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Anatomy > Lecture 32 - 33 - Digestive II > Flashcards

Lecture 32 - 33 - Digestive II Flashcards

1
Q

what is the parietal peritoneum?

A

lines body cavity

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2
Q

what is the visceral peritoneum?

A

covers organs

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3
Q

what is the greater omentum?

A

suspended from the interior curvature of the stomach to posterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

what is the lesser omentum?

A

attaches the lesser curvature of stomach to liver

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5
Q

what is the function of the falciform ligament?

A

attaches liver to inferior side of diaphragm and anterior body wall

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6
Q

what is the mesentery?

A

attaches small intestine to posterior abdominal wall

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7
Q

what is the mesocolon?

A

attaches large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

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8
Q

what does retroperitoneal mean?

A

organs that are not completely covered with peritoneum.

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9
Q

which organs are retroperitoneal/

A

pancreas
kidney
portion of duodenum
ascending and descending colon

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10
Q

where is the stomach located?

A

upper left quadrant

between esophagus and small intestine

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11
Q

the stomach is a j shaped organ divided into what 4 regions?

A

pylorus
body
fundus
cardiac

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12
Q

what are the borders of the stomach?

A

greater curvature - inferior

lesser curvature - superior

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13
Q

the muscularis layer of the stomach is composed of what 3 layers?

A

circular - inner (smooth)
longitudinal - outer (propels)
oblique layer

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14
Q

what is the rugae?

A

folds of mucosal layer

increases SA for secretion and digestion

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15
Q

what cells are found in the gastric glands?

A

chief cells
parietal cells
mucous cells
enteroendocrine cells

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16
Q

what enzyme do chief cells produce?

A

pepsinogen

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17
Q

what is the function of parietal cells?

A

produce HCl to dec pH of stomach

intrinsic factor required for B12 absorption

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18
Q

what hormone does enteroendocrine cells secrete?

A

gastrin - increases GI activity

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19
Q

where is the pyloric sphincter located?

A

most distal part of stomach

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20
Q

function of the pyloric sphinctor?

A

changes diameter by contracting and relaxing

passageway of cyme

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21
Q

what are the functions of the stomach?

A

mechanical mixing of food and chyme
initiates protein digestion
storage of cyme
absorption (minimum)

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22
Q

where is the small intestine located?

A

extends from pyloric sphincter to large intestine

occupies central and lower portion of abdominal cavity

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23
Q

what part of the small intestine has a C-shaped region and is retroperitoneal?

A

duodenum

24
Q

what are the duodenal papilla

A

opening through which bile and enzymes enter the duodenum

25
Q

what is brunners gland

A

secretes alkaline mucosa

26
Q

what part of the small intestine is found in the middle portion and has slightly larger lumen?

A

jejunum

27
Q

what is the third region of the small intestine?

A

ileum

28
Q

what are peyer’s patches?

A

clusters of lymphatic tissue that prevents bacteria from going into small intestine

29
Q

what are functions of the small intestine?

A

major site of chemical digestion
mechanical mixing
major site of absorption of nutrients
propels undigested materials to large intestine

30
Q

where are the rugae, gastric glands, and pyloric sphincter found?

A

mucosal layer of stomach

31
Q

what are the structural specializations of the intestinal wall?

A

plicae circulares
villi, microvilli, lacteals
intestinal glands

32
Q

what are the plicae circulares?

A

deep folds of mucosa

33
Q

what are microvilli, whats its purpose

A

microscopic processes on columnar cells

promotes absorption

34
Q

what are lacteals

A

tiniest lymphatic vessels

35
Q

what do intestinal glands do?

A

secrete enzymes

36
Q

where is the large intestine located?

A

end of ileum -> lower right quadrant

extends superiorly to liver

37
Q

what are the regions of the large intestine?

A 
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
38
Q

what is the cecum? where is it located

A

dilated pouch at junction of small and large intestines

located in lower right quadrant

39
Q

what is the purpose of the ileocecal valve?

A

guards opening

40
Q

where is the ascending colon located on?

A

right side

41
Q

where is the transverse colon

A

passes from right to left side

42
Q

what part of the large intestine is s-shaped, extends from left side of body to center?

A

sigmoid colon

43
Q

where is the rectum located?

A

midline, leads to anal canal

44
Q

where does the anal canal lead to?

A

anus, sphincters

45
Q

what muscles are found in the internal anal sphincter and external ?

A

internal - smooth

external - skeletal

46
Q

which regions of the large intestine join one another at the hepatic flexure and splenic flexure?

A

hepatic flexure - ascending and transverse

splenic flexure - descending and transverse

47
Q

what is another name for the hepatic and splenic flexures?

A

hepatic - right colic flexure

splenic - left colic flexure

48
Q

what are the structural specializations of the wall of the large intestine?

A

taeniae coli
haustra
epiploic appendages

49
Q

what are the taeniae coli?

A

3 distinct bands of smooth muscle

50
Q

what are the haustra?

A

sac like regions

51
Q

what are the functions of the large intestine?

A

absorption of water
manufacture vitamins
contains normal bacteria [flora]
formation,storage,expulsion of feces

52
Q

where is the appendix located?

A

lower right quadrant

behind cecum

53
Q

what structure has fingerlike projections, blind pouch, lymphatic tissue?

A

appendix

54
Q

where are peyer’s patches found?

A

ileum

55
Q

where does majority of absorption take place?

A

jejunum

56
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

expels bile

concentration and storage of bile

57
Q

difference between exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

exocrine - pancreatic enzymes travel thru duct

endocrine - alpha and beta cells go straight into blood stream (alpha = glucagon, beta = insulin)

Anatomy (32 decks)

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