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HOSA: Med Term > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

define CRANIUM

A

portion of skull that encloses brain

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2
Q

define INTERSTITIAL

A

between parts of tissue

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3
Q

define SUBCOSTAL

A

below
supracostal ribs

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4
Q

define SUPRACOSTAL

A

above/outside ribs

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5
Q

describe COMPACT BONE

A

dense, hard, & very strong protective outer layer of bone; >75% body bone matter by weight

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6
Q

aka: compact bone

A

cortical bone

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7
Q

define SPONGY BONE

A

porous bone w/red marrow

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8
Q

aka: spongy bone

A

cancellous bone

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9
Q

define MEDULLARY CAVITY

A

central cavity in shaft of long bones surrounded by commpact

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10
Q

define ENDOSTEUM

A

tissue lining medullary cavity

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11
Q

describe CARTILAGE

A

shock absorber; smooth, rubbery, & blue white connective tissue; more elastic & flexible than bone

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12
Q

describe ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

A

covers surface of bones that articulate @ joints

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13
Q

define MENISCUS

A

curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joint (knee & TMJ)

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14
Q

describe FIBROUS JOINTS

A

inflexible layers of connective holding bones tight; little to no movement; ex: sutures

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15
Q

define CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS

A

slight movement via cartilage

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16
Q

define SYNOVIAL JOINT

A

variety of motion; 6 types

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17
Q

define SYNOVIAL CAPSULE

A

outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue resembling sleeve surrounding joint

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18
Q

define SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

A

lines capsule & secretes synovial fluid

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19
Q

define BURSA

A

fibrous sack that cush areas from friction where tendon passes over bone

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20
Q

describe the AXIAL SKELETON

A

skull & spine; protection; 80 bones

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21
Q

describe the APPENDICULAR SKELETON

A

movement & protection; 126 bones

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22
Q

list the auditory ossicles

A

stapes, malleus, incus

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23
Q

which ribs are true ribs

A

1-7

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24
Q

which ribs are false ribs

A

8-10

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25
Q

which ribs are floating ribs

A

11-12

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26
Q

define MANUBRIUM

A

bony upper part of sternum

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27
Q

body of sternum is also called

A

gladiolus

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28
Q

aka: pectoral girdle

A

shoulder girdle

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29
Q

define ACROMION

A

extension of scapula creating high pnt of shoulder

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30
Q

define OLECRANON

A

large, proximal tip of ulna forming pnt of elbow & exposes nerve

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31
Q

aka: olecranon

A

funny bone

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32
Q

describe LAMINA

A

posterior part of vertebrae; transverse & spinous processes for attachments

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33
Q

define SACROILIAC

A

slightly movable between sacrum & posterior part of ilium

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34
Q

define CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS

A

anterior & posterior ligaments of knee making movement possible

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35
Q

define MALLEOLUS

A

rounded bony projection on tibia & fibula @ sides of ankles

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36
Q

define TALUS

A

ankle bone articulate w/tibia & fibula

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37
Q

define ANKYLOSIS

A

loss/absence of mobility in joint bc adhesion

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38
Q

define ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS

A

painful ankylosis of shoulder

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39
Q

adhesive capsulitis is also called

A

frozen shoulder

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40
Q

define ARTHROSCLEROSIS

A

stiffness of joint

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41
Q

define BAKER’S CYST

A

fluid filled sack behind knee bc of condition causing excess synovial fluid

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42
Q

aka: baker’s cyst

A

popliteal cyst

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43
Q

define COSTOCHONDRITIS

A

inflammation of cartilage in ribs

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44
Q

define HALLUX VALGUS

A

abnormal enlargement of joint @ base of big toe

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45
Q

cause: hallux valgus

A

hereditary structural defect, arthritis, poor footwear

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46
Q

aka: hallux valgus

A

bunion

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47
Q

define HEMARTHROSIS

A

blood in joint

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48
Q

cause: hemarthrosis

A

joint injury, spontaneous when taking blood thinning medication/have blood clot disorder

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49
Q

describe POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA (PMR)

A

inflammatory disorder of muscles & joints; stiffness in neck, shoulders, upper arms, thighs, & hips

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50
Q

define SYNOVITIS

A

inflammation of synovial membrane

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51
Q

cause: synovitis

A

arthritis, trauma, infection, irritation

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52
Q

define OSTEOARTHRITIS

A

wear away cartilage between joint & hypertrophy of bone & formation of osteophytes

