Integumentary Flashcards
1
Q
define SKIN
A
protective layer covering external body surface
2
Q
define SEBACEOUS GLANDS
A
secrete sebum, lubricates skin, & discourage bacteria growth
3
Q
define HAIR
A
controls loss of body heat
4
Q
aka: unguis
A
nails
5
Q
define LUNULA
A
half moon region @ every nail root where new keratin cells form
6
Q
define CUTICLE
A
narrow band of epidermis attached to nail to protect new keratin cells
7
Q
define NAIL ROOT
A
fastens nail to finger via groove in skin
8
Q
define EPIDERMIS
A
outermost layer of skin of 5 layers w/no vessels or connective tissue
9
Q
define EPITHELIAL TISSUES
A
protective covering for all internal & external surfaces
10
Q
describe SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE
A
makes up upper layer of dermis; flat, scaly cells continuously shed
11
Q
describe KERATIN
A
fibrous, H2O repellent protein; soft & hard
12
Q
define MELANOCYTES
A
cells that make melanin
13
Q
aka: dermis
A
corium
14
Q
define COLLAGEN
A
tough & flexible fibrous protein
15
Q
define MAST CELLS
A
connective tissue of dermis that responds to injury, infection, allergy, & makes & releases substances (heparin & histamine)
16
Q
define HEPARIN
A
anticoagulant that responds to injury
17
Q
define HISTAMINE
A
causes symptoms of allergic responses
18
Q
define SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS
A
sensory receptors for touch, temperature, pain & pressure
19
Q
define SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
A
connect skin to surface muscle made of connective & adipose tissue
20
Q
define ECCRINE GLANDS
A
sudoriferous glands all over skin
21
Q
define APOCRINE GLANDS
A
sudoriferous glands @ hair follicles
22
Q
define PORES
A
openings on skin acting as sweat gland ducts
23
Q
define PERSPIRATION
A
99% H2O & other waste products that cool body & interact w/bacteria on skin
24
Q
define HIDROSIS
A
production & excretion of perspiration
25
define MAMMARY GLANDS
modified sweat glands
26
define GRANULATION TISSUE
normally forms during healing leading to a scar
27
define PYODERMA
any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection
28
define ACNE VULGARIS
chronic & inflammatory overproduction of sebum around shaft leading to pus
29
define COMEDO
non infected lesion from buildup of sebum & keratin in follicle w/acne vulgaris
30
define WHITEHEAD
comedo w/obstructed opening
31
define BLACKHEAD
oxidized sebum plug open to air
32
define EPIDERMOID CYST
closed sac found under skin w/yellow & fatty material in cyst gen on face/neck/trunk
33
aka: epidermoid cyst
sebaceous cyst
34
define SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS
overactivity of sebaceous gland leading to inflammation, scaling, & itching of skin
35
describe SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS
benign skin growth w/waxy or pasted on look varying in color; gen ppl +50 yrs
36
describe ANHIDROSIS
abnormal lack of sweat, @ risk for heat stroke
37
aka: anhidrosis
hypohidrosis
38
describe DIAPHORESIS
profuse sweating; normal w/heat, exertion, or distress
39
describe HEAT RASH
intense & itchy rash from sweat glands being blocked by bacteria & dead cells
40
aka: heat rash
prickly heat
41
describe HEAT STROKE
core temp at least 104F causing altered mental state, racing bpm, organ swelling, & death
42
aka: heat stroke
sunstroke
43
define HYPERHIDROSIS
excessive sweating
44
describe SLEEP HYPERHIDROSIS
hyperhidrosis during sleep from menopause, meds, or infectious disease
45
aka: sleep hyperhidrosis
night sweats
46
define FOLLICULITIS
inflammation of hair follicles common in arms, legs, or beard area
47
define TRICHOMYCOSIS AXILLARIS
superficial bacterial infection of hair shafts in areas w/extensive sweat glands
48
define HIRSUTISM
excessive body & facial hair in women
49
describe ALOPECIA
partial/complete loss of hair generally on scalp from genetics, age, illness, or drugs
50
aka: alopecia
baldness
51
define ALOPECIA AREATA
autoimmune gen w/kids where hair follicles attacked
52
define ALOPECIA TOTALIS
uncommon; total loss of all hair on scalp
53
define ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS
total loss of hair on all parts of body
54
define ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA
most common; related to hormones associated w/male characteristics
55
describe the pattern: male & female pattern baldness
male: recede front to back in horseshoe shape
female: thinning
56
describe CLUBBING
abnormal curving of nails w/enlargement of finger bc hereditary or O2 deficiency from coronary/pulmonary disease
57
describe KOILONYCHIA
malformation of nails, outer surface concave/scooped out & gen indicate iron deficiency anemia
58
