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HOSA: Med Term > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

define SKIN

A

protective layer covering external body surface

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2
Q

define SEBACEOUS GLANDS

A

secrete sebum, lubricates skin, & discourage bacteria growth

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3
Q

define HAIR

A

controls loss of body heat

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4
Q

aka: unguis

A

nails

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5
Q

define LUNULA

A

half moon region @ every nail root where new keratin cells form

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6
Q

define CUTICLE

A

narrow band of epidermis attached to nail to protect new keratin cells

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7
Q

define NAIL ROOT

A

fastens nail to finger via groove in skin

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8
Q

define EPIDERMIS

A

outermost layer of skin of 5 layers w/no vessels or connective tissue

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9
Q

define EPITHELIAL TISSUES

A

protective covering for all internal & external surfaces

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10
Q

describe SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

makes up upper layer of dermis; flat, scaly cells continuously shed

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11
Q

describe KERATIN

A

fibrous, H2O repellent protein; soft & hard

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12
Q

define MELANOCYTES

A

cells that make melanin

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13
Q

aka: dermis

A

corium

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14
Q

define COLLAGEN

A

tough & flexible fibrous protein

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15
Q

define MAST CELLS

A

connective tissue of dermis that responds to injury, infection, allergy, & makes & releases substances (heparin & histamine)

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16
Q

define HEPARIN

A

anticoagulant that responds to injury

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17
Q

define HISTAMINE

A

causes symptoms of allergic responses

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18
Q

define SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS

A

sensory receptors for touch, temperature, pain & pressure

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19
Q

define SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER

A

connect skin to surface muscle made of connective & adipose tissue

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20
Q

define ECCRINE GLANDS

A

sudoriferous glands all over skin

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21
Q

define APOCRINE GLANDS

A

sudoriferous glands @ hair follicles

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22
Q

define PORES

A

openings on skin acting as sweat gland ducts

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23
Q

define PERSPIRATION

A

99% H2O & other waste products that cool body & interact w/bacteria on skin

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24
Q

define HIDROSIS

A

production & excretion of perspiration

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25
Q

define MAMMARY GLANDS

A

modified sweat glands

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26
Q

define GRANULATION TISSUE

A

normally forms during healing leading to a scar

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27
Q

define PYODERMA

A

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

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28
Q

define ACNE VULGARIS

A

chronic & inflammatory overproduction of sebum around shaft leading to pus

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29
Q

define COMEDO

A

non infected lesion from buildup of sebum & keratin in follicle w/acne vulgaris

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30
Q

define WHITEHEAD

A

comedo w/obstructed opening

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31
Q

define BLACKHEAD

A

oxidized sebum plug open to air

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32
Q

define EPIDERMOID CYST

A

closed sac found under skin w/yellow & fatty material in cyst gen on face/neck/trunk

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33
Q

aka: epidermoid cyst

A

sebaceous cyst

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34
Q

define SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

A

overactivity of sebaceous gland leading to inflammation, scaling, & itching of skin

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35
Q

describe SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS

A

benign skin growth w/waxy or pasted on look varying in color; gen ppl +50 yrs

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36
Q

describe ANHIDROSIS

A

abnormal lack of sweat, @ risk for heat stroke

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37
Q

aka: anhidrosis

A

hypohidrosis

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38
Q

describe DIAPHORESIS

A

profuse sweating; normal w/heat, exertion, or distress

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39
Q

describe HEAT RASH

A

intense & itchy rash from sweat glands being blocked by bacteria & dead cells

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40
Q

aka: heat rash

A

prickly heat

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41
Q

describe HEAT STROKE

A

core temp at least 104F causing altered mental state, racing bpm, organ swelling, & death

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42
Q

aka: heat stroke

A

sunstroke

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43
Q

define HYPERHIDROSIS

A

excessive sweating

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44
Q

describe SLEEP HYPERHIDROSIS

A

hyperhidrosis during sleep from menopause, meds, or infectious disease

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45
Q

aka: sleep hyperhidrosis

A

night sweats

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46
Q

define FOLLICULITIS

A

inflammation of hair follicles common in arms, legs, or beard area

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47
Q

define TRICHOMYCOSIS AXILLARIS

A

superficial bacterial infection of hair shafts in areas w/extensive sweat glands

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48
Q

define HIRSUTISM

A

excessive body & facial hair in women

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49
Q

describe ALOPECIA

A

partial/complete loss of hair generally on scalp from genetics, age, illness, or drugs

