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HOSA: Med Term > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

define GENITALIA

A

reproductive organs & associated structures

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2
Q

define PERINEUM

A

external surface between pubic symphysis & coccyx

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3
Q

define SCROTUM

A

surround, protect, & support testicles suspended from pubic arch

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4
Q

describe TESTICLES

A

2 small, egg-shaped glands developed within abdomen & descend into scrotum before/after birth

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5
Q

aka: testicles

A

testes

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6
Q

define SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

A

where sperm is made

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7
Q

define EPIDIDYMIS

A

coiled tube @ upper part of each testes that narrows to form vas deferens

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8
Q

describe SPERMATIC CORD

A

extends up from epididymis & attach to each testes; houses vas deferens, blood & lymphatic vessels, & nerves

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9
Q

define SPERMATOZOA

A

male gametes @ ideal temp of 92.3 F

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10
Q

aka: spermatozoa

A

sperm

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11
Q

define SEMEN

A

whitish fluid w/sperm

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12
Q

describe SPERMATOGENESIS

A

process of sperm formation; form in tubules then motile & stored in epididymis before traveling up & entering vas deferns; prostate & seminal vesicles add secretions to create semen

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13
Q

define PENIS

A

3 columns of erectile tissue that fills w/blood under high pressure

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14
Q

aka: glans penis

A

head of penis

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15
Q

aka: foreskin

A

prepuce

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16
Q

describe FORESKIN

A

retractable double-layered skin fold & mucous membrane that covers & protects glans penis

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17
Q

define VAS DEFERENS

A

long & narrow continuations of epidiymis & goes up to join urethra

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18
Q

aka: vas deferens

A

ductus deferens

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19
Q

describe SEMINAL VESICLES

A

glands secrete thick, yellow substance that nourishes sperm & makes up 60% semen; @ base of bladder into vas deferns

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20
Q

define EJACULATORY DUCT

A

begins @ vas deferns & passes thru prostate gland & empties into urethra

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21
Q

describe PROSTATE GLAND

A

under bladder & where vas deferens enter urethra & secrete thick, alkaline fluid into semen for motility

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22
Q

describe BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

A

2 below prostate on each side of urethra 7 open into it & secrete pre-ejaculate/precum to flush out urine/foreign matter & can contain sperm

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23
Q

define MONS PUBIS

A

rounded, fleshy prominence over pubic symphysis anterior to external female genitalia

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24
Q

list the parts of the vulva

A

labia, clitoris, bartholin’s glands, & vaginal orifice

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25
Q

aka: vulva

A

pudendum

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26
Q

define LABIA MAJORA & LABIA MINORA

A

lips protecting other external genitalia & urethral meatus

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27
Q

define CLITORIS

A

sensitive erectile tissue anterior to urethral meatus & vaginal orifice

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28
Q

define BARTHOLIN’S GLANDS

A

2 small glands on either side of vaginal orifice that make mucus secretion to lube vagina

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29
Q

define VAGINAL ORIFICE

A

exterior opening of vagina

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30
Q

define HYMEN

A

thin mucous membrane that partially covers vaginal orifice

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31
Q

describe BREASTS

A

made of fat, connective tissue, & mammary glands

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32
Q

purpose of mammary glands

A

make milk

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33
Q

aka: mammary glands

A

lactiferous glands

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34
Q

define LACTIFEROUS DUCTS

A

carry milk from gland to nipple

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35
Q

aka: lactiferous ducts

A

milk ducts

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36
Q

define AREOLA

A

dark pigmented area around nipple

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37
Q

define OVARIES

A

pair & small almond shaped glands lower abdomen on either side of uterus

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38
Q

describe FOLLICLE

A

fluid-filled sac containing 1 ovum; thousands exist inside ovaries

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39
Q

define OVA

A

female gametes

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40
Q

aka: ova

A

eggs

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41
Q

define FALLOPIAN TUBES

A

upper end of uterus to near ovary (not attached)

