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HOSA: Med Term > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

define GLAND

A

group of specialized epithelial cells producing secretions

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2
Q

define EXOCRINE GLANDS & give examples

A

secrete hormones into ducts (ex: salivary, mmmary, sweat)

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3
Q

define HORMONES

A

chemical messengers from endocrine glands that affect almost every organ & cell

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4
Q

describe ENDOCRINE GLANDS

A

don’t have ducts so release hormones into blood streams; 13 glands of this type

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5
Q

describe PITUITARY GLANDS

A

pea-sized gland that hangs below hypothalamus that control activity of other endocrine gland & responds to stimuli from neurohormones secreted by hypothalamus; 2 parts (posterior & anterior)

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6
Q

define ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary that controls cortisol production

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7
Q

define FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary controlling estrogen secretion, ova growth, & sperm production

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8
Q

define GROWTH HORMONE (GH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary growth of bone, muscle, body & development

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9
Q

define LACTOGENIC HORMONE (LTH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary stimulate & maintain breast milk & breast development

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10
Q

aka: lactogenic hormone

A

prolactin

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11
Q

define LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary control ovulation & testosterone

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12
Q

define MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE (MSH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary increase production of melanin & generally high in pregnancy

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13
Q

define THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

A

hormone of anterior pituitary that stimulate & regulate thyroid function

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14
Q

describe ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

A

hormone of posterior pituitary secreted by hypothalamus & stored in pituitary, lower water excretion thru kidneys leading to blood pressure & constricts blood vessels

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15
Q

define OXYTOCIN (OXT)

A

hormone of posterior pituitary that control birth contractions, controls postnatal hemorrhage, & stimulate milk release

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16
Q

define PITOCIN

A

synthetic oxytocin

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17
Q

aka: pineal gland

A

pineal body

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18
Q

define MELATONIN

A

regulate circadian rhythm

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19
Q

define THYROID GLAND

A

either side of larynx below thyroid cartilage to regulate metabolism, growth, function of nervous system

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20
Q

list hormones of pituitary

A
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • follicle-stimulating hormone
  • growth hormone
  • lactogenic hormone
  • luteinizing hormone
  • melanocyte-stimulating hormone
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone
  • antidiuretic hormone
  • oxytocin
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21
Q

describe THYROXINE (T4)

A

hormone of thyroid; controls metabolism & temperature

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22
Q

describe TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3)

A

hormone of thyroid; control metabolism & temperature & is more powerful than T4; rate of secretion controlled by TSH

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23
Q

describe CALCITONIN

A

hormone of thyroid; works w/parathyroid hormone that lowers calcium in blood/tissue by moving into bone

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24
Q

list hormones of thyroid

A

thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

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25
Q

define PARATHYROID GLANDS

A

size of grain of rice in posterior surface of thyroid gland

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26
Q

define PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)

A

increase blood calcium levels via breakdown of bone

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27
Q

define THYMUS

A

near midline in anterior thoracic to develop immune before brith & during childhood & slowly turns into fat

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28
Q

define THYMOSIN

A

turns mature lymphocytes into T cells

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29
Q

define PANCREAS

A

feather shaped organ posterior to stomach

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30
Q

define PANCREATIC ISLETS

A

part of pancreas w/endocrine function that controls blood glucose & glucose metabolism

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31
Q

define GLUCOSE

A

basic form of energy

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32
Q

define GLUCAGON

A

secreted by alpha cells in pancreas to respond to low levels of glucose by telling liver to convert glycogen into glucose to increase blood glucose

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33
Q

define INSULIN

A

secreted by beta cells in pacnreas to respond to low blood sugar levels

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34
Q

list hormones of pancreas

A

pancreatic islets, glucose, glucagon, insulin

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35
Q

aka: adrenal glands

A

suprarenals

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36
Q

define ADRENAL CORTEX

A

outer portion of adrenal gland

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37
Q

list hormones of adrenal cortex

A

androgens, estrogen, progestin, corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids (aldosterone & deoxycorticosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol & cortisone)

