones incl melatonin which affects sleeping and circadian rhythms.

24
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

“Hypophysis” or “master gland”. @ base of brain. Regulates fxns of all other glands. Two lobes; adenohypophysis (anterior) and neurohypophysis (posterior)

25
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormones: stim ovarian follicles to grow and produce estrogen. For males, spermatoza development

26
Q

GnRH (LH)

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone or “Luteinizing”: testosterone in males, androgen, estrogen, progestin in ovaries and develops corpus-luteum in females

27
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormones. Pigment skin.

28
Q

prolactin

A

breat development with pregnancy and milk secretion after delivery. Unknown fxn in males.

29
Q

GH/somatotroph

A

growth hormone. Stimulates bone and tissue growth.

30
Q

TSH

A

Thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone. Regulates structure and fxn of the thryoid, and stimulates synthesis of thyroxine: Heart rate, metabolism, heart muscle.

31
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone - helps kidneys regulate water balance

32
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Below larynx in neck, left and right lobes. Produces Calcitonin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine (T3 and T4)

33
Q

calcitonin

A

produced by the thyroid C cells; lowers plasma concentration of calcium

34
Q

Thyroxine T4

A

Regulates body’s temperature and rate of oxygen use by cells

35
Q

triiodothyronine T3

A

Increases rate of metabolism in the body cells.

36
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

4 small glands on the rear of thyroid glands. Secrete PTH

37
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone - regulates calcium in the blood

38
Q

Adrenal Glands “Suprarenal”

A

2 small glands on top of each kidney. In 2 parts with distinct fxns. Medulla (inner) and cortex (outer)

39
Q

Aldosterone

A

Regulates salt in body and body fluid volume (adrenal)

40
Q

Cortisol

A

Regulates quantity of sugars and fats in the blood (adrenal)

41
Q

epinephrine

A

Adrenaline - constriction or dilation of arterioles, accelerates heart.

42
Q

norepinephrine

A

constrict arterioles, neurotransmitter made from dopamine. Neurotransmitter and hormone. Made from dopamine.

43
Q

islets/islands of Langerhans

A

cells in the pancreas that produce insulin and glucagon

44
Q

insulin

A

Regulates transport and storage of glucose. Fat cells take in glucose.

45
Q

glucagon

A

Increase blood sugar by starting conversion of glycogen to glucose from the liver to be released.

46
Q

diaphoresis / secondary hyperhidrosis

A

excessive sweating due to underlying health problem or medication.

47
Q

ascites

A

fluid collects in spaces in the abdomen; can affect lungs, kidneys, other organs. Causes pain, swelling, nausea, vomiting

48
Q

leukopenia

A

white blood cell levels are lower than normal. May be due to cancer treatment or autoimmune disorder.

49
Q

SIADH Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

A

body makes too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/vasopressin. Body retains too much water; nausea, vomiting, cramps, mood change, seizures, etc

50
Q
A

Medical Transcription (31 decks)

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