Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HOSA: Med Term > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

define GLAND

A

group of specialized epithelial cells producing secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define EXOCRINE GLANDS & give examples

A

secrete hormones into ducts (ex: salivary, mmmary, sweat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define HORMONES

A

chemical messengers from endocrine glands that affect almost every organ & cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe ENDOCRINE GLANDS

A

don’t have ducts so release hormones into blood streams; 13 glands of this type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe PITUITARY GLANDS

A

pea-sized gland that hangs below hypothalamus that control activity of other endocrine gland & responds to stimuli from neurohormones secreted by hypothalamus; 2 parts (posterior & anterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary that controls cortisol production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary controlling estrogen secretion, ova growth, & sperm production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define GROWTH HORMONE (GH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary growth of bone, muscle, body & development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define LACTOGENIC HORMONE (LTH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary stimulate & maintain breast milk & breast development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aka: lactogenic hormone

A

prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary control ovulation & testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE (MSH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary increase production of melanin & generally high in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary that stimulate & regulate thyroid function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

A

hormone of posterior pituitary secreted by hypothalamus & stored in pituitary, lower water excretion thru kidneys leading to blood pressure & constricts blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define OXYTOCIN (OXT)

A

hormone of posterior pituitary that control birth contractions, controls postnatal hemorrhage, & stimulate milk release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define PITOCIN

A

synthetic oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

aka: pineal gland

A

pineal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define MELATONIN

A

regulate circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define THYROID GLAND

A

either side of larynx below thyroid cartilage to regulate metabolism, growth, function of nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

list hormones of pituitary

A
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • follicle-stimulating hormone
  • growth hormone
  • lactogenic hormone
  • luteinizing hormone
  • melanocyte-stimulating hormone
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone
  • antidiuretic hormone
  • oxytocin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe THYROXINE (T4)

A

hormone of thyroid; controls metabolism & temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3)

A

hormone of thyroid; control metabolism & temperature & is more powerful than T4; rate of secretion controlled by TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe CALCITONIN

A

hormone of thyroid; works w/parathyroid hormone that lowers calcium in blood/tissue by moving into bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

list hormones of thyroid

A

thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

define PARATHYROID GLANDS

A

size of grain of rice in posterior surface of thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

define PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)

A

increase blood calcium levels via breakdown of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

define THYMUS

A

near midline in anterior thoracic to develop immune before brith & during childhood & slowly turns into fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

define THYMOSIN

A

turns mature lymphocytes into T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

define PANCREAS

A

feather shaped organ posterior to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

define PANCREATIC ISLETS

A

part of pancreas w/endocrine function that controls blood glucose & glucose metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

define GLUCOSE

A

basic form of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

define GLUCAGON

A

secreted by alpha cells in pancreas to respond to low levels of glucose by telling liver to convert glycogen into glucose to increase blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

define INSULIN

A

secreted by beta cells in pacnreas to respond to low blood sugar levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

list hormones of pancreas

A

pancreatic islets, glucose, glucagon, insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

aka: adrenal glands

A

suprarenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

define ADRENAL CORTEX

A

outer portion of adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

list hormones of adrenal cortex

A

androgens, estrogen, progestin, corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids (aldosterone & deoxycorticosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol & cortisone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

define CORTICOSTEROIDS

A

steroid hormone from adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

define MINERALOCORTICOIDS

A

group of hormones balance fluid & electrolyte levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

describing ALDOSTERONE

A

corticosteroid (of mineralcorticoids) of the adrenal cortex regulating fluid balance, blood pressure, & electrolyte concentrations (increase Nareabsorption & K excretion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

define DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE

A

building block for ALD secreted by adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

define GLUCOCORTICOIDS

A

group of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex metabolize carbs, proteins, & fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

define CORTISOL

A

glucorticoid that is an antinflammatory corticosteroid that regulates blood glucose levels & metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

aka: cortisol

A

hydrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

define CORTISONE

A

glucocorticoids that regulate blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

define ADRENAL MEDULLA

A

middle portion of adrenal gland secreting epinephrine & norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

describe EPINEPHRINE

A

hormone of adrenal medulla stimulate sympathetic nervous & intensify stress & trigger 4Fs; increases bpm, BP, & respiration; liver releases glucose & limites insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

describe NOREPINEPHRINE

A

adrenal hormone and sympathetic neurohormone that preps body for stress response by acting as vasoconstrictor by increasing BP, strengthens heart beat, & stimulates muscle contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