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53
Q

describe OSTEOPHYTES

A

bone spurs; painful & restrict movement

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54
Q

aka: osteoarthritis

A

wear & tear arthritis or DJD

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55
Q

describe SPONDYLOSIS

A

loss of normal spinal structure & function, stiffening of spine

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56
Q

aka: spondylosis

A

spinal osteoarthritis

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57
Q

describe GOUT

A

deposits of urate crystals; joints hot, red, extremely sensitive

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58
Q

aka: gout

A

gouty arthritis

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59
Q

define PSEUDOGOUT

A

buildup of calcium pyrophosphate crystals gen in knees & wrist

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60
Q

describe RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

A

chronic autoimmune; progressively attack synovial membrane making it swollen, painful, & immobile leading to inflammation & deformities

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61
Q

describe ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

A

form of rheumatoid arthritis; inflammation between vertebrae & fusion of vertebrae limiting mobility & lung capacity

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62
Q

aka: ankylosing spondylitis

A

rheumatoid arthritis of spine

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63
Q

describe JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

A

see in kids less or equal to 16 yrs & able to be outgrown; stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, fatigue

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64
Q

aka: juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

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65
Q

define PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

A

developed by 20% ppl w/psoriasis

66
Q

herniated disk is also called

A

slipped/ruptured disk

67
Q

define SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

A

lumbar vertebrae slip forward onto bone below

68
Q

describe SPINA BIFIDA

A

congenital; spinal canal doesn’t close completely around cord so part of membrane covering cord protrude thru gap in spine

69
Q

define MYELOMENINGOCELE

A

form of spina bifida w/protrusion of part of cord & meninges thru spine

70
Q

define KYPHOSIS

A

abnormal increase thoracic curvature

71
Q

define LORDOSIS

A

abnormal increase forward lumbar curvature

72
Q

define AVASCULAR NECROSIS

A

area of bone tissue death (gen hip) most common in adults 30-50 yrs

73
Q

aka: avascular necrosis

A

osteonecrosis

74
Q

cause: avascular necrosis

A

trauma, high-dose steroid usage, excessive alcohol consumption

75
Q

define OSTEOMYELITIS

A

inflammation of bone marrow & adjacent bone bc of bacterial infection

76
Q

describe PAGET’S DISEASE

A

abnormal break down of bone w/abnormal bone formation; new bone enlarged, misshaped, & weak

77
Q

aka: paget’s disease

A

osteitis deformans

78
Q

define PERIOSTINITIS

A

inflammation of periosteum; associate w/shin splints

79
Q

aka: radiculopathy

A

pinched nerve

80
Q

define RICKETS

A

deficiency disease in kids; defective bone growth

81
Q

define SPINAL STENOSIS

A

narrowing of spaces in spine

82
Q

describe SHORT STATURE

A

avg adult = 4’10”; > 200 causes

83
Q

aka: short stature

A

dwarfism or little people

84
Q

define CLUB FOOT

A

any congenital deformity of foot & talus

85
Q

aka: club foot

86
Q

define PRIMARY BONE CANCER

A

relatively rare malignant, origin bone cancer

87
Q

aka: secondary bone cancer

A

bone metastasis

88
Q

describe MULTIPLE MYELOMA

A

occur in blood-making plasma cells in red bone marrow; common in AA; weakens bone & impact other systems

89
Q

define OSTEOCHONDROMA

A

benign tumor/bony projection covering cartilage

90
Q

aka: osteochondroma

91
Q

define OSTEOPOROSIS

A

low bone density & high bone porosity

92
Q

define COLLES FRACTURE

A

fracture of distal radius from landing on hand

93
Q

aka: colles fracture

A

aka broken wrist

94
Q

define OSTEOPOROTIC HIP FRACTURE

A

osteoporosis causes spontaneous injury

95
Q

aka: osteoporotic hip fracture

A

broken hip

96
Q

define INCOMPLETE FRACTURE

A

bone not in 2 pieces; mostly kids

97
Q

define BUCKLE FRACTURE

A

affected side compressed & buckle but no break

98
Q

aka: buckle fracture

A

torus fracture

99
Q

define PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE

A

broken under normal strain

100
Q

define FAT EMBOLUS

A

fat cells from yellow marrow released from long bone fracture

101
Q

define ARTHROSCOPY

A

exam of internal structure of joint

102
Q

define MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

A

image soft tissue structures w/electromagnetic field & radio waves

103
Q

define BONE MARROW ASPIRATION

A

withdraw liquid/tissue from red marrow w/syringe to diagnose or give stem cell transplant

104
Q

define BONE DENSITY TESTING

A

determine losses/changes in bone density to diagnose osteomalacia, osteoporosis, & osteopenia

105
Q

aka: bone density testing

A

BDT or bone densitometry

106
Q

describe ULTRASONIC BDT

A

screening for conditions causing loss of bone mass; sound waves measure calcaneus

107
Q

describe DUAL XRAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

A

low exposure xray of spine & hips to measure bone density & more accurate than ultrasonic BDT

