skeletal system 1 - histology of bone Flashcards
2 classifications of bone
compact bone and spongy bone
diff between compact bone and spongy bone
compact - exterior. gives bone dense and smooth appearance
spongy - interior. holes filled with red marrow
composition of flat bone and examples
layer of spongy bone surrounded by 2 plates of compact bone [pb & J sandwich]
ex - skull, sternum, and ribs
examples of long bone
femur, humerus, phalanges
what makes up shaft of long bone
compact bone
appearance and composition of short bones. list examples
cube shaped
spongy bone surrounded by compact bone on all sides
carpals (wrist) and tarsals (ankle)
examples of irregular bone
vertebrae
where is the primary ossification center?
diaphysis
secondary ossification center?
epiphysis
where is yellow bone marrow found
in the diaphysis aka shaft of long bone
where is red bone marrow found
in the epiphysis aka end of long bone
what provides lengthwise growth of bone
epiphyseal plate
what protects outer covering of bone and contains nerve endings?
periosteum
what is the endosteum
inner lining of medullary cavity containing cells involved in bone formation and reformation
what is articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage located on ends of bone
where bone articulates
what is the purpose of the organic matrix. list examples
allows twisting and stretching
ex. cells, collagen, intercellular matrix
what is found in the inorganic matrix
calcium phosphate salts
what is an osteocyte, where is it found
mature bone cell, found in lacunae
what is osteoblast, where is it found
produces osteoid which is involved in bone formation, found in CT membrane
what is the inorganic compound of bone
osteoid
what is responsible for bone resorption
osteoclast. breaks down bones
2 types of bone formation
intramembranous bone formation
endochondral bone formation
characteristics of intramembranous bone formation
osteoblasts form bone
occurs in early fetal development
grows in ALL DIRECTIONS
ex sutures of the skull
characteristics of endochondral bone formation
begins w hyaline cartilage
osteoblasts replace hyaline cartialge w bone LENGTHWISE
ex long limbs of the bone
nutritional requirements of bone growth
calcium and phosphate salt
vitamin a, c, d
hormone requirements of bone growth
parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
growth hormone
sex hormone
what stimulates osteoclasts and what does that cause?
parathyroid hormone, causes higher calcium levels
what inhibits osteoclasts?
calcitonin, decreases calcium levels