define ELECTROLYTES

A

mineral substances in bodily fluids (Ca, chloride, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, & potassium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

define GONADS

A

glands that produce gametes & develop & maintain secondary sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

describe PUBERTY

A

time for maturing of genital organs & development of secondary sex traits; 12 yrs for girls & 11 for boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

define PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

A

early onset puberty before 8 in girls & 9 in boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

define ESTROGEN

A

secreted by ovaries to develop secondary sex & menstrual regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

define PROGESTERONE

A

released during 2nd half of cycle from corpus luteum in ovary to complete prep of uterus & maintain pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

define GONADOTROPIN

A

any hormone that stimulates gonads; produced by gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

describe ANDROGENS

A

sex hormones secreted by gonads, adrenal cortex, & fat cells; primarily composed of testosterone to develop & maintain male characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

define TESTOSTERONE

A

steroid hormone from testicles & adrenal cortex to develop male secondary sex & sperm production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

define STEROIDS

A

large family of hormones derived from cholesterol that relieve swelling & inflammation (estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

describe ANABOLIC STEROID

A

man-made chemically related male sex hormone to treat hormone issues in men & replace muscle mass lost from disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

name some hormones fat cells secrete

A

leptin & ghrelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

describe LEPTIN

A

hormone secreted by fat cells & regulate appetite by acting on hypothalamus to suppress appetite & burn fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

define GHRELIN

A

hormone secreted by fat cells & made in GI tract responsible for hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

define NEUROHORMONES

A

produced & released by neurons in brain rather than endocrine glands via blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

define ADENITIS

A

inflammation of gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

define ADENOCARCINOMA

A

malignant tumor originating in glands & can spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

describe MESENTERIC ADENITIS

A

inflammation of lymph nodes in abdomen; s/s: similar to appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

define APPENDICITIS

A

inflammation of appendix bc of blockage leading to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

define ADENOMA

A

benign tumor start in epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

define ADENOSIS

A

any disease/condition of gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

describe ACROMEGALY

A

rare abnormal enlargement of hands, feet, & face from malfunction of hypothalamus/anterior pituitary leading to excess GH after puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

define GIGANTISM

A

abnormal growth of entire body from excessive growth hormone before puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

define HYPERPITUITARISM

A

excess secretion of growth hormone causing acromegaly & gigantism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

define HYPOPITUITARISM

A

pituitary gland doesn’t make enough GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

define PITUITARY ADENOMA

A

slow growing & benign tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

aka: pituitary adenoma

A

pituitary tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

define FUNCTIONAL PITUITARY TUMORS

A

make lots of hormones unregulated (ACTH, growth, prolactin, TSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

define GALACTORRHEA

A

excess prolactin causes milk to be produced to spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

define PROLACTINOMA

A

benign functional pituitary tumor where the pituitary makes too much prolactin causing infertility in women, erectile dysfunction, & vision impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

describe DIABETES INSIPIDUS

A

not related to diabetes mellitus & uncommon; not enough ADH or kidneys can’t respond to ADH so the resulting imbalance of fluid leads to extreme thirst & frequent pee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

describe SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION (SIADH)

A

overproduction of ADH leads to hypervolemia & hyponatremia so the kidneys don’t excrete H2o causing bloating 7 water retention; cause: cancer/cancer treatment

81
Q

describe PINEALOMA

A

pineal tumor that disrupt melatonin production

82
Q

define THYROID CARCINOMA

A

most common cancer of endocrine system

83
Q

describe HYPOTHYROIDISM

A

deficiency of thyroid secretion w/fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, & decreased metabolism

84
Q

aka: hypothyroidism

A

underactive thyroid

85
Q

hashimoto’s disease

A

autoimmune where thyroid glands destroyed * inflammation contributes to hypothyroidism

86
Q

aka: Hashimoto’s disease

A

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

87
Q

describe CRETINISM

A

congenital form of hypothyroidism from lack of thyroid hormone secretion; lead to delayed growth and/or abnormal physical & mental development

88
Q

describe MYXEDEMA

A

extreme defiicency of thyroid secretions in older kids & adults w/puffy skin & swelling gen eye & cheek, fatuge, subnormal temp, swelling of laryngeal & pharyngeal mucous membranes

89
Q

aka: myxedema

A

adult hypothyroidism

90
Q

describe HYPERTHYROIDISM

A

overproduction of thyroid hormones most commonly caused by Graves’ disease leading to an increase in metabolism, sweating, nervousness, & weight loss