108
Q

define BONE SCAN

A

nuclear scan show fractures, tumors, & infections

109
Q

describe CT

A

computer analyze xrays from multiple angles; more detail than standard xray

110
Q

aka: CT

A

computerized tomography or computed tomography

111
Q

define LUMBAR PUNCTURE

A

needle aspiration of CSF

112
Q

aka: lumbar puncture

A

spinal tap

113
Q

define RHEUMATOID FACTOR

A

blood test diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

114
Q

define BIPHOSPHONATES

A

slow loss of bone density by decreasing chance of broken bones

115
Q

define BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT (BMT)

A

stem cell transplant to treat certain cancers by destroying cancer cells & patient’s marrow & infusing healthy marrow in patient’s blood

116
Q

define ALLOGENIC BMT

A

use donor bone marrow/umbilical cord blood

117
Q

aka: allogenic BMT

A

allogenic stem cell transplant

118
Q

define AUTOLOGOUS BMT

A

receive own bone marrow harvested, cleansed, treated, & stored

119
Q

aka: autologous BMT

A

autologous stem cell transplant

120
Q

define ARTHRODESIS

A

surgical fusion to stiffen joint to treat severe arthritis or damaged joint

121
Q

aka: arthrodesis

A

surgical ankylosis

122
Q

define BONE GRAFTING

A

use transplanted bone to repair & rebuild

123
Q

synovectomy

A

remove synovial membrane of joint (gen knee) to repair damage from arthritis or inflammatory disease

124
Q

purpose
TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT (TKR)

A

treat damage from arthritis

125
Q

aka: total knee replacement

A

total knee arthroplasty

126
Q

define PARTIAL KNEE REPLACEMENT (PKR)

A

medial, latera, or anterior patella relaced & ACL & PCL preserved

127
Q

define REVISION SURGERY

A

replacement of worn/failed implant

128
Q

define TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT

A

restore full function w/metal shell into acetabulum & femur head replaced

129
Q

define PERCUTANEOUS DISKECTOMY

A

last resort herniated intervertebral disk treatment

130
Q

define PERCUTANEOUS VERTEBROPLASTY

A

treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures w/bone cement to stabilize fracture in spine

131
Q

define LAMINECTOMY

A

surgical removal of lamina/bone making up vertebrae to enlarge spinal cord & relieve pressure on cord/give access to treat herniated disk

132
Q

aka: laminectomy

A

decompression surgery

133
Q

define DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY

A

surgical removal part of skull to decrease intracranial pressure from swelling

134
Q

define CRANIOTOMY

A

surgical incision into skull to gain access to remove tumor, relieve pressure, or do other procedures

135
Q

define OSTEOTOMY

A

surgical incision thru bone & reshape removing parts/cutting thru bone to repair damaged joints, realign dental occlusions, correct congenital defects, & reshape arthritic hips & knees

136
Q

define TRACTION

A

pulling force distally

137
Q

define CLOSED REDUCTION

A

attempted non–surgical realignment of bone fracture/dislocation via manually applied force & immbolization

138
Q

aka: closed reduction

A

manipulation

139
Q

define EXTERNAL FIXATION

A

pins thru soft tissue & bone for external appliance to hold bone

140
Q

define INTERNAL FIXATION

A

plates & pins in bone inside & not removed after healing

141
Q

aka: internal fixation

A

open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

142
Q

define ARTHROCENTESIS

A

surgical puncture joint space w/needle to remove fluid

143
Q

define ORTHOSIS

A

straightening/correction of bone deformity

144
Q

define SPONDYLOSYNDESIS

A

surgical fusion of joints between vertebrae

145
Q

aka: spondylosyndesis

A

spinal fusion

146
Q

define closed reduction & internal fixation (CRIF)

A

external manipulation to restore fractured bone

147
Q

purpose of CAST

A

immobilize fractures/dislocations

148
Q

purpose of SPLINT

A

fixation of injured body part

149
Q

define OSTEOPATH

A

traditional medicine & spinal manipulation

150
Q

define RHEUMATOLOGIST

A

specialize in inflammation in joint & connective tissue

151
Q

describe CREPITATION

A

grating sound heard when broken bones move; crackling sound/sensation or popping/clicking of some joints

152
Q

aka: crepitation

153
Q

define CALLUS

A

bulging deposit around break turn to bone

154
Q

define ORTHOTIC

A

medical tool to support, control, correct, compensate limb

155
Q

define TUBERCULE

A

small round process

156
Q

define TROCHANTER

A

1 of 2 larger process found in femur

157
Q

define TUBEROSITY

A

large, rough process

158
Q

define CONDYLE

A

rounded knuckle process @ joint

159
Q

define FOSSA

A

bone depression

160
Q

define SULCUS

A

groove/furrow

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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