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38
Q

define CORTICOSTEROIDS

A

steroid hormone from adrenal cortex

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39
Q

define MINERALOCORTICOIDS

A

group of hormones balance fluid & electrolyte levels

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40
Q

describing ALDOSTERONE

A

corticosteroid (of mineralcorticoids) of the adrenal cortex regulating fluid balance, blood pressure, & electrolyte concentrations (increase Nareabsorption & K excretion)

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41
Q

define DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE

A

building block for ALD secreted by adrenal cortex

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42
Q

define GLUCOCORTICOIDS

A

group of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex metabolize carbs, proteins, & fats

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43
Q

define CORTISOL

A

glucorticoid that is an antinflammatory corticosteroid that regulates blood glucose levels & metabolism

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44
Q

aka: cortisol

A

hydrocortisone

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45
Q

define CORTISONE

A

glucocorticoids that regulate blood glucose levels

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46
Q

define ADRENAL MEDULLA

A

middle portion of adrenal gland secreting epinephrine & norepinephrine

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47
Q

describe EPINEPHRINE

A

hormone of adrenal medulla stimulate sympathetic nervous & intensify stress & trigger 4Fs; increases bpm, BP, & respiration; liver releases glucose & limites insulin

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48
Q

describe NOREPINEPHRINE

A

adrenal hormone and sympathetic neurohormone that preps body for stress response by acting as vasoconstrictor by increasing BP, strengthens heart beat, & stimulates muscle contractions

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49
Q

define ELECTROLYTES

A

mineral substances in bodily fluids (Ca, chloride, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, & potassium)

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50
Q

define GONADS

A

glands that produce gametes & develop & maintain secondary sex

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51
Q

describe PUBERTY

A

time for maturing of genital organs & development of secondary sex traits; 12 yrs for girls & 11 for boys

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52
Q

define PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

A

early onset puberty before 8 in girls & 9 in boys

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53
Q

define ESTROGEN

A

secreted by ovaries to develop secondary sex & menstrual regulation

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54
Q

define PROGESTERONE

A

released during 2nd half of cycle from corpus luteum in ovary to complete prep of uterus & maintain pregnancy

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55
Q

define GONADOTROPIN

A

any hormone that stimulates gonads; produced by gonads

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56
Q

describe ANDROGENS

A

sex hormones secreted by gonads, adrenal cortex, & fat cells; primarily composed of testosterone to develop & maintain male characteristics

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57
Q

define TESTOSTERONE

A

steroid hormone from testicles & adrenal cortex to develop male secondary sex & sperm production

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58
Q

define STEROIDS

A

large family of hormones derived from cholesterol that relieve swelling & inflammation (estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, etc)

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59
Q

describe ANABOLIC STEROID

A

man-made chemically related male sex hormone to treat hormone issues in men & replace muscle mass lost from disease

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60
Q

name some hormones fat cells secrete

A

leptin & ghrelin

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61
Q

describe LEPTIN

A

hormone secreted by fat cells & regulate appetite by acting on hypothalamus to suppress appetite & burn fat

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62
Q

define GHRELIN

A

hormone secreted by fat cells & made in GI tract responsible for hunger

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63
Q

define NEUROHORMONES

A

produced & released by neurons in brain rather than endocrine glands via blood stream

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64
Q

define ADENITIS

A

inflammation of gland

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65
Q

define ADENOCARCINOMA

A

malignant tumor originating in glands & can spread

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66
Q

describe MESENTERIC ADENITIS

A

inflammation of lymph nodes in abdomen; s/s: similar to appendicitis

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67
Q

define APPENDICITIS

A

inflammation of appendix bc of blockage leading to infection

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68
Q

define ADENOMA

A

benign tumor start in epithelial tissue

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69
Q

define ADENOSIS

A

any disease/condition of gland

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70
Q

describe ACROMEGALY

A

rare abnormal enlargement of hands, feet, & face from malfunction of hypothalamus/anterior pituitary leading to excess GH after puberty

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71
Q

define GIGANTISM

A

abnormal growth of entire body from excessive growth hormone before puberty

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72
Q

define HYPERPITUITARISM

A

excess secretion of growth hormone causing acromegaly & gigantism

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73
Q

define HYPOPITUITARISM

A

pituitary gland doesn’t make enough GH

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74
Q

define PITUITARY ADENOMA

A

slow growing & benign tumor

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75
Q

aka: pituitary adenoma

A

pituitary tumor

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76
Q

define FUNCTIONAL PITUITARY TUMORS

A

make lots of hormones unregulated (ACTH, growth, prolactin, TSH)

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77
Q

define GALACTORRHEA

A

excess prolactin causes milk to be produced to spontaneously

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78
Q

define PROLACTINOMA

A

benign functional pituitary tumor where the pituitary makes too much prolactin causing infertility in women, erectile dysfunction, & vision impairment

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79
Q

describe DIABETES INSIPIDUS

A

not related to diabetes mellitus & uncommon; not enough ADH or kidneys can’t respond to ADH so the resulting imbalance of fluid leads to extreme thirst & frequent pee

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80
Q

describe SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION (SIADH)

A

overproduction of ADH leads to hypervolemia & hyponatremia so the kidneys don’t excrete H2o causing bloating 7 water retention; cause: cancer/cancer treatment

81
Q

describe PINEALOMA

A

pineal tumor that disrupt melatonin production

82
Q

define THYROID CARCINOMA

A

most common cancer of endocrine system

83
Q

describe HYPOTHYROIDISM

A

deficiency of thyroid secretion w/fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, & decreased metabolism

84
Q

aka: hypothyroidism

A

underactive thyroid

85
Q

hashimoto’s disease

A

autoimmune where thyroid glands destroyed * inflammation contributes to hypothyroidism

86
Q

aka: Hashimoto’s disease

A

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

87
Q

describe CRETINISM

A

congenital form of hypothyroidism from lack of thyroid hormone secretion; lead to delayed growth and/or abnormal physical & mental development

88
Q

describe MYXEDEMA

A

extreme defiicency of thyroid secretions in older kids & adults w/puffy skin & swelling gen eye & cheek, fatuge, subnormal temp, swelling of laryngeal & pharyngeal mucous membranes

89
Q

aka: myxedema

A

adult hypothyroidism

90
Q

describe HYPERTHYROIDISM

A

overproduction of thyroid hormones most commonly caused by Graves’ disease leading to an increase in metabolism, sweating, nervousness, & weight loss

91
Q

aka: hyperthyroidism

A

thyrotoxicosis

92
Q

describe GRAVES’ DISEASE

A

autoimmune that attacks thyroid leading to hyperthyroidism leading to goiter, exophthalmos, & enlarged thyroid

93
Q

describe GOITER

A

abnormal, benign enlargement of thyroid leading to swelling of anterior neck from thyroid hormone deficiency (Graves’, iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, etc)

94
Q

aka: goiter

A

thyromegaly

95
Q

describe THYROID NODULES

A

lumps that can grow to cause goiter & either benign, malignant, or make too much thyroxine

96
Q

describe EXOPHTHALMOS

A

abnormal protrusion of eye out of orbit from hyperthyroidism causing an increase in tissue volume behind the eye for it to bulge

97
Q

conditions associated w/high thyroid secretions

A

hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, Goiter, exophthalmos, & thyroid storm

98
Q

describe THYROID STORM

A

rare & life threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism; s/s: fever, chest pain, palpitations, SOB, tremors, increase sweating, disorientation, & fatigue

99
Q

aka: thyroid storm

A

thyrotoxic crisis

100
Q

describe HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

A

overproduction of parathyroid