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Anatomy > Digestive 1 > Flashcards

Digestive 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of epithelium cells is the GI tract made up of?

A

simple columnar

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2
Q

what type of cell are your cheeks, pharynx and esophagus made up of?

A

stratified squamous

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3
Q

what type of epithelium cell are your cheeks lined with?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

what does your palate consist of?

A

hard palate, soft palate, uvula

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5
Q

what is your hard palate formed by?

A

maxilla and palatine bones

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6
Q

what does your soft palate consist of?

A

muscle.

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7
Q

what part of the mouth does the uvula protect?

A

protects soft palate

prevents food from going up nose

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8
Q

diff between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?

A

intrinsic - interwoven skeletal muscle

extrinsic - attached to base of tongue, originate from other areas like hyoid bone

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9
Q

what is the dorsal surface of the tongue made up of?

A

papillae

taste buds, raised areas, sensitive to touch

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10
Q

what is the exposed portion of the teeth?

A

crown

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11
Q

what is the portion of the teeth that enters the gum?

A

neck

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12
Q

what is the peridontal membrane?

A

special type of peritoneum that lines socket

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13
Q

what alveolus of the teeth?

A

socket in bone

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14
Q

what does the internal structure of teeth consist of?

A

dentin, enamel, pulp, root canal

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15
Q

what are the buccal glands?

A

small glands located on the mucosal membrane of mouth

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16
Q

where are the parotid glands located and where does it drain into?

A

located inferior and anterior to ear

drains into oral cavity near 2nd upper molar

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17
Q

where are the submandibular glands located? where does it empty into?

A

inside the mandible

drains into floor of mouth

18
Q

what is the composition of saliva?

A

99% water
enzymes: lysozyme and amylase
mucous
salts

19
Q

what is the purpose of salts in saliva?

A

maintaining proper pH

20
Q

what structures make up the alimentary canal?

A

esophagus to anal canal

21
Q

what four layers is the alimentary canal made up of?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

22
Q

which epithelium layers is the mucosa of the alimentary canal made up of?

A

stratified squamous
simple columnar
lamina propria

23
Q

which organs of the alimentary canal are made up of simple columnar cells?

A

stomach, small & large intestines

24
Q

what type of cell is lamina propria made up of?

A

basement membrane

25
Q

what does the submucosa layer contain?

A

many blood vessels
elastic and collagenous fibers -> allows gi tract to expand
nerve plexuses

26
Q

what does the muscularis layer contain?

A 
smooth muscle (inner circular layer that mixes food)
outer longitudinal layer (propels food)
27
Q

what type of system is the muscularis layer innervated by?

A

autonomic nervous system

28
Q

what is the outer covering of the serosa layer composed of?

A

fibrous CT

29
Q

what are the components of the autonomic nervous system of the GI tract?

A

celiac plexus and mesenteric plexus
meissners plexus
myenteric plexus

30
Q

where is the celiac plexus and mesenteric plexus located, and what do they do?

A

located around major arteries

transmits impulses from vagus nerve (CN X)

31
Q

where is meissners plexus located? state its purpose

A

within submucosa

controls glands and mucosal folds, contraction of muscularis mucosae

32
Q

where is the myenteric plexus located? purpose?

A

muscularis layer

major nerve supply to smooth muscle of the GI tract

33
Q

which plexus of the Gi tract aids in peristalsis and segmentation?

A

myenteric plexus

34
Q

what do sympathetic fibers do to the GI tract? parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic inhibits GI tract

parasympathetic promotes GI activity

35
Q

where is the esophagus located?

A

posterior to trachea

36
Q

where does the esophagus begin?

A

larynx

37
Q

where does the esophagus pass through to join the stomach?

A

hiatus in diaphragm

38
Q

what is the mucosal layer of the esophagus made up of?

A

stratified squamous

submucosa

39
Q

what is the muscular layer of the esophagus made up of?

A

upper 1/3 - skeletal muscle
middle - combo of both skeletal and smooth muscle
lower 1/3 - smooth muscle

40
Q

what is the purpose of the gastroesophageal sphincter?

A

prevents stomach contents from being regurgitated into esophagus

41
Q

what type of muscle is the gastroesophageal sphincter made up of?

A

smooth

Anatomy (32 decks)

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