Lec 26 Respiration 1 Flashcards
what is the posterior portion of the nose?
nasopharynx
what is the inferior boundary of the nasal cavity composed of
maxilla and palatine bones
what composes the lining of the nasal cavity?
mucosa goblet cells blood vessels olfactory epithelium cilia
what kind of cells is mucosa made up of?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what is found in the mucous membrane of epithelium and produces sticky mucus to bathe surfaces?
goblet cells
in which bones are the paranasal sinuses found?
frontal
ethmoid
splenoid
maxilla
what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?
they lessen the weight of bone
play a role in sound resonance
which structure connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus?
pharynx
what muscle is the pharynx composed of?
skeletal muscle [for swallowing]
what cells line the pharynx?
stratified squamous epithelium
which division of the pharynx contains an opening for auditory?
nasopharynx
which division of the pharynx contains pharyngeal tonsils, aka adenoids?
nasopharynx
during the act of swallowing, which structures are elevated to close off the nasopharynx?
soft palate and uvula
which division of the nasal cavity is the uppermost portion, the middle portion, and lowermost portion?
nasopharynx - upper
oropharynx - middle
laryngopharynx - lowermost
which part of the pharynx contains lingual and palatine tonsils?
oropharynx
which part of the pharynx is the region where food is?
laryngopharynx
what structures does the larynx connect?
laryngopharynx with trachea
what vertebral levels is the larynx located?
C4-6
which prominent anterior cartilaginous plate of the larynx is also known as the adams apple?
thyroid cartilage
what is the cricoid cartilage?
ring shaped cartilage located inferior to thyroid cartilage
where is the epiglottis attached?
posteriorly to the thyroid cartilage
which part of the larynx acts as a flap behind the base of the tongue?
epiglottis
what part of the throat are the vocal cords connected to?
larynx
what type of CT is found in the vocal cords?
elastic CT
what type of cartilage are vocal cords attached to in the larynx?
arytenoid cartilage
where is the trachea located?
inferior to larynx
anterior to esophagus
connects larynx to bronchi
what happens to the trachea at the sternal angle?
it bifurcates into 2 primary bronchi
what is the structure of the trachea?
multiple C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
what type of CT composes the posterior wall of the trachea?
fibrous CT
why does the trachea need to be flexible?
to allow for expansion of the esophagus aka swallowing
what type of epithelium is the trachea lined with?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
where does the primary bronchi begin?
at the sternal angle
the primary bronchi is composed of rings of cartilage lined with what type of epithelium and muscle?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and smooth muscle
what do the primary bronchi bifurcate into?
right and left bronchi
how many lobes are in the left lung? right lung?
left : 2
right : 3
what is the purpose of the secondary bronchi?
to conduct air
what happens as the secondary bronchi become more terminal?
increase in amt of smooth muscle in wall of bronchi
in the tertiary bronchi, what happens when cartilage gradually decreases?
smooth muscle inc
what type of epithelium is found in tertiary bronchi?
cuboidal like epithelium
what are characteristics of terminal bronchioles?
only smooth muscles and epithelium
NO cartilage
open into alveolar ducts
where does gas exchange occur in the lung?
alveoli
what nerve fibers are located in the roof of the nasal cavity
olfactory nerve
name of duct that carries tears from eye to nasal cavity
nasolacrimal duct
anteriorly, the nasal septum is composed of?
cartilage
posteriorly, the nasal septum is composed of?
vomer, ethmoid
what is located in the interior of the larynx?
vocal cords
what are true vocal cords made out of? false?
true - elastic CT
false - inelastic CT
what is the shape of cricoid cartilage?
signet ring
what is the name of the membrane located between larynx and cricoid cartilage?
cricothyroid membrane
how does the cartilagenous framework of the trachea differ from the cricoid cartilage?
it is C-shaped and more flexible bc esophagus is behind trachea so you want greater expansion
why is cartilage present in the respiratory tract? where is it absent?
for protection. absent in posterior surface of trachea
how do the right and left primary bronchi differ in length?
right is straighter and shorter
left is curved and longer
what region of the lung do the left and right secondary bronchi supply?
lobes
how does composition of terminal bronchioles differ from the rest of the bronchial tree?
no cartilage