aka: koilonychia
spoon nail
59
describe ONYCHIA
inflammation of nail bed leading to loss of nail
60
aka: onychia
onychitis
61
describe ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS
nail curved inward & cut into skin leading to inflammation & infection
62
aka: onychocryptosis
ingrown nail
63
describe ONYCHOMYCOSIS
fungal infection of nail; nail turns white/yellow/green/black & thick & brittle
64
describe ONYCHOLYSIS
separation of nail plate from bed, generally painless; caused by localized allergic reaction, fungal infection, & psoriasis
65
define PARONYCHIA
acute/chronic infection of skin fold around nail
66
describe AGE SPOTS
spots from sun exposure; harmless but can resemble cancer
67
aka: age spots
solar lentigines or liver spots
68
describe ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS
at least 1 area of skin that is dark & velvety gen in skin folds bc of cancer, type 2 diabetes, or med reaction
69
describe ALBINISM
genetic lack/absence of pigment in skin, hair & irises from missing enzyme for melanin making
70
define MELASMA
brownish spots on face during pregnancy gen in women w/dark hair & fair skin that usually disappear after birth
71
aka: melasma
chloasma or mask of pregnancy
72
describe VITILIGO
irregular patches of white skin/hair bc of destruction of melanocytes
73
describe CONTUSION
injury to tissue w/o breaking skin causing discoloration & pain
74
describe ECCHYMOSIS
large, irregular purple discoloration from bleeding under skin
75
aka: ecchymosis
bruise
76
describe PURPURA
purple/brownish-red rash from blood leaking into skin/mucous membranes that are smaller than ecchymosis & larger than petechiae
77
describe PETECHIAE
very small, pinpoint hemorrhage < 2 mm from high fevers
78
aka: petechiae
petechia
79
describe HEMATOMA
swelling of clotted blood trapped in tissue, the blood is eventually reabsorbed
80
define LESION
pathologic tissue change from disease/injury
81
define CRUST
hard, dried serum & blood as barrier over partial-thickness wound
82
aka: crust
scab
83
define ESCHAR
dead, crust-like tissue in full-thickness wound that is brown/black & a natural stage of healing
84
define EROSION
wearing away of surface
85
define MACULE
discolored flat spot < 1 cm diameter
86
aka: macule
macula
87
define NODULE
solid, raised lesion > 0.5 cm & deeper than papule
88
define PAPULE
small, raised, red lesion < 0.5 cm diameter & no pus (insect bites & small pimples)
89
define PLAQUE
scaly, solid raised area of close papules
90
define SCALES
flakes/dry patches of excess dead epidermal cells
91
define VERRUCAE
small, hard lesions from HPV
92
aka: verrucae
warts
93
define WHEAL
small itchy bump that can appear as hives in allergy
94
aka: wheal
welt
95
define ABSCESS
closed pocket w/pus from a bacterial infection
96
define CYST
abnormal sac w/gas/fluid/semisolid material
97
aka: cyst
sac or vesicles in other body parts
98
define PUSTULE
small, circumscribed lesion w/pus
99
aka: pustule
pimple
100
define VESICLE
small blister < 0.5 cm diameter w/watery fluid (ex: poison ivy rash)
101
define BULLA
large blister > 0.5 cm diameter
102
define ABRASION
superficial layer scrapped/rubbed away
103
define LACERATION
torn/jagged wound from accidental cut
104
describe PRESSURE ULCER
open ulcerated wound from prolonged pressure over bony prominence where a deep tissue injury became infected & died
105
describe DEEP TISSUE INJURY
tissue damage under skin that is red/bruised but doesn't change color w/touch
106
define NEEDLESTICK INJURY
accidental puncture from used hypodermic needle
107
define ULCER
open lesion of skin/mucous membrane
108
define PIGMENTED BIRTHMARK
tan/brown irregularities & nevi
109
describe SLATE GRAY NEVUS
melanocytes don't move to skin surface before birth commonly in asian, AA, Polynesian, Native
110
aka: slate gray nevus
mongolian spot
111
define VASCULAR BIRTHMARKS
blood vessels close to surface
112
define MACULAR STAINS
flat, red, vascular irregular shaped patches
113
aka: macular stains
angel kisses or salmon patches
114
define CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA
soft, raised, pink/red vascular birthmark of a benign tumor made of blood vessels
115
aka: capillary hemangioma
strawberry birthmark
116
describe PORT-WINE STAIN
flat, vascular, reddish-purple discoloration made of dilated capillaries on the face/neck/arms/legs & doesn't resolve w/o treatment
117
define DERMATITIS
any skin inflammation w/redness, swelling, & itching
118
define CONTACT DERMATITIS
localized rash from repeat contact w/irritant with redness, blisters, swelling, & itching
119
describe INTERTRIGO
friction of skin in skin folds in armpits/groin/under breasts leading to more susceptibly to fungal/bacterial infection
