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Anatomy > Lec 26 Respiration 1 > Flashcards

Lec 26 Respiration 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the posterior portion of the nose?

A

nasopharynx

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2
Q

what is the inferior boundary of the nasal cavity composed of

A

maxilla and palatine bones

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3
Q

what composes the lining of the nasal cavity?

A 
mucosa
goblet cells
blood vessels
olfactory epithelium
cilia
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4
Q

what kind of cells is mucosa made up of?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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5
Q

what is found in the mucous membrane of epithelium and produces sticky mucus to bathe surfaces?

A

goblet cells

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6
Q

in which bones are the paranasal sinuses found?

A

frontal
ethmoid
splenoid
maxilla

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7
Q

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

they lessen the weight of bone

play a role in sound resonance

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8
Q

which structure connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus?

A

pharynx

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9
Q

what muscle is the pharynx composed of?

A

skeletal muscle [for swallowing]

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10
Q

what cells line the pharynx?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

which division of the pharynx contains an opening for auditory?

A

nasopharynx

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12
Q

which division of the pharynx contains pharyngeal tonsils, aka adenoids?

A

nasopharynx

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13
Q

during the act of swallowing, which structures are elevated to close off the nasopharynx?

A

soft palate and uvula

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14
Q

which division of the nasal cavity is the uppermost portion, the middle portion, and lowermost portion?

A

nasopharynx - upper
oropharynx - middle
laryngopharynx - lowermost

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15
Q

which part of the pharynx contains lingual and palatine tonsils?

A

oropharynx

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16
Q

which part of the pharynx is the region where food is?

A

laryngopharynx

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17
Q

what structures does the larynx connect?

A

laryngopharynx with trachea

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18
Q

what vertebral levels is the larynx located?

A

C4-6

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19
Q

which prominent anterior cartilaginous plate of the larynx is also known as the adams apple?

A

thyroid cartilage

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20
Q

what is the cricoid cartilage?

A

ring shaped cartilage located inferior to thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

where is the epiglottis attached?

A

posteriorly to the thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

which part of the larynx acts as a flap behind the base of the tongue?

A

epiglottis

23
Q

what part of the throat are the vocal cords connected to?

A

larynx

24
Q

what type of CT is found in the vocal cords?

A

elastic CT

25
Q

what type of cartilage are vocal cords attached to in the larynx?

A

arytenoid cartilage

26
Q

where is the trachea located?

A

inferior to larynx
anterior to esophagus
connects larynx to bronchi

27
Q

what happens to the trachea at the sternal angle?

A

it bifurcates into 2 primary bronchi

28
Q

what is the structure of the trachea?

A

multiple C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

29
Q

what type of CT composes the posterior wall of the trachea?

A

fibrous CT

30
Q

why does the trachea need to be flexible?

A

to allow for expansion of the esophagus aka swallowing

31
Q

what type of epithelium is the trachea lined with?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

32
Q

where does the primary bronchi begin?

A

at the sternal angle

33
Q

the primary bronchi is composed of rings of cartilage lined with what type of epithelium and muscle?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and smooth muscle

34
Q

what do the primary bronchi bifurcate into?

A

right and left bronchi

35
Q

how many lobes are in the left lung? right lung?

A

left : 2

right : 3

36
Q

what is the purpose of the secondary bronchi?

A

to conduct air

37
Q

what happens as the secondary bronchi become more terminal?

A

increase in amt of smooth muscle in wall of bronchi

38
Q

in the tertiary bronchi, what happens when cartilage gradually decreases?

A

smooth muscle inc

39
Q

what type of epithelium is found in tertiary bronchi?

A

cuboidal like epithelium

40
Q

what are characteristics of terminal bronchioles?

A

only smooth muscles and epithelium
NO cartilage
open into alveolar ducts

41
Q

where does gas exchange occur in the lung?

A

alveoli

42
Q

what nerve fibers are located in the roof of the nasal cavity

A

olfactory nerve

43
Q

name of duct that carries tears from eye to nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal duct

44
Q

anteriorly, the nasal septum is composed of?

A

cartilage

45
Q

posteriorly, the nasal septum is composed of?

A

vomer, ethmoid

46
Q

what is located in the interior of the larynx?

A

vocal cords

47
Q

what are true vocal cords made out of? false?

A

true - elastic CT

false - inelastic CT

48
Q

what is the shape of cricoid cartilage?

A

signet ring

49
Q

what is the name of the membrane located between larynx and cricoid cartilage?

A

cricothyroid membrane

50
Q

how does the cartilagenous framework of the trachea differ from the cricoid cartilage?

A

it is C-shaped and more flexible bc esophagus is behind trachea so you want greater expansion

51
Q

why is cartilage present in the respiratory tract? where is it absent?

A

for protection. absent in posterior surface of trachea

52
Q

how do the right and left primary bronchi differ in length?

A

right is straighter and shorter

left is curved and longer

53
Q

what region of the lung do the left and right secondary bronchi supply?

A

lobes

54
Q

how does composition of terminal bronchioles differ from the rest of the bronchial tree?

A

no cartilage

Anatomy (32 decks)

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