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42
Q

aka: fallopian tubes

A

uterine tubes

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43
Q

define INFUNDIBULUM

A

funnel-shaped opening into fallopian tube near ovary

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44
Q

define FIMBRIAE

A

fringed, finger-like extensions of opening that catch mature ovum leaving ovary

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45
Q

define UTERUS

A

pear shaped organ between bladder & rectum normally anteflexed (bent forward)

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46
Q

describe FUNDUS

A

bulging, rounded part of uterus above entrance of fallopian tubes that rise during pregnancy; height relating to pubic bone = baby growth

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47
Q

define CORPUS

A

middle part of uterus

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48
Q

aka: corpus

A

body of uterus

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49
Q

define CERVIX

A

lower, narrow part of uterus extending into vagina

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50
Q

aka: cervix

A

cervix uteri

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51
Q

define PERIMETRIUM

A

tough, membraneous outer layer of uterus

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52
Q

define MYOMETRIUM

A

muscular middle layer of uterus

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53
Q

define ENDOMETRIUM

A

inner layer of uterus of specialized epithelial mucosa & blood vessels

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54
Q

define VAGINA

A

muscular tube lined w/mucosa & extend from cervix to outside body

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55
Q

aka: menstruation

A

menses

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56
Q

describe MENSTRUATION

A

discharge of endometrial lining & unfertilized eggs; avg cycle being 28 days & 4 phases

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57
Q

4 phases of menstruation

A
  • menstrual (lining sloughs off & discharge)
  • postmenstrual (secrete FSH to mature ovum & estrogen prep lining)
  • ovulatory
  • premenstrual (hormones break down lining)
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58
Q

describe MENARCHE

A

beginning of menstruation; ~ 12 1/2 yrs

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59
Q

describe MENOPAUSE

A

normal termination of menstruation @ avg age of 51 yrs; = 1 year w/o period

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60
Q

describe PERIMENOPAUSE

A

transition between regular periods to none that last as long as decade w/irregular cycles, hot flashes, mood swings, & disturbed sleep

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61
Q

describe OVULATION

A

release of mature egg from follicle 13th/14th day of cycle & takes ~ 5 days

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62
Q

describe CORPUS LUTEUM

A

enlarged ruptured follicle taken on by a yellow, fatty substance; secretes progesterone, maintains growth of lining; if no fertilization it will die, if fertilized it will secrete hormones to maintain pregnancy

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63
Q

define ZYGOTE

A

fertilized cell in fallopian tube from conception to implantation

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64
Q

define EMBRYO

A

fertilized cell from implantation to 8th week

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65
Q

define FETUS

A

9th week to birth

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66
Q

define FRATERNAL TWINS

A

separate ova & separate sperm

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67
Q

define IDENTICAL TWINS

A

ova splits

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68
Q

define CHORION

A

thin outer membrane enclosing embryo that contributes to placenta formation

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69
Q

define PLACENTA

A

organ exchanges nutrients, O2, & waste w/o blood mixing & makes hormones

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70
Q

define AMNIOTIC SAC

A

innermost membrane surrounding embryo

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71
Q

aka: amniotic sac

A

amnion or bag of waters

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72
Q

define AMNIOTIC CAVITY

A

fluid filled sac between embryo & amniotic sac

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73
Q

define AMNIOTIC CAVITY

A

fluid filled sac between embryo & amniotic sac surrounding embryo

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74
Q

define AMNIOTIC FLUID

A

liquid protecting fetus giving fetus the floating movement

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75
Q

define UMBILICAL CORD

A

carries blood, O2, & nutrients from placenta to baby & transports fetal waste to mom’s excretory system

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76
Q

define GESTATION

A

~ 280 days or 40 weeks, each trimester being ~ 13 wks

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77
Q

define QUICKENING

A

first fetal movement felt by mom @ 16-20th week

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78
Q

define BRAXTON HICKS CONTRACTIONSBraxton hicks contractions

A

intermittent, painless contractions that are infrequent, irregular, & high in frequency

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79
Q

define VIABILITY

A

ability to live outside uterus depending on developmental age, weight, & lung development

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80
Q

define ANTEPARTUM

A

final stage of pregnancy before labor

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81
Q

3 stages of labor & delivery

A

dilation, delivery, & afterbirth

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82
Q

describe DIALTION

A

1st & longest stage of labor; contractions 30-70 sec every 5-10 minutes & gradual dilation & effacement & rupture of amniotic sac

