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Anatomy > Respiration 2 > Flashcards

Respiration 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is found in the hilum of the lung on the medial surface?

A

pulmonary vessels and bronchi

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2
Q

locate the apex, base, costal, and medial surface of each lung.

A

apex - above clavicle
base - inferior, concave fits over convex dome of diaphragm
costal - in contact w ribs
medial - where pulmonary vessels pass into lung

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3
Q

the cardiac notch is located on which lung?

A

left

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4
Q

what is the pleura of the lungs?

A

double walled sac that protects the lungs

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5
Q

what is the visceral pleura?

A

on the lungs.

serous membrane that adheres directly to the surface of lungs

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6
Q

what is the parietal pleura?

A

serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

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7
Q

what is the pleural cavity?

A

space between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes which contains pleural fluid for lubricaton

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8
Q

what is pleurisy?

A

infection of pleural membranes where dry swollen membranes rub against each other during respiration

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9
Q

into which intercostal space would you insert a needle at the midclavicular line?

A

6-7, 7-8

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10
Q

into which intercostal space is it safe to insert a needle at the midaxillary line?

A

Rib 8-9, 9-10

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11
Q

into which intercostal space is it safe to insert a needle at the midscapular line?

A

10-11, 11-12

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12
Q

what is each lung supplied by?

A

primary bronchi

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13
Q

what is each lobe supplied by?

A

secondary bronchi

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14
Q

how many does the right lung have? left lung?

A

right: 3 lobes; superior, inferior, middle
left: 2 lobe; superior, inferior

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15
Q

each lobe is further divided into what segments?

A

bronchopulmonary segments

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16
Q

what is each bronchopulmonary segment supplied by?

A

tertiary bronchus
pulmonary arteriole
pulmonary venule

17
Q

why are bronchopulmonary segments clinically important?

A

tumors may be surgically removed without disrupting function of remaining lung tissue

18
Q

what are the qualities of alveoli?

A

small grapelike clusters of sacs where gas exchange occurs

simple squamous epithelial

surrounded by capillaries

19
Q
  • what is the respiratory membrane composed of?
A

endothelium of capillary (simple squamous)

squamous cell of alveolar sac

20
Q

what is the respiratory distress syndrome?

A

premature infants have inadequate supply of surfactant, which makes breathing difficult

21
Q

what type of muscle is the diaphragm made up of?

A

skeletal muscle

22
Q

which two cavities does the diaphragm separate?

A

thoracic and abdominal

23
Q

what nerve supplies the diapragm, where does it originate from?

A

phrenic nerve c3 c4 c5

24
Q

what are the 3 openings which structures of the thoracic cavity must pass to enter the abdominal cavity?

A

aorta, inferior vena cava, esophagus

25
Q

what type of muscle are intercostal muscles made up of?

A

skeletal muscles

26
Q

what do the internal and external layers of intercostal skeletal muscles do?

A

help alter the size of the thoracic cavity

27
Q

breathing is regulated by…?

A

nervous system and peripheral chemoreceptors

28
Q

how does the nervous system help regulate breathing?

A

CNS and PNS motor neurons control contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

29
Q

*which parts of the brain has input in respiratory?

A

pons and medulla

hypothalamus

30
Q

*what is the purpose of baroreceptors?

A

responds to pressure changes -> non-voluntary automatically kicks in

31
Q

where are the carotid body and aortic bodies located? what do they respond to?

A

carotid body is near bifurcation
aortic bodies are near aortic arch
they respond to changes in pH (due to co2 lvls)

32
Q

which nerves transmit info to the brainstem?

A

CN IX and CN X

33
Q

what does the movement of air into and out of the lungs depend on?

A

pressure difference between the air in the atmosphere and air in the lungs.

air flows from high pressure to low pressure.

34
Q

what is involved in inspiration?

A

contraction of the diaphragm -> lowers/flattens dome

contraction of intercostal muscles -> elevation of ribs (up and out)

35
Q

if you are sitting, what type of expiration would you be using?

A

passive elastic recoil

36
Q

what occurs during passive elastic recoil?

A

relaxation of skeletal muscle of the diaphragm (rises)
relaxation of intercostal : ribs move down and inward
decreases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity

37
Q

how does decreasing the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity help expel air?

A

dec dimension -> inc pressure -> air moves out

38
Q

if you are running, what type of expiration will you be using?

A

forced expiration

39
Q

what occurs during forced expiration?

A

abdominal muscles contract and push organs upward further

decrease size of thoracic cavity to force more air out

Anatomy (32 decks)

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