120
describe ECZEMA
persistent/recurring dermatitis w/redness, itching, dryness, blistering, cracking, oozing, bleeding in infants & kids
121
aka: eczema
atopic dermatitis
122
define PRUITUS
itching
123
describe EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS
widespread scaling gen w/pruritus, erythroderma, & hair loss in cases of severe eczema, psoriasis, & allergies
124
define ERYTHEMA
redness from capillary dilation
125
define ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM
mildly contagious viral infection in kids
126
describe ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME
rash w/nodules, papules, macules, vesicles or bullae; general allergic reaction/illness/infection/medication affecting skin and/or mucous membranes
127
describe ERYTHEMA PERNIA
purple-red inflammation bc of vessels under skin damaged from cold; itchiness will return w/warmth & heal on own
128
aka: erythema pernia
chilblains
129
define ERYTHODERMA
abnormal redness of entire surface
130
define EXANTHEM
widespread rash in kids
131
define RASH
change in skin color/texture
132
define DERMATOSIS
general term that denote skin lesions/eruptions not w/inflammation
133
describe ICHTHYOSIS
group of disorders w/dry, thickened, & scaly skin bc of slow shedding/rapid increase in skin cell production
134
describe LIPEDEMA
chronic & abnormal fat & fluid in tissue just under skin of hips & legs generally occurring in women & doesn't go away w/weight loss
135
describe SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)
autoimmune inflammatory of collagen in skin, joints, & internal organs, attacking connective tissue w/red, scaly rash on face & upper trunk
136
define PSORIASIS
red papules w/silvery scales on elbows/knees/scalp/back/buttocks w/itchy red skin
137
define ROSACEA
tiny red pimples & enlarged vessels on face gen on people w/fair skin & 30-60 yrs old
138
describe RHINOPHYMA
older men w/hyperplasia of nose tissue & associated w/advanced rosacea
139
aka: rosacea
adult acne
140
aka: rhinophyma
bulbous nose
141
describe SCLERODERMA
autoimmune where connective tissue shrink, harden, swell, & painful & can affect joints & organs
142
define URTICARIA
itchy wheals caused by allergy
143
aka: urticaria
hives
144
define XERODERMA
excessively dry skin
145
aka: xeroderma
xerosis
146
define CARBUNCLE
cluster of connected furuncles
147
define MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
viral infection that forms mollusca
148
define MOLLUSCA
small, raised, white/pink/flesh color lesion w/dimpled center
149
define HAND, FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE
mild viral infection in kids < 5 yrs w/sores in mouth, throat, & rash on hands & feet
150
describe CELLULITIS
acute, rapid spread bacterial infection within connective tissue w/malaise, swelling, warmth, red streaks
151
define FURUNCLES
large, tender, swollen areas of staphylococcal infection around hair follicles/sebaceous glands
152
aka: furuncles
boils
153
describe GANGRENE
tissue death/necrosis followed by bacterial invasion causing putrefaction bc of loss of circulation
154
describe IMPETIGO
highly contagious bacterial infection in kids w/isolated pustules leading to crusting & rupture
155
describe NECROTIZING FASCILITIS
rare, severe infection bc of group A strep bacteria
156
define MYCOSIS
any abnormal condition/disease from fungus
157
define TINEA
fungal infection on skin, hair, or nails
158
aka: tinea
ringworm
159
define INFESTATION
microscopic parasites on external surface
160
define PEDICULOSIS
infestation w/lice affecting head, body, or pubic region
161
describe SCABIES scabies
contagious & parasitic skin infection from itch mites w/small intensely itchy bumps & blisters
162
define CALLUS
thickening part of skin from repeated rubbing
163
define CICATRIX
normal scar from healing
164
describe KELOID
abnormally raised/thick scar beyond OG incision with a greater tendency in inherited/dark colored skin
165
define KERATOSIS
any skin growth where there is overgrowth & thickening of skin
166
define LIPOMA
benign, slow growing fatty tumor
167
define NEVUS
small, dark skin growth from melanocytes
168
aka: nevus
mole
169
describe DYSPLASTIC NEVI
atypical moles leading to skin cancer
170
define PAPILLOMA
benign, superficial, wart-like growth on epithelial tissue on other body part
171
define POLYP
mushroom-like growth from mucous membrane
172
define SKIN TAGS
small, benign, flesh-colored/light brown polyps w/thin stalks generally on neck, groin, & armpits
173
define ACTINIC KERATOSIS
precancerous growth on sun-damaged skin that is red/tan/pink scaly patch like sandpaper
174