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83
Q

define EFFACEMENT

A

process cervix softens, shortens, & thins

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84
Q

aka: delivery

A

active labor

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85
Q

describe PUERPERIUM

A

afterbirth to 6 wks post partum; most bodily changes resolve & organs return to nonpregnant state

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86
Q

define IOCHIA

A

postpartum discharge (blood & mucus) for 4-6 wks postpartum

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87
Q

define UTERINE INVOLUTION

A

uterus returns to normal state & condition after birth

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88
Q

define COLOSTRUM

A

specialized breast milk w/antibodies made late pregnancy & few days after birth

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89
Q

define LACTATION

A

process of forming & secreting milk, replacing colostrum

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90
Q

define NEONATE

A

infant from birth to 4 wks

91
Q

describe VERNIX

A

greasy substance protecting fetus in utero made of sebum & discarded epidermal cells

92
Q

define MECONIUM

A

greenish material in fetus intestines that makes first feces

93
Q

define PERINATAL

A

time & events just before, during, & just after birth

94
Q

define NEONATALOGY

A

study of disorders of newborns

95
Q

define VIRILE

A

having nature/properties/qualities of adult male

96
Q

define PREMATURE BIRTH

A

before 37th week

97
Q

define ANDROLOGIST

A

treat conditions regarding male fertility & sexuality

98
Q

advanced maternal age is what

A

at least 35 yrs

99
Q

define NULLIPARA

A

never borne viable child

100
Q

define PRIMIGRAVIDA

A

during 1st pregnancy

101
Q

define PRIMIPARA

A

borne 1 viable child

102
Q

define MULTIPAROUS

A

born at least 2 kids

103
Q

describe APGAR SCORES

A

1-10 evaluate physical status 1 & 5 min after birth with values being 0,1, or 2 in 5 criteria (heart rate, respiratory, muscle tone, reflexes, & skin tone); a score 8-10 = best possible conditions

104
Q

describe FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)

A

teratogen leads to growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, & socialization difficulty

105
Q

define SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

A

unexplainable, sudden death between 1 month-1yr of age

106
Q

describe BALANITIS

A

inflammation of glans penis associated w/phimosis bc of poor hygiene & lack of circumcision

107
Q

s/s: balantitis

A

redness, pain, unusual penile discharge

108
Q

describe PHIMOSIS

A

narrowing of foreskin opening where foreskin can’t retract to expose glans penis; seen @ birth/childhood

109
Q

define ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

A

can’t achieve or maintain erection

110
Q

aka: erectile dysfunction

111
Q

describe PEYRONIE’S DISEASE

A

form of sexual dysfunction where penis is bent/curved during erection bc of fibrous scar tissue inside penis

112
Q

aka: peyronie’s disease

A

penile curvature

113
Q

describe PRIAPISM

A

painful & persistent erection lasting at least 4 hrs not caused by sexual excitement that doesn’t go away after sex bc of meds/blood related diseases

114
Q

define PREMATURE EJACULATION

A

climax before/shortly after penetration

115
Q

define ANDROPAUSE

A

male menopause where there is a decrease in testosterone beginning in 40s

116
Q

s/s: andropause

A

low energy, depression, decreased muscle mass, & difficulty sleeping/concentrating

117
Q

describe CRYPTORCHIDISM

A

defect in newborns where one/both testicles fail to descend & if untreated can increase risk for infertility & testicular cancer

118
Q

aka: cryptorchidism

A

undescended testicle

119
Q

describe EPIDIDYMITIS

A

painful inflammation of epididymis from bacterial infection (from STD/UTI) w/dysuria, unusual penile discharge, testalgia, hematuria, & inflamed scrotum

120
Q

define HYDROCELE

A

fluid-filled sac in scrotum along spermatic cord in newborns & premature infants that disappear w/o treatment

121
Q

define TESTICULAR CANCER

A

most common in 15-35 yrs & highly treatable @ all stages

122
Q

describe TESTICULAR TORSION

A

sharp pain in scrotum bc of cut off blood supply from the twisting of vas deferens & blood vessels; sudden & needs surgery