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50
Q

aka: alopecia

A

baldness

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51
Q

define ALOPECIA AREATA

A

autoimmune gen w/kids where hair follicles attacked

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52
Q

define ALOPECIA TOTALIS

A

uncommon; total loss of all hair on scalp

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53
Q

define ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS

A

total loss of hair on all parts of body

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54
Q

define ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA

A

most common; related to hormones associated w/male characteristics

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55
Q

describe the pattern: male & female pattern baldness

A

male: recede front to back in horseshoe shape
female: thinning

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56
Q

describe CLUBBING

A

abnormal curving of nails w/enlargement of finger bc hereditary or O2 deficiency from coronary/pulmonary disease

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57
Q

describe KOILONYCHIA

A

malformation of nails, outer surface concave/scooped out & gen indicate iron deficiency anemia

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58
Q

aka: koilonychia

A

spoon nail

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59
Q

describe ONYCHIA

A

inflammation of nail bed leading to loss of nail

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60
Q

aka: onychia

A

onychitis

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61
Q

describe ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS

A

nail curved inward & cut into skin leading to inflammation & infection

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62
Q

aka: onychocryptosis

A

ingrown nail

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63
Q

describe ONYCHOMYCOSIS

A

fungal infection of nail; nail turns white/yellow/green/black & thick & brittle

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64
Q

describe ONYCHOLYSIS

A

separation of nail plate from bed, generally painless; caused by localized allergic reaction, fungal infection, & psoriasis

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65
Q

define PARONYCHIA

A

acute/chronic infection of skin fold around nail

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66
Q

describe AGE SPOTS

A

spots from sun exposure; harmless but can resemble cancer

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67
Q

aka: age spots

A

solar lentigines or liver spots

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68
Q

describe ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS

A

at least 1 area of skin that is dark & velvety gen in skin folds bc of cancer, type 2 diabetes, or med reaction

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69
Q

describe ALBINISM

A

genetic lack/absence of pigment in skin, hair & irises from missing enzyme for melanin making

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70
Q

define MELASMA

A

brownish spots on face during pregnancy gen in women w/dark hair & fair skin that usually disappear after birth

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71
Q

aka: melasma

A

chloasma or mask of pregnancy

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72
Q

describe VITILIGO

A

irregular patches of white skin/hair bc of destruction of melanocytes

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73
Q

describe CONTUSION

A

injury to tissue w/o breaking skin causing discoloration & pain

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74
Q

describe ECCHYMOSIS

A

large, irregular purple discoloration from bleeding under skin

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75
Q

aka: ecchymosis

A

bruise

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76
Q

describe PURPURA

A

purple/brownish-red rash from blood leaking into skin/mucous membranes that are smaller than ecchymosis & larger than petechiae

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77
Q

describe PETECHIAE

A

very small, pinpoint hemorrhage < 2 mm from high fevers

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78
Q

aka: petechiae

A

petechia

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79
Q

describe HEMATOMA

A

swelling of clotted blood trapped in tissue, the blood is eventually reabsorbed

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80
Q

define LESION

A

pathologic tissue change from disease/injury

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81
Q

define CRUST

A

hard, dried serum & blood as barrier over partial-thickness wound

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82
Q

aka: crust

A

scab

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83
Q

define ESCHAR

A

dead, crust-like tissue in full-thickness wound that is brown/black & a natural stage of healing

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84
Q

define EROSION

A

wearing away of surface

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85
Q

define MACULE

A

discolored flat spot < 1 cm diameter

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86
Q

aka: macule

A

macula

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87
Q

define NODULE

A

solid, raised lesion > 0.5 cm & deeper than papule

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88
Q

define PAPULE

A

small, raised, red lesion < 0.5 cm diameter & no pus (insect bites & small pimples)

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89
Q

define PLAQUE

A

scaly, solid raised area of close papules

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90
Q

define SCALES

A

flakes/dry patches of excess dead epidermal cells

91
Q

define VERRUCAE

A

small, hard lesions from HPV

92
Q

aka: verrucae

93
Q

define WHEAL

A

small itchy bump that can appear as hives in allergy

94
Q

aka: wheal

95
Q

define ABSCESS

A

closed pocket w/pus from a bacterial infection

96
Q

define CYST

A

abnormal sac w/gas/fluid/semisolid material

97
Q

aka: cyst

A

sac or vesicles in other body parts

98
Q

define PUSTULE

A

small, circumscribed lesion w/pus

99
Q

aka: pustule

100
Q

define VESICLE

A

small blister < 0.5 cm diameter w/watery fluid (ex: poison ivy rash)

101
Q

define BULLA

A

large blister > 0.5 cm diameter

102
Q

define ABRASION

A

superficial layer scrapped/rubbed away

103
Q

define LACERATION

A

torn/jagged wound from accidental cut

104
Q

describe PRESSURE ULCER

A

open ulcerated wound from prolonged pressure over bony prominence where a deep tissue injury became infected & died

105
Q

describe DEEP TISSUE INJURY

A

tissue damage under skin that is red/bruised but doesn’t change color w/touch

106
Q

define NEEDLESTICK INJURY

A

accidental puncture from used hypodermic needle

107
Q

define ULCER

A

open lesion of skin/mucous membrane

108
Q

define PIGMENTED BIRTHMARK

A

tan/brown irregularities & nevi

109
Q

describe SLATE GRAY NEVUS

A

melanocytes don’t move to skin surface before birth commonly in asian, AA, Polynesian, Native

110
Q

aka: slate gray nevus

A

mongolian spot

111
Q

define VASCULAR BIRTHMARKS

A

blood vessels close to surface

112
Q

define MACULAR STAINS

A

flat, red, vascular irregular shaped patches

113
Q

aka: macular stains

A

angel kisses or salmon patches

114
Q

define CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA

A

soft, raised, pink/red vascular birthmark of a benign tumor made of blood vessels

115
Q

aka: capillary hemangioma

A

strawberry birthmark

116
Q

describe PORT-WINE STAIN

A

flat, vascular, reddish-purple discoloration made of dilated capillaries on the face/neck/arms/legs & doesn’t resolve w/o treatment

117
Q

define DERMATITIS

A

any skin inflammation w/redness, swelling, & itching

118
Q

define CONTACT DERMATITIS

A

localized rash from repeat contact w/irritant with redness, blisters, swelling, & itching

119
Q

describe INTERTRIGO

A

friction of skin in skin folds in armpits/groin/under breasts leading to more susceptibly to fungal/bacterial infection

120
Q

describe ECZEMA

A

persistent/recurring dermatitis w/redness, itching, dryness, blistering, cracking, oozing, bleeding in infants & kids

121
Q

aka: eczema

A

atopic dermatitis

122
Q

define PRUITUS

123
Q

describe EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS

A

widespread scaling gen w/pruritus, erythroderma, & hair loss in cases of severe eczema, psoriasis, & allergies

124
Q

define ERYTHEMA

A

redness from capillary dilation

125
Q

define ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM

A

mildly contagious viral infection in kids

126
Q

describe ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME

A

rash w/nodules, papules, macules, vesicles or bullae; general allergic reaction/illness/infection/medication affecting skin and/or mucous membranes

127
Q

describe ERYTHEMA PERNIA

A

purple-red inflammation bc of vessels under skin damaged from cold; itchiness will return w/warmth & heal on own

128
Q

aka: erythema pernia

A

chilblains

129
Q

define ERYTHODERMA

A

abnormal redness of entire surface

130
Q

define EXANTHEM

A

widespread rash in kids

131
Q

define RASH

A

change in skin color/texture

132
Q

define DERMATOSIS

A

general term that denote skin lesions/eruptions not w/inflammation

133
Q

describe ICHTHYOSIS

A

group of disorders w/dry, thickened, & scaly skin bc of slow shedding/rapid increase in skin cell production

134
Q

describe LIPEDEMA

A

chronic & abnormal fat & fluid in tissue just under skin of hips & legs generally occurring in women & doesn’t go away w/weight loss

135
Q

describe SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)

A

autoimmune inflammatory of collagen in skin, joints, & internal organs, attacking connective tissue w/red, scaly rash on face & upper trunk

136
Q

define PSORIASIS

A

red papules w/silvery scales on elbows/knees/scalp/back/buttocks w/itchy red skin

137
Q

define ROSACEA

A

tiny red pimples & enlarged vessels on face gen on people w/fair skin & 30-60 yrs old

138
Q

describe RHINOPHYMA

A

older men w/hyperplasia of nose tissue & associated w/advanced rosacea

139
Q

aka: rosacea

A

adult acne

140
Q

aka: rhinophyma

A

bulbous nose

141
Q

describe SCLERODERMA

A

autoimmune where connective tissue shrink, harden, swell, & painful & can affect joints & organs

142
Q

define URTICARIA

A

itchy wheals caused by allergy

143
Q

aka: urticaria

144
Q

define XERODERMA

A

excessively dry skin

145
Q

aka: xeroderma

146
Q

define CARBUNCLE

A

cluster of connected furuncles

147
Q

define MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

A

viral infection that forms mollusca

148
Q

define MOLLUSCA

A

small, raised, white/pink/flesh color lesion w/dimpled center

149
Q

define HAND, FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE

A

mild viral infection in kids < 5 yrs w/sores in mouth, throat, & rash on hands & feet

150
Q

describe CELLULITIS

A

acute, rapid spread bacterial infection within connective tissue w/malaise, swelling, warmth, red streaks

151
Q

define FURUNCLES

A

large, tender, swollen areas of staphylococcal infection around hair follicles/sebaceous glands

152
Q

aka: furuncles

153
Q

describe GANGRENE

A

tissue death/necrosis followed by bacterial invasion causing putrefaction bc of loss of circulation

154
Q

describe IMPETIGO

A

highly contagious bacterial infection in kids w/isolated pustules leading to crusting & rupture

155
Q

describe NECROTIZING FASCILITIS

A

rare, severe infection bc of group A strep bacteria

156
Q

define MYCOSIS

A

any abnormal condition/disease from fungus

157
Q

define TINEA

A

fungal infection on skin, hair, or nails

158
Q

aka: tinea

159
Q

define INFESTATION

A

microscopic parasites on external surface

160
Q

define PEDICULOSIS

A

infestation w/lice affecting head, body, or pubic region

161
Q

describe SCABIES scabies

A

contagious & parasitic skin infection from itch mites w/small intensely itchy bumps & blisters

162
Q

define CALLUS

A

thickening part of skin from repeated rubbing

163
Q

define CICATRIX

A

normal scar from healing

164
Q

describe KELOID

A

abnormally raised/thick scar beyond OG incision with a greater tendency in inherited/dark colored skin

165
Q

define KERATOSIS

A

any skin growth where there is overgrowth & thickening of skin

166
Q

define LIPOMA

A

benign, slow growing fatty tumor

167
Q

define NEVUS

A

small, dark skin growth from melanocytes

168
Q

aka: nevus

169
Q

describe DYSPLASTIC NEVI

A

atypical moles leading to skin cancer

170
Q

define PAPILLOMA

A

benign, superficial, wart-like growth on epithelial tissue on other body part

171
Q

define POLYP

A

mushroom-like growth from mucous membrane

172
Q

define SKIN TAGS

A

small, benign, flesh-colored/light brown polyps w/thin stalks generally on neck, groin, & armpits

173
Q

define ACTINIC KERATOSIS

A

precancerous growth on sun-damaged skin that is red/tan/pink scaly patch like sandpaper

174
Q

aka: actinic keratosis

A

solar keratosis

175
Q

describe BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

A

most common & least harmful cancer that grows slowly & rarely spreads; on the face/neck & bleeds easily; appears as pink, smooth, & raised w/depression in center

176
Q

describe SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

A

skin lesions that look like unhealed/crusted sores that can grow in organs lined w/epithelial cells

177
Q

define MALIGNANT MELANOMA

A

serious cancer from melanocytes

178
Q

aka: malignant melanoma

A

melanoma or MM

179
Q

define BURN

A

injury to tissue from heat/flame/electricity/sun/chemicals/radiation

180
Q

define 1st DEGREE/SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL THICKNESS

A

epidermal injury w/erythemia & hyperesthesia

181
Q

define 2nd DEGREE/PARTIAL THICKNES

A

epidermal & dermal injury w/erythemia, blisters, & hyperesthesia

182
Q

describe 3rd DEGREE/DEEP THICKNESS

A

epidermis, dermis, & parts of hypodermis; severe; s/s: hyperesthesia, numbness, nerve damage