aka: actinic keratosis
solar keratosis
175
describe BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
most common & least harmful cancer that grows slowly & rarely spreads; on the face/neck & bleeds easily; appears as pink, smooth, & raised w/depression in center
176
describe SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
skin lesions that look like unhealed/crusted sores that can grow in organs lined w/epithelial cells
177
define MALIGNANT MELANOMA
serious cancer from melanocytes
178
aka: malignant melanoma
melanoma or MM
179
define BURN
injury to tissue from heat/flame/electricity/sun/chemicals/radiation
180
define 1st DEGREE/SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL THICKNESS
epidermal injury w/erythemia & hyperesthesia
181
define 2nd DEGREE/PARTIAL THICKNES
epidermal & dermal injury w/erythemia, blisters, & hyperesthesia
182
describe 3rd DEGREE/DEEP THICKNESS
epidermis, dermis, & parts of hypodermis; severe; s/s: hyperesthesia, numbness, nerve damage
183
define BIOPSY
remove small piece of tissue for exam
184
define INCISIONAL BIOPSY i
remove piece
185
define EXCISIONAL BIOPSY
remove whole tumor/lesion + margins
186
define NEEDLE
remove tissue core
187
define PUNCH BIOPSY
small, circular blade remove core
188
define SCRATCH TEST
skin scratched w/lancets & substances to identify allergies including pollen, mold, dust mites, pet dander, & food chemicals
189
define INTRADERMAL SKIN TEST
substances injected to test for allergic reactions
190
define EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
cells scraped & examined under microscope
191
aka: exfoliative cytology
skin scraping
192
describe SUNSCREEN
SPF blocks UV B & may protect against UV A
193
define SKIN GRAFTS
replace damaged tissue w/donor
194
aka: skin graft
dermatoplasty
195
define CAUTERIZATION
destruction of tissue via burning
196
define CHEMABRASION
use chemicals to remove outer laers to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkles, & keratoses
197
aka: chemabrasion
chemical peel
198
define CRYOSURGERY
use liquid nitrogen to remove warts & tumors
199
aka: cryosurgery
freezing
200
define CURETTAGE
remove via scraping & can remove basal cell tumors
201
describe DEBRIDEMENT
remove dirt/foreign/damage tissue/cellular debris from wound to prevent infection & promote healing
202
define IRRIGATION & DEBRIDEMENT
pressurized fluid clean out wound debris
203
describe INCISION & DRAINAGE
incision thru skin to drain fluid/abscess & is used for some lesions
204
define DERMABRASION
abrasion using revolving wire brush/sandpaper to remove acne, chicken pox scars, or facial lines around mouth
205
describe MOHS SURGERY
treat various skin cancer; layers removed & examined 1 at a time until clean margins
206
describe ELECTRODESICCATION
done w/curettage; layers destroyed via electric spark & scraped to eliminate small superficial growths & seal vessels
207
aka: electrodesiccation
electrodessication & curettage
208
define LASER
tube filled w/solid/liquid/gas stimulated to emit light @ certain wavelength to treat port-wine stain, rhinophyma, some skin cancers, & remove tattoos
209
what does LASER stand for
light amplification by stimulated radiation
210
define PHOTOTHERAPY
natural/artificial light to treat vitiligo & ezcema
211
purpose PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
treat damaged & precancerous skin & cancer
212
aka: photodynamic therapy
blue-light therapy
213
define FLUOROURACIL
topical chemotherapy cream to treat basal cell carcinoma & actinic keratosis for 2-12 weeks
214
define RETINOIDS
chemical compounds from vitamin A used in skin care & treatment
215
describe TOPICAL STEROIDS
derivatives of natural corticosteroid hormones; should be used cautiously
216
define BLEPHAROPLASTY
reduct lids by removing sagging skin to improve vision or put small amnt of fat from thigh/butt under eye for cosmetics
217
define BOTOX
formulation of botulinum toxin used in small, sterile doses to block nerve signals for 2-4 months to treat migraines, overactive bladder, strabismus, muscle spasms, & frown lines
218
describe COLLAGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY
soft-tissue augmentation to soften facial lines/scars or make lips fuller; lasting 3-12 months
219
define LIPECTOMY
removal of fat beneath skin for cosmetics
220
define LIPOSUCTION
removal of fat beneath skin w/suction
221
aka: liposuction
suction-assisted lipectomy
222
define RHYTIDECTOMY
remove excess skin & fat from face to eliminate wrinkles
223
aka: whytidectomy
facelift
224
sclerotherapy
inject saline sclerosing solution into vein to irritate tissue & cause veins to collapse & disappear to treat spider veins