91
Q

aka: hyperthyroidism

A

thyrotoxicosis

92
Q

describe GRAVES’ DISEASE

A

autoimmune that attacks thyroid leading to hyperthyroidism leading to goiter, exophthalmos, & enlarged thyroid

93
Q

describe GOITER

A

abnormal, benign enlargement of thyroid leading to swelling of anterior neck from thyroid hormone deficiency (Graves’, iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, etc)

94
Q

aka: goiter

A

thyromegaly

95
Q

describe THYROID NODULES

A

lumps that can grow to cause goiter & either benign, malignant, or make too much thyroxine

96
Q

describe EXOPHTHALMOS

A

abnormal protrusion of eye out of orbit from hyperthyroidism causing an increase in tissue volume behind the eye for it to bulge

97
Q

conditions associated w/high thyroid secretions

A

hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, Goiter, exophthalmos, & thyroid storm

98
Q

describe THYROID STORM

A

rare & life threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism; s/s: fever, chest pain, palpitations, SOB, tremors, increase sweating, disorientation, & fatigue

99
Q

aka: thyroid storm

A

thyrotoxic crisis

100
Q

describe HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

A

overproduction of parathyroid hormone leading to hypercalcemia from bone degeneration; caused by a disorder of parathyroid/other body part

101
Q

aka: hyperparathyroidism

A

von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone

102
Q

define HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

A

insufficient/absent parathyroid hormone leading to hypocalcemia & tetany

103
Q

describe TETANY

A

periodic, painful muscle spasms/tremors; sustained contractions; or nervous excitability caused by PTH deficiency & inadequate Ca

104
Q

describe HYPERCALCEMIA

A

abnormally high level of calcium in blood leading to weakened bones & kidney stones

105
Q

define HYPOCALCEMIA

A

abnormally low level of calcium in blood

106
Q

describe MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

A

autoimmune where antibodies block muscle receptors so muscles weak, fatigue, & nerve signals lost generally associated w/abnormally large thymus or thymoma

107
Q

define INSULINOMA

A

benign pancreatic tumor of beta cells in islets of Langerhans that make additional insulin and lead to hypoglycemia

108
Q

define PANCREATITIS

A

inflammation of pancreas from alcohol abuse

109
Q

describe HYPERGLYCEMIA

A

abnormally high glucose in blood generally associated w/diabetes mellitus; s/s: polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

110
Q

define POLYDIPSIA

A

excessive thirst

111
Q

define POLYPHAGIA

A

excessive hunger

112
Q

define POLYURIA

A

excessive urination

113
Q

describe HYPOGLYCEMIA

A

abnormally low glucose in blood; s/s: nervousness, shakiness, confusion, perspiration, anxiety/weakness

114
Q

define HYPERINSULINISM

A

too much insulin in bloodstream & can lead to hypoglycemia

115
Q

describe DIABETES MELLITUS

A

most common; group of metabolic disorder w/hyperglycemia w/increase in glucose in blood/urine & vessel damage

116
Q

s/s: diabetes mellitus

A

acetone (fruity breath), abdominal pain, glycosuria, hyperventilation, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, slow healing, etc

116
Q

describe TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

A

autoimmune defect in insulin production bc pancreatic islet beta cells/abnormalities in islets of Langerhans; onset triggered by viral infection

117
Q

s/s: type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue, slow healing, stupor, nausea, vomiting

118
Q

aka: type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

119
Q

describe TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

A

unable to use insulin properly/insulin resistance w/normal insulin production; the lack of response causes an increase in insulin secretion

120
Q

aka: type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

121
Q

define PREDIABETES

A

glucose higher than normal but not high enough for type 2

122
Q

s/s: type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

asymptomatic otherwise same s/s o as type 1 diabetes mellitus + irritability, recurring infections, tingling in hands/feet, acetone, abdominal pain, glycosuria, hyperventilation

123
Q

describe LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN ADULTS (LADA)

A

type 1 autoimmune diabetes develops in adults w/same characteristics as type 2 & generally in adults w/normal to low body weight & history of type 1

124
Q

define GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)

A

begin ~ 24th week affecting 2-10% US pregnancies & resolve after birth but increase risk of developing type 2 diabetes

125
Q

define DIABETIC COMA

A

stupor/coma caused by hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia & can be fatal if untreated

126
Q

s/s: diabetic coma

A

flushed face, fruity breath, low BP, weak & rapid pulse, dry skin & tongue, urine has sugar & acetone, labored & prolonged breaths

127
Q

describe DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA)

A

life-threatening complication of buildup of acid waste product (ketone bodies) in blood from high blood glucose levels; treated w/insulin, replacement fluids, & electrolytes

128
Q

s/s: severe hypoglycemia

A

headache, pale face, shallow/rapid breaths, normal BP, full & pounding pulse, sweating, trembling, pee negative for sugar & acetone

129
Q

aka: severe hypoglycemia

A

insulin shock, diabetic shock, & insulin reaction

130
Q

define DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

A

diabetes damage vessels of retina & can lead to blood collecting into posterior segment of eye causing vision loss

131
Q

describe KETOSIS

A

process help utilize fat when energy lacking; a high ketosis level causes not enough insulin to turn glucose into energy

132
Q

describe KETOGENIC DIET

A

high fat & low carb; can help manage epileptic seizures

133
Q

describe ADDISON’S DISEASE

A

adrenal glands don’t make enough cortisol & sometimes aldosterone; life threatening

134
Q

s/s: Addison’s disease

A

chronic & worsening fatigue & muscle weakness, loss of appetite, low BP, weight loss, patches of dark skin, progressive anemia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, joint pain

135
Q

define ADRENALITIS

A

inflammation of 1/both adrenal glands

136
Q

describe ALDOSTERONISM

A

abnormality of electrolyte balance from excessive secretion of aldosterone; s/s: high BP

137
Q

aka: Cushing’s syndrome

A

hypercortisolism

138
Q

describe CUSHING’S SYNDROME

A

condition caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol either from overproduction/prolonged use of corticosteroids/tumor

139
Q

s/s: Cushing’s syndrome

A

rounded red “moon” face, weakness, thin, easily bruised skin, hypertension, weight gain

140
Q

define HYPERGONADISM

A

excessive secretion from sex glands leading to early onset of puberty & increased libido

141
Q

define GYNECOMASTIA

A

excessive mammary development in men from hormonal imbalance/hormone therapy (high in estrogen or low in testosterone)

142
Q

describe HYPOGONADISM

A

deficiency of sex hormones leading to erectile dysfunction, low sperm count, decreased libido, infertility, & increase risk for cardiovascular/diabetes/other; more common than hypergonadism

143
Q

define ADRENAL FEMINIZATION

A

pathological development of female secondary sex traits in person w/male anatomy

144
Q

define ACIDOSIS

A

increase in acidity of blood, body fluids, & tissues from excess hydrogen ions

145
Q

define ADRENAL VIRLISM

A

presence/development of male secondary sex traits in person w/female anatomy

146
Q

define OBESITY

A

abnormal amnt of fat on body being > 20% over average weight for age, sex, build, & height

147
Q

define PANHYPOPITUITARISM

A

inadequate secretion/total lack of anterior pituitary hormones

148
Q

define PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

A

tumor of adrenal glands that secrete excess epinephrine & norepinephrin

149
Q

s/s: pheochromocytoma

A

pounding headaches, hypertension, palpitations, paleness, shortness of breath

150
Q

describe RADIOACTIVE IODINE UPTAKE TEST (RAIU)

A

radioactive iodine ingested orally & radioactivity measured 6-24 hrs later w/gamma probe; measure thyroid function

151
Q

describe THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE ASSAY

A

measures circulating blood level of TSH to detect abnormal thyroid activity from excessive pituitary stimulation

152
Q

define THYROID SCAN

A

measures thyroid function

153
Q

define FASTING BLOOD SUGAR TEST (FBS)

A

measure glucose after not eating for 8-12 hrs to screen for diabetes/other diseases & monitor treatment

154
Q

aka: fasting blood sugar test

A

fasting plasma glucose test or fasting glucose

155
Q

describe ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT)

A

fast for at least 8 hrs for baseline blood draw then drink liquid w/high glucose & test glucose 1 & 2 hrs later; diagnose type 2/gestational diabetes

156
Q

define HOME BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING

A

measure current blood sugar level w/blood drop

157
Q

define CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING (CGM)

A

sensor under skin tests cellular fluid & transmit finding to device to track glucose over 24 hrs

158
Q

define HEMOGLOBIN A1c TESTING

A

blood test to measure avg blood sugar over past 3-4 months

159
Q

aka: hemoglobin A1c testing

A

HbA1c or A1c

160
Q

define FRUCTOSAMINE TEST

A

mesure avg blood sugar over past 3 weeks to detect changes faster than HbA1c

161
Q

describe BLOOD SERUM TEST

A

group of tests to measure blood for specific levels of hormones/other substances to determine how well glands & organs function; substances = LH, FSH, ACTH, ADH, GH, cortisol, progesterone, insulin, testosterone, Ca, Na, K, glucose