183
Q

define BIOPSY

A

remove small piece of tissue for exam

184
Q

define INCISIONAL BIOPSY i

A

remove piece

185
Q

define EXCISIONAL BIOPSY

A

remove whole tumor/lesion + margins

186
Q

define NEEDLE

A

remove tissue core

187
Q

define PUNCH BIOPSY

A

small, circular blade remove core

188
Q

define SCRATCH TEST

A

skin scratched w/lancets & substances to identify allergies including pollen, mold, dust mites, pet dander, & food chemicals

189
Q

define INTRADERMAL SKIN TEST

A

substances injected to test for allergic reactions

190
Q

define EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

A

cells scraped & examined under microscope

191
Q

aka: exfoliative cytology

A

skin scraping

192
Q

describe SUNSCREEN

A

SPF blocks UV B & may protect against UV A

193
Q

define SKIN GRAFTS

A

replace damaged tissue w/donor

194
Q

aka: skin graft

A

dermatoplasty

195
Q

define CAUTERIZATION

A

destruction of tissue via burning

196
Q

define CHEMABRASION

A

use chemicals to remove outer laers to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkles, & keratoses

197
Q

aka: chemabrasion

A

chemical peel

198
Q

define CRYOSURGERY

A

use liquid nitrogen to remove warts & tumors

199
Q

aka: cryosurgery

200
Q

define CURETTAGE

A

remove via scraping & can remove basal cell tumors

201
Q

describe DEBRIDEMENT

A

remove dirt/foreign/damage tissue/cellular debris from wound to prevent infection & promote healing

202
Q

define IRRIGATION & DEBRIDEMENT

A

pressurized fluid clean out wound debris

203
Q

describe INCISION & DRAINAGE

A

incision thru skin to drain fluid/abscess & is used for some lesions

204
Q

define DERMABRASION

A

abrasion using revolving wire brush/sandpaper to remove acne, chicken pox scars, or facial lines around mouth

205
Q

describe MOHS SURGERY

A

treat various skin cancer; layers removed & examined 1 at a time until clean margins

206
Q

describe ELECTRODESICCATION

A

done w/curettage; layers destroyed via electric spark & scraped to eliminate small superficial growths & seal vessels

207
Q

aka: electrodesiccation

A

electrodessication & curettage

208
Q

define LASER

A

tube filled w/solid/liquid/gas stimulated to emit light @ certain wavelength to treat port-wine stain, rhinophyma, some skin cancers, & remove tattoos

209
Q

what does LASER stand for

A

light amplification by stimulated radiation

210
Q

define PHOTOTHERAPY

A

natural/artificial light to treat vitiligo & ezcema

211
Q

purpose PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

A

treat damaged & precancerous skin & cancer

212
Q

aka: photodynamic therapy

A

blue-light therapy

213
Q

define FLUOROURACIL

A

topical chemotherapy cream to treat basal cell carcinoma & actinic keratosis for 2-12 weeks

214
Q

define RETINOIDS

A

chemical compounds from vitamin A used in skin care & treatment

215
Q

describe TOPICAL STEROIDS

A

derivatives of natural corticosteroid hormones; should be used cautiously

216
Q

define BLEPHAROPLASTY

A

reduct lids by removing sagging skin to improve vision or put small amnt of fat from thigh/butt under eye for cosmetics

217
Q

define BOTOX

A

formulation of botulinum toxin used in small, sterile doses to block nerve signals for 2-4 months to treat migraines, overactive bladder, strabismus, muscle spasms, & frown lines

218
Q

describe COLLAGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY

A

soft-tissue augmentation to soften facial lines/scars or make lips fuller; lasting 3-12 months

219
Q

define LIPECTOMY

A

removal of fat beneath skin for cosmetics

220
Q

define LIPOSUCTION

A

removal of fat beneath skin w/suction

221
Q

aka: liposuction

A

suction-assisted lipectomy

222
Q

define RHYTIDECTOMY

A

remove excess skin & fat from face to eliminate wrinkles

223
Q

aka: whytidectomy

224
Q

sclerotherapy

A

inject saline sclerosing solution into vein to irritate tissue & cause veins to collapse & disappear to treat spider veins

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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