Lec 18 - Nervous System VI

Question 1

what is the function of the olfactory cranial nerve?

Answer 1

sensory.

sense of smell

Question 2

what is the function of the optic cranial nerve?

Answer 2

sensory

electrical impulse goes back to brain

Question 3

what is the optic nerve formed by?

Answer 3

axons of ganglion cells

Question 4

what is the function of the oculomotor cranial nerve?

Answer 4

motor
controls majority of extra-ocular muscles

supplies smooth muscle (size of pupil) [involuntary]

Question 5

what is the function of the trochlear cranial nerve?

Answer 5

motor.

controls 1 muscle that moves the eyeball

Question 6

what is the function of the trigeminal cranial nerve?

Answer 6

motor - muscles of mastication

sensory for the 3 areas of the face

Question 7

what is the function of the abducens cranial nerve?

Answer 7

motor
muscles for looking laterally (abducens = abduct)
ONE muscle

Question 8

what is the function of the facial cranial nerve?

Answer 8

motor for facial muscles
sensory for part of earlobe
involuntary :: controls lacrimal gland [produces tears], salivary glands

Question 9

what is the function of the vestibulocochlear cranial nerve?

Answer 9

pure sensory

Question 10

what is the function of the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve?

Answer 10

motor for 1 skeletal muscle in pharnynx
sensory for back of throat (sore throat), general sensation for touch
involuntary :: salivary glands

Question 11

what is the function of the vagus cranial nerve?

Answer 11

vagus = “wanderer”

“wanders into the thorax and abdomen
motor - muscles of larynx
involuntary - smooth muscles in heart, kidney, intestines

Question 12

what is the function of the accessory cranial nerve?

Answer 12

supplies trapezius and SCM

Question 13

what is the function of the hypoglossal cranial nerve?

Answer 13

runs inferior to tongue, innervates tongue muscles

Question 14

the autonomic nervous system involves which 2 neuron chains?

Answer 14

neuron 1 - preganglionic neuron

neuron 2 - postganglionic neuron

Question 15

what are the major differences between somatic and autonomic motor innervation?

Answer 15

somatic = skeletal muscles, visceral = smooth/autonomic

motor unit = 1 motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers
autonomic = 2 neuron chain: preganglionic, postganglionic

somatic = nerves thick and heavily myelinated, rapid conduction
visceral = nerves thin and unmyelinated, slow conduction

Question 16

what are main differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic subdivisions of the autonomic nervous systems?

Answer 16

location of pre and post ganglionic neurons
neurotransmitter
effect

Question 17

what is the location of the components of the sympathetic division?

Answer 17

sympathetic chain, adrenal, front of aorta

Question 18

what do preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division synapse with?

Answer 18

spinal cord

Question 19

where are postganglionic neurons (sympathetic) found?

Answer 19

1. sympathetic chain or paravertebral ganglia.

2. prevertebral ganglia

Question 20

which neurotransmitters are found in the sympathetic division?

Answer 20

preganglion - acetylcholine

postganglion - norepinephrine

Question 21

what is the general effect of the sympathetic division?

Answer 21

fight or flight response

Question 22

what is the location and secretions of the adrenal medulla? what cells does it contain?

Answer 22

contains cells derived from postganglionic neurons

location - above kidney
secretions - norepinephrine (nerve related), epinephrine (endocrine)

Question 23

where are the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division located?

Answer 23

1. nuclei of cranial nerves located in the brainstem (oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)
2. sacral region of the spinal cord (S2, S3, S4 only)

Question 24

where are the postganglionic neurons located in the parasympathetic?

Answer 24

close to organ or in organ

no specific place

Question 25

what is the neurotransmitter of postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic?

Answer 25

acetylcholine - released by pre and post ganglionic

Question 26

what is the general effect of postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division?

Answer 26

rest & digest