123
Q

define ORCHITIS

A

inflammation of 1/both testicles w/pain or swelling

124
Q

aka: orchitis

125
Q

describe VAROCELE

A

varicose vein in spermatic cord leading to lump of 1 side of scrotum, low sperm production, & infertility

126
Q

define AZOOSPERMIA

A

absence of sperm in semen leading to infertility

127
Q

describe OLIGOSPERMIA

A

sperm count < 15 million/mL which can lead to infertility

128
Q

aka: oligospermia

A

low sperm count

129
Q

describe HEMATOSPERMIA

A

blood in semen from infection of seminal vesicles/prostatitis/urethritis/urethral strictures

130
Q

aka: sexually transmitted diseases

A

sexually transmitted infections or venereal diseases

131
Q

describe CHLAMYDIA

A

most common STD & highly contagious from bacteria; s/s: asymptomatic, genital pain, discharge; can damage reproductive organs in women & cause urethritis in men

132
Q

describe BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

A

condition that is not an STD w/discharge, odor, pain, itching, & burning; risk for this is increased by having multiple sex partners; increases infection risk to HIV

133
Q

describe GENITAL HERPES/HERPES GENITALIS

A

infection of skin & mucosa of genitals from herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2; highly contagious even w/o lesions & no cure; s/s: itching, burning, small fluid filled blisters & ulcers on genitals & rectum

134
Q

describe GENITAL WARTS

A

highly contagious STD from HPV & can increase risk for cervical cancer

135
Q

describe GONORRHEA

A

highly contagious STD bacterial infection of genital tract that can spread throughout body (mouth, throat, rectum, joints, etc); s/s: dysuria & pyorrhea

136
Q

describe HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

A

bloodborne virus interferes w/immune & transmitted thru infected bodily fluids; can deveelop into AIDS

137
Q

if someone has AIDS, they are totally unable to do what

A

fight infection

138
Q

describe SYPHILIS

A

chronic bacterial infection affecting any organ transmitted via direct contact w/chancre; s/s similar to other STDs; highly curable when caught early; 4 stages

139
Q

describe VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH LABORATORY (VDRL) BLOOD TEST

A

old but commonly used blood test to screen for syphilis; replaced by RPR

140
Q

describe the 4 stages of syphilis

A
  1. Primary (sores begin to appear & heal w/o treatment)
  2. Secondary (sores on mucous membranes in mouth/anus, rash, fever, hair loss, etc)
  3. Latent (asymptomatic)
  4. Late (blindness, neurological disorders, paralysis, death)
141
Q

describe TRICHOMONIASIS

A

STD infection from parasite; s/s WOMEN: painful urination, genital itching, thin foul smelling discharge; s/s MEN: gen asymptomatic, painful urination & clear discharge

142
Q

aka: trichomoniasis

143
Q

in what circumstance is hepatitis B considered an STI

A

if transmited via sex

144
Q

define PUBIC LICE

A

lice on/around genitals

145
Q

describe HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)

A

most common STI w/40 different types; viral infection leading to genital warts, oropharyngeal cancer, & cervical cancer

146
Q

describe ANOVOULATION

A

absence of ovulation when expected bc of stress, poor nutrition, obesity, or hormonal imbalance

147
Q

define DERMOID CYST

A

benign tumor w/various tissues present @ birth on face, inside skull, low back, or ovaries

148
Q

aka: dermoid cyst

149
Q

define OVARIAN CANCER

A

asymptomatic cancer that is difficult to detect

150
Q

describe PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)

A

any inflammation of female reproductive organs w/o pregnancy or surgery gen from STD or infection & can lead to infertility & ectopic pregnancy

151
Q

describe POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

A

common condition of imbalance of hormones causing numerous tiny cysts in ovaries; s/s: irregular cycles, hirsutism, acne, increase insulin & androgen

152
Q

describe PYOSALPINX

A

accumulation of pus in fallopian tube often from PID

153
Q

describe SALPINGITIS

A

inflammation of fallopian tube from bacterial infection

154
Q

describe ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

A

beginning in uterine lining & can metastasize; s/s: vaginal bleeding after menopause, bleedin etween periods, pelvic pain

