Advanced deck A Flashcards
azotemia
condxn of too much nitrogen, creatinine, and other waste products in blood. Symptoms may include chest pain, low extremity swelling, lack of urination, fatigue.
Babinski sign
stimulation of the lateral plantar aspect of the foot leads to dorsiflexion of the big toe.
biphasic
having two phases
blepharoplasty
surgical cosmetic correction to improve the appearance of eyelids
Cardiolite / thallium scan
uses radioactive tracer to see how much blood is reaching different parts of the heart.
bupivacaine (Marcaine)
local anesthetic used in surgical procedures for regional anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, spinal, local infiltration
cauda equina
sack of nerve roots ( nerves leaving spinal cord b/t spaces in bones of the spine to reach other body parts) at the lower end of the spinal cord. Provide sensation in the legs and the bladder.
coagulopathy
any derangement of hemostasis resulting in excessive bleeding or clotting/impaired clot formation.
dermatochalasis
presence of loose skin and redundant eyelid skin. Common sign of periocular aging.
ecchymosis
bruises; blood pooling under skin caused by blood vessel breakage.
EIA antigen test
Enzyme immunoassays detect the virus antigen in patient stool specimens. Detects presence of infection such as salmonella
erythropoietin EPO
glycoprotein hormone, naturally produced by peritubular cells in the kidney to stimulate rbc produxn.
glioblastoma multiforme GBM
grade IV astrocytoma; fast-growing aggressive brain tumor. Invades nearby brain tissue but does not spread to distant organs.
granulomatosis with polyangiitis GPA
rare disorder of blood vessel (granulomatous tissue) inflammation , respiratory tract, and kidneys leading to damage of major body organs.
herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of a hernia; pushing the bulging tissue back into place and repairing weakened connective tissue + muscle known as the hernia defect
hyperaldosteronism
adrenal glands released too much aldosterone, often caused by benign tumor. Can cause excess water and salt retention raising blood pressure and decreased K levels; cramps, weakness.
hyperplastic
type of serrated polyp in the colon; low risk for turning cancerous. Generally removed to ensure they aren’t malignant
hyper serotonergic
excessive accumulation of serotonin causing serotonin syndrome usually due to medication; confusion, edginess, restlessness, headache, etc
hypopharynx
bottom part of the pharynx ending at the top of the trachea and esophagus
hypopnea
slowed, shallow restricted breathing occurring in 10 s or longer episodes repeatedly during sleep. Often occurs with sleep apnea.
Langerhans cell hisiocytosis LCH
rare disease of LCH cells excess; normally helps fight infection; swollen lymph nodes, abdominal pain, delayed puberty, seizures, irritability, deteriorating neuro function
levator aponeurosis
transmits the force of the levator muscle to life the upper eyelid. Dehiscence, disinsertion, or stretching can lead to ptosis
lumbosacral spine
supports majority of body’s weight and protects primary nerves arising from spinal cord.
macrocytosis
enlarged rbcs; decrease in oxygen delivered to main tissues.
normocytic normochromic anemia
rbcs are the same size and have a normal red color; these types of anemias are often a product of other diseases.
neutropenia
low level of neutrophils; type of white blood cell; destroy bacteria and yeasts and are made in the bone marrow
MediPort
medical appliance surgically installed beneath the skin. Catheter connects the port to a vein to deliver medicine, blood, nutrients, or fluids to bloodstream. Chemotherapy typically given via.
meningismus
clinical syndrome of headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, nausea, vomiting. Often caused by meninges inflammation but can also be via increased intracranial pressure
mycosis fungoides
skin lymphoma that affects the body’s T cells. Occurs when white cells become cancerous; often a skin rash is the first sign. No known cure.
myelodysplasia
group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the marrow do not mature and become healthy blood cells.
myelomeningocele MMC
Baby is born with a gap in the bones of the spine; defect of the backbone (spine), spinal cord and spinal canal. Most serious form of spina bifida.
nephron-sparing surgery
treatment for renal cell carcinoma including transection of renal vessels and renorrhaphy.
odynophagia
pain when swallowing. May be described as an ache, burning, or stabbing pain. Often leads to inadvertent weight loss.
onychomycosis
fungal nail infection; encompasses dermatophytes and yeasts and saprophytic mold infections
paronychia
infection of the skin around a fingernail or toenail. Often can be home remedied.
pneumonectomy
surgical procedure to remove one lung. Often performed to remove lung masses and growths like non-small cell lung cancer.
pneumothorax
collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity; air between the parietal and visceral pleura. Causes lung to collapse.
polysomnogram PSG
procedure that utilized electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram, electromyogram, ECG, pulse oximetry, airflow, to evaluate underlying causes of sleep disturbance
postphlebitic (postthrombotic) syndrome
symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency after a DVT. Causes are disorders that result in hypertension, venous damage, or incompetence of valves after DVT.
prognathism
jaw protrudes or juts out. Congenital.
pretrichial
in front of the hairline, incision site.
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis ABRS
infection of both nasal cavity and sinuses. Caused by bacteria.
salicylates
natural chemicals made by plants; found in fruits and vegetables and protect against disease and insects. Used medicinally.
Seldinger technique
over-wire technique of catheter insertion to obtain safe percutaneous access to vessels and hollow organs
SGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
also known as AST, a liver enzyme. When liver cells are damaged, AST leaks out into the bloodstream. Also can leak from the muscles, heart, brain, or kidneys.
SGPT serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase
one of the enzymes found in the liver; high levels indicate serious disease or damage
SPECT
nuclear imaging utilizing computed tomography and radioactive tracer to show flow through tissues and organs.
technetium-99
radioisotope most widely used as a tracer for medical diagnosis.
temporal fascia
fascia of the head that covers the temporalis muscle and structures superior to the zygomatic arch
urosepsis
sepsis caused by infections of the urinary tract; includes cystitis, lower UTI, pyelonephritis, or kidney infection.
viscomydriasis
technique used to push the iris outward and expand the pupil. Aids in capsulorrhexis creation for cataract surgery.
Yergason’s test
identifies pathology involving the biceps tendon or glenoid labrum.
precordium
anatomically the area of the chest wall anterior over the heart
patient coding
refers to cardiac arrest
body habitus
physical characteristics of an individual; physique, bearing, build, etc
SGOT/SGPT ratio
indicator of alcoholic liver disease
croup
disease that causes swelling in the airways and problems breathing. Children often have a creaking/whistle sound; stridor
azotemia
condition of too much nitrogen, creatinine, and other wastes in the blood. Chest pain, lower extremity swelling, lack of urination, fatigue.
paronychia
infection of the skin around a fingernail or toenail
odynophagia
disorder of painful swallowing in the throat, mouth, or esophagus.
Romberg test
bedside physical test used in an exam of neurological function for balance
ethmoidectomy
removes infected tissue and bone in ethmoid sinuses that block natural drainage
arachnoiditis
inflammation of the arachnoid; one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord
osteonecrosis / avascular necrosis
death of bone tissue as a result of disrupted blood flow to a part of bone
postprandial
occurring after a meal
PMR polymyalgia rheumatica
common doncition involving widespread aching and stiffness; often in upper arms, neck, lower back, thighs. Usually worse in mornings.
steatosis
fatty buildup in an organ.
myelominingocele
newborn defect of the spine, spinal cord, and spinal canal; a gap in the bones of the spine
dysmetria
inability of patients to execute complex movements in which the judgement of distance is impaired and expressed as inaccurate control of the range/direction of movement.
TIBC total iron-binding capacity test
measures bloods ability to attach to iron and transport it around the body. Iron deficiency anemia = iron level will be low but TIBC will be high.
HPA axis // hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
neuroendocrine mechanism that mediates the effects of stressors by regulating numerous physiological processes; metabolism, immune responses, ANS
preeclampsia
hypertension disoder during pregnancy.
dermatochalasis
loose/redundant eyelid skin. Common sign of aging.
preaponeurotic fat
adipose cushion for the eye; key anatomical landmark posterior to the orbital septum, anterior to aponeurosis.
levator aponeurosis
transmits force of levator muscle to lift the upper eyelids
pretrichial
directly anterior to the hairline, surgical incision site.
glioblastoma multiforme GBM
AKA grade IV astrocytoma. Fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. Generally does not spread to other organs.
epileptiform
spike waves, sharp waves, or other rhythmic waveforms that imply epilepsy.
hypovolemia
volume depletion or volume contraction; state of abnormally low extracellular fluid in the body. May be due to loss of salt and/or water.
myelodysplastic
group of cancers where immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature/become healthy blood cells
anisometropia
condition of asymmetric refraction between 2 eyes; difference of 1 or more diopter.
hematemesis
internal bleeding signified by vomiting blood
gutta-percha
purified coagulated latex; used to fill a tooth after a root canal procedure
schwannoma
rare type of tumor in the nervous system emerging from Schwann cells that protect and support nerve cells. Often benign.
mucositis
when your mouth or gut is sore and inflamed. Common side effect of chemo or radiotherapy.
bacteremia
presence of bacteria in the blood; can enter via wounds, medical procedures, or even brushing/flossing
synovitis
inflammation in the synovial membrane lining the joints. Arthritis and joint injuries are most common causes.
IgA kappa multiple myeloma
2nd most frequent multiple myeloma; type of cancer that forms in white blood cells called plasma cells. Causes them to build up in the bone marrow.
occipital neuralgia
headache disorder that affects occipital nerves; the nerves that run through the scalp. May experience sharp, stinging or burning sensations on scalp or behind eye
hemicrania continua
headache disorder; constant pain in one side of the face and head. Environmental and lifestyle are not a factor.
giant cell arteritis
inflammation of certain arteries, especially near the temples. Head pain and tenderness.
biliary sludge
mixture of particulate solids that have precipitated from bile; cholesterol crystals, calcium bilirubin pigment, calcium.
rhabdomyolysis (rhabdo)
fatal or permanently disabling condition. Occurs when damaged muscle tissue releases proteins and electrolytes into blood which can damage the heart and kidneys.
NC/AT
Normocephalic and atraumatic
bleeding diathesis
increased tendency to bleed or bruise; often from congenital impaired clotting process.
NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
important metabolic regulator for cellular redox reactions and a co-factor for key enzymes essential for normal cell function
ramus intermedius
variant coronary artery resulting from trifurcation of the left main coronary artery
glycosylated hemoglobin
shows what a person’s average blood glucose level was for the 2-3 months prior; can monitor diabetes
recrudescent
breaking out again
dysthymia
milder but long-lasting form of depression; persistent depressive disorder.
