Procedures Flashcards
stereotactic frame
mechanical device used to localize a point in space targeting a precise site
stereotactic (stereotaxic) radiosurgery
radiation treatment to inactivate malignant lesions involving the focus of multiple, precise external radiation beams on a target with the aid of a stereotactic frame and imaging for inoperable brain tumors and other lesions
neuroendovascular surgery
diagnosis and treatment of disorders within cerebral blood vessels performed in a specialized angiographic laboratory by interventional neuroradiologists
lumbar puncture
using a hollow needle to remove cerebrospinal fluid for analysis from the spine
craniotomy
surgical opening into the skull
craniectomy
neurosurgical procedure to remove part of the skull, usually to relieve pressure
transsphenoidal resection
removal of pituitary tumors by going through the nose (spenoid sinus) performed with an endoscope, microscope, or both
ablation
procedure to treat atrial fibrillation. Uses small burns or freezes to cause some scarring on the inside of the heart to help break up the electrical signals that cause irregular heartbeats
AICD - Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator
a small electronic device implanted into the chest to monitor and correct severe abnormal heart rhythms. Most effective treatment.
anastomosis
surgical connection between two structures. Usuallys means connection created by tubular structures, such as loops of intestine or blood vessels
bioprosthetic valves
generally made of either bovine pericardium or porcine aortic valves, but may also be from equine or porcine pericardium
discrete drug eluting stent
Stent is placed in an artery to keep it open. It is coated with a slow release medication to help prevent clots from forming in the stent. Treat blockages of heart arteries.
endo-ACAB
minimally invasive approach to coronary bypass; avoids median sternotomy. The internal mammary artery is thoracoscopically opened with 3 small 5 mm holes and a 4-5cm incision is made between the ribs without any mechanical rib spreading.
transesophageal echocardiogram
inserting a probe with a transducer down the esophagus to provide a clearer image of the heart; sound waves do not have to pass through skin, muscle, or bone
Pacemakers
used to treat bradycardic arrhythmias; deliver electrical discharges to stimulate the heart to beat when slow. The device consists of a generator surgically implanted into a pocket just below the clavicle w/ wire leads from the generator into the heart; minimally invasive, done with local anesthesia and takes only about 45 minutes.
implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDS) / implantable defibrillators
detect the onset of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias; within 10-20s deliver a shock that halts arrhythmia and returns normal rhythm. Death preventative - cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. Generator, wire leads, similar to pacemaker.
ablation (AV nodal reentrant tachycardias)
invasive surgical procedure; electrical pathways are mapped in electrophysiology study and then eliminated by placing the tip of the catheter onto the abnormal path and transmitting heat, cold, or microwave to damage the tissue. (thermal, cryo, or microwave)
cardioversion
convert ineffective ventricular rhythms to a more efficient rhythm; often via small electric shocks through electrodes on the chest; as a scheduled procedure with sedated patient.
automatic external defibrillators AEDs
emergency devices for hearts that have stopped or is quivering uselessly in ventricular fibrillation; electrodes on chest deliver shocks to reset rhythm.
cardiac resynchronization therapy CRT
pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators; Resynchronizing pacing restores efficiency of the heart by pacing both right and left ventricles to simultaneously contract
periocardiocentesis
under local anesthesia, needle inserted below breastbone and guided into pericardial sac using echocardiography to help position. A catheter is inserted to drain fluid. Used to treat pericardial tamponade
pericardiectomy / pericardial window
Surgical pericardiocentesis. Fluid is drained through an invasive procedure that removes the membrane surrounding the heart
heart valve repair
either surgical separation of fused flaps, reshaping flaps by adding tissue or patching holes to inrease support at valve bases for weak flaps
balloon valvuloplasty (valvotomy)
Repair stenotic heart valves; a balloon tipped tube is threaded through a blood vessel (usually groin) and into faulty valve where it is inflated to widen the opening. Balloon is deflated and removed.
heart valve replacement
Removing heart valve an replacing with a biological valve or man-made valve. Biological are made from pig, cow, or human heart tissue and may also have man-made components (need to be replaced after 10-15 years). Man made valves are more durable and do not require replacement, but require lifelong anticoagulant medicines
restenosis
reduction in diameter of the vessel of a lumen after angioplasty.
CABG coronary artery bypass graft
invasive surgical procedure; open heart surgery. Usually for multiple narrowed CAs. A graft is created to bypass the blocked area and allow blood flow around.
thrombolytics
break up existing clots. Given through intravenous line. include alteokase, teteplase, urokinase
anticoagulants
“blood thinners” decrease body’s ability to make clots and enlargement of existing clots. Include aspirin, heparin, warfarin, enoxaparin. Also used surgically.
vena cava filter / Greenfield filter
device inserted into vena cava to prevent passage of emboli from the lower venous system to the lungs. Used when anticoagulation is contraindicated or when clots still persist despite medicine.