155
Q

Describe UTERINE FIBROIDS/FIBROID TUMORS

A

benign tumors of muscle & fibrous tissue in wall of uterus not associated w/increase cancer risk; s/s: heavy menstrual bleeding & pelvic/back pain

156
Q

aka: uterine fibroids/fibroid tumors

157
Q

Define UTERINE PROLAPSE

A

weak pelvic muscles cause uterus to sag into vagina

158
Q

aka: uterine prolapse

A

pelvic floor hernia

159
Q

Define CERVICAL CANCER

A

slow growing squamous cell cancer caused by HPV; 2nd most common in women

160
Q

Define CERVICAL DYSPLASIA

A

presence of precancerous/abnormal changes in cells seen in inner lining/surface of cervix from HPV

161
Q

Describe CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY

A

weakened tissue in cervix that can cause miscarriage/premature birth

162
Q

aka: cervical insufficiency

A

incompetent cervix

163
Q

Describe CERVICITIS

A

inflammation of cervix from infection, irritation, or allergies

164
Q

Define DYSPAREUNIA

A

pain during sex

165
Q

Describe LEUKORRHEA

A

whitish mucus discharge that describe change & increase bc of infection/hormonal imbalance

166
Q

Describe VAGINAL ATROPHY

A

thinning, drying, & inflammation of vaginal walls from hormonal changes; occurs in ~ 1/2 postmenopausal women treated w/vaginal moisturizers, lube, estrogen

167
Q

Define CANDIDIASIS

A

infection of skin/mucous membrane from species of Candida (yeast)

168
Q

aka: vaginal atrophy

A

genitourinary syndrome of menopause

169
Q

Describe VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS

A

common condition from yeast-like fungus; s/s: brning, itching, & cottage-cheese discharge

170
Q

aka: vaginal candidiasis

A

yeast infection

171
Q

Define VAGINISMUS

A

pelvic floor spasm which closes vagina leading to dyspareunia & difficulty inserting tampon/speculum

172
Q

Describe VAGINITIS

A

inflammation of vaginal lining which can be from bacterial vaginosis, trich, vaginal candidiasis, yeast, bacteria, or low estrogen in menopause

173
Q

s/s: vaginitis

A

vaginal irritation, unusual discharge, itching, stinging of vulva

174
Q

Describe VULVITIS

A

inflammation of vulva from fungal/bacterial infections, chafing, skin condition, or allergies

175
Q

Define FIBROADENOMA

A

round, firm, rubbery benign mass in breast from excess growth of excess glandul; grow during pregnancy & shrink postmenopausear & connective tissue; gen 15-3 yrs

176
Q

Describe MASTALGIA

A

pain in breast & can signal non cancerous breast condition

177
Q

aka: mastalgia

A

mastodynia

178
Q

Describe FIBROCYSTIC BREAST CHANGES

A

presence of fibrous tissue & benign cysts common in premenopausal women leading to painful & lumpy breasts

179
Q

Describe GALACTORRHEA

A

breast milk production when not breastfeeding from malfunction of pituitary

180
Q

Describe MASTITIS

A

breast infection from bacteria entering mammary glands

181
Q

Describe AMENORRHEA

A

abnormal absence of periods for less than or equal to 90 days bc of stress, hormonal problems, poor nutrition, & excessive exercise; normal before puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, & menopause

182
Q

Define DYSMENORRHEA

A

pain from contraction that is sharp, intermittent, dull, or aching

183
Q

aka: menstrual cramps

A

dysmenorrhea

184
Q

Define ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING

A

abnormal bleeding outside period from fibroids, hormone problems, or other

185
Q

aka: abnormal uterine bleeding

A

dysfunctional urine bleeding

186
Q

Describe MENORRHAGIA

A

excessive menstrual flow > 7 days & can lead to anemia

187
Q

Define HYPOMENORRHEA

A

unusually small amnt of menstrual flow, a shortened regular cycle

188
Q

Describe MENOMETRORRHAGIA

A

irregular/excessive uterine bleeding @ & between regular cycle & can lead to anemia

189
Q

aka: menometrorrhagia

A

intermenstrual bleeding

190
Q

Define OLIGOMENORRHEA

A

irregular/very light menstruation than normal

191
Q

aka: oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent menstruation

192
Q

Define POLYMENORRHEA

A

cycles more frequent than normal

193
Q

Describe PREMATURE MENOPAUSE

A

ovaries stop functioning before 40 from disease, hormonal disorder, or removal; can lead to infertility & menopausal symptoms

194
Q

Describe PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)

A

s/s 2 wks before cycle; includes bloating, swelling, headaches, mood swings, breast discomfort/tenderness, irritability, emotional tension, anxiety, depression, water retention

195
Q

Describe PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER (PMDD)

A

symptoms regular in second half of cycle & end w/menstruation; associate w/severe emotional & physical issues

196
Q

Define ABORTION

A

loss/terminate pregnancy before viable

197
Q

Define MISCARRIAGE

A

abortion before 20th week caused by genetic disorder/abnormality

198
Q

aka: miscarriage

A

spontaneous abortion

199
Q

Define MEDICAL ABORTION

A

use medications to terminate pregnancy

200
Q

aka: medical abortion

A

therapeutic abortion

201
Q

Define SURGICAL ABORTION

A

any procedure to terminate pregnancy depending on preference, health needs, & trimester

202
Q

Define ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

A

dangerous condition where zygote implants outside uterus gen in fallopian tube

203
Q

aka: ectopic pregnancy

A

extrauterine pregnancy

204
Q

Define INFERTILITY

A

inability to conceive after 1 year of regular uprotected sex

205
Q

Describe ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE

A

placenta separates from uterine wall before birth leading to fetal death/damage, excessive blood loss, & long-term complications

206
Q

aka: abruptio placentae

A

placental abruption

207
Q

Describe PLACENTA PREVIA

A

abnormal implantation of placenta in uterus partially/completely covering cervix; s/s: painless, sudden on-set bleeding in 3rd trimester, severe bleeding during birth

208
Q

Describe PREECLAMPSIA

A

toxemia of pregnancy & complication of hypertension & proteinuria; leads to preterm birth; s/s: hypertension, headaches, albuminuria, edema in extremeties

209
Q

aka: preeclampsia

A

pregnancy-induced hypertension

210
Q

Describe ECLAMPSIA

A

seizures & coma bc of hypertension from 20th week pregnant - 1 wk postpartum; caused by uncontrolled preeclampsia

211
Q

Describe HELLP SYNDROME

A

life-threatening condition w/Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, & Low Platelet count that can lead to liver & blood cell damage; in 10-20% women w/severe preeclampsia

212
Q

Describe POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

A

sadness & loss of pleasure in activity postpartum from rapid change in hormone levels; need treatment if severe or last greater than 2 weeks

213
Q

Define ANORCHIA

A

congenital absence of 1/both testicles that can affect sperm production & testosterone secretion

214
Q

aka: anorchia

215
Q

Describe PROSTATITIS

A

inflammation of prostate; s/s: dysuria, pelvic pain, polyuria

216
Q

Describe PROSTATORRHEA

A

urethra discharge abnormal flow of prostatic fluid

217
Q

Define ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS

A

Rh- mom produces antibodies after 1st Rh+ baby which attacks RBCs of 2nd/later Rh+ babies

218
Q

aka: erythroblastosis fetalis

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

219
Q

Describe MECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROME

A

meconium penetrates amniotic fluid & aspirated leading to respiratory issues/distress in baby & mom can have increased risk of infection/disease

220
Q

describe PROLAPSED CORD

A

umbilical cord prolapse thru cervix into vagina before baby & can compromise O2

221
Q

define PROLAPSED UTERUS

A

downward displacement of uterus causing it to prolapse in/out of vagina

222
Q

Define STILLBIRTH

A

death & delivery of fetus after 20 weeks from many causes

223
Q

Describe TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

A

severe bacterial infection associated w/prolonged use of superabsorbent tampons; s/s: high fever, headache, confusion, seizures, organ failure

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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