162
Q

define CATECHOLAMINES TESTS

A

patient collects urine over 24 hrs to measure catecholamines to detect/monitor pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma

163
Q

define CATECHOLAMINES

A

hormones secreted by adrenal medulla measured thru urine or blood

164
Q

define GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (GTT)

A

glucose given & blood drawn @ different times to determine response to insulin & diagnose diabetes

165
Q

define HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN TEST (qualitative)

A

determine if HCG is in blood/urine to determine pregnancy

166
Q

define HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN TEST(quantitative)

A

measures amnt of HCG in blood to diagnose abnormal conditions (ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, testicular/ovarian cancer) & fetal age

167
Q

aka: human chorionic gonadotropin tests

168
Q

define PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE TEST (PBI)

A

blood test indirectly measure thyroid activity by finding amnt of protein-bound iodine in blood to estimate amnt of thyroid hormone

169
Q

define RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA)

A

radioactive chemical injected in blood measure very small amnt of substances in plasma, specifically protein-bound hormones

170
Q

define THYROID &/or PARAYTHYROID ULTRASOUND (US)

A

ultrasound check for size of glands & determine if lump is cyst or tumor

171
Q

describe THYROID FUNCTION TEST (TFT)

A

panel of tests determine thyroid function; high levels can aggravate male reproductive disorders; parts = LATS test, TSH test, TBG test, t4 test, T3RU test, T3 test

172
Q

define LONG ACTING THYROID STIMULATOR TEST (LATS) test

A

detect LATS in blood; LATS can lead to hyperthyroidism

173
Q

define THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) TEST

A

measure amnt of TSH in blood & most accurate for thyroid activity

174
Q

describe THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN (TBG) TEST

A

measure amnt of thyroxine-binding globulin in blood & reliable indicator of T3 & T4 levels (bc it binds to it)

175
Q

define THYROXINE (t4) TEST

A

measure amnt of t4

176
Q

define TRIIODOTHYRONINE RESIN UPTAKE (T3RU) TEST

A

measure amnt of T4 in blood by testing for T3RU levels

177
Q

define TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) TEST

A

measure amnt of T3

178
Q

describe THYROID SCAN (iodine/technetium) ?

A

patient swallows/injected radioactive & camera records accumulation of chemical moving into thyroid to show thyroid activity & diagnose thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, & thyroid tumors

179
Q

define HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH)

A

synthetic version of growth hormone sometimes abused by athletes & can be used to stimulate skeletal growth in kids

180
Q

describe HYPOPHYSECTOMY

A

surgical removal of pituitary gland to treat tumors; done thru nose/skull opening

181
Q

define ANTITHYROID DRUG

A

slow/block thyroid hormone production to treat hyperthyroidism from Graves’ disease

182
Q

aka: antithyroid drug

A

antithyroid agents

183
Q

define RADIOACTIVE IODINE TREATMENT (RAI)

A

oral radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells to disable at least part of thyroid to treat cancer & chronic hyperthyroid disorders

184
Q

define LOBECTOMY

A

surgical removal of 1 lobe of thyroid/liver/brain/lung

185
Q

define THYROID REPLACEMENT THERAPY

A

use synthetic thyroid hormones to replace lost thyroid function

186
Q

define PARATHYROIDECTOMY

A

surgical removal of 1/more parathyroid glands to treat hyperparathyroidism or remove tumors

187
Q

define THYMECTOMY

A

surgical removal of thymus

188
Q

define PACREATECTOMY

A

surgical removal of all/part of pancreas

189
Q

define TOTAL PANCREATECTOMY

A

removes spleen, gallbladder, common bile duct, & parts of small intestine & stomach to treat cancer

190
Q

define LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY

A

minimally invasive procedure remove 1/both adrenal glands

191
Q

define CORTISOL

A

synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids to suppress inflammation & immune

192
Q

define THYROIDECTOMY

A

surgical removal of all/part of thyroid

193
Q

define HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

A

artificial hormone replacement given orally, iintravenously topically (patches), or pellets (under skin) to correct hypothyroidism & treat symptoms of menopause

194
Q

define INSULIN REPLACEMENT THERAPY

A

natural/synthetic insulin for type 1 DM or severe type 2 DM; possible side effect being weight gain

195
Q

define ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS

A

oral drugs to reduce blood glucose

196
Q

define SYNTHETIC ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

A

treat SIADH; vasopressin is a synthetic ADH

197
Q

define SYNTHETIC GLUCORTICOIDS

A

treat Addison’s disease & can cause adverse side effects (like Cushings) if used for long time

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions