skeletal system 1 - histology of bone

Question 1

2 classifications of bone

Answer 1

compact bone and spongy bone

Question 2

diff between compact bone and spongy bone

Answer 2

compact - exterior. gives bone dense and smooth appearance

spongy - interior. holes filled with red marrow

Question 3

composition of flat bone and examples

Answer 3

layer of spongy bone surrounded by 2 plates of compact bone [pb & J sandwich]
ex - skull, sternum, and ribs

Question 4

examples of long bone

Answer 4

femur, humerus, phalanges

Question 5

what makes up shaft of long bone

Answer 5

compact bone

Question 6

appearance and composition of short bones. list examples

Answer 6

cube shaped
spongy bone surrounded by compact bone on all sides

carpals (wrist) and tarsals (ankle)

Question 7

examples of irregular bone

Answer 7

vertebrae

Question 8

where is the primary ossification center?

Answer 8

diaphysis

Question 9

secondary ossification center?

Answer 9

epiphysis

Question 10

where is yellow bone marrow found

Answer 10

in the diaphysis aka shaft of long bone

Question 11

where is red bone marrow found

Answer 11

in the epiphysis aka end of long bone

Question 12

what provides lengthwise growth of bone

Answer 12

epiphyseal plate

Question 13

what protects outer covering of bone and contains nerve endings?

Answer 13

periosteum

Question 14

what is the endosteum

Answer 14

inner lining of medullary cavity containing cells involved in bone formation and reformation

Question 15

what is articular cartilage

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage located on ends of bone

where bone articulates

Question 16

what is the purpose of the organic matrix. list examples

Answer 16

allows twisting and stretching

ex. cells, collagen, intercellular matrix

Question 17

what is found in the inorganic matrix

Answer 17

calcium phosphate salts

Question 18

what is an osteocyte, where is it found

Answer 18

mature bone cell, found in lacunae

Question 19

what is osteoblast, where is it found

Answer 19

produces osteoid which is involved in bone formation, found in CT membrane

Question 20

what is the inorganic compound of bone

Answer 20

osteoid

Question 21

what is responsible for bone resorption

Answer 21

osteoclast. breaks down bones

Question 22

2 types of bone formation

Answer 22

intramembranous bone formation

endochondral bone formation

Question 23

characteristics of intramembranous bone formation

Answer 23

osteoblasts form bone
occurs in early fetal development
grows in ALL DIRECTIONS

ex sutures of the skull

Question 24

characteristics of endochondral bone formation

Answer 24

begins w hyaline cartilage
osteoblasts replace hyaline cartialge w bone LENGTHWISE

ex long limbs of the bone

Question 25

nutritional requirements of bone growth

Answer 25

calcium and phosphate salt

vitamin a, c, d

Question 26

hormone requirements of bone growth

Answer 26

parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
growth hormone
sex hormone

Question 27

what stimulates osteoclasts and what does that cause?

Answer 27

parathyroid hormone, causes higher calcium levels

Question 28

what inhibits osteoclasts?

Answer 28

calcitonin, decreases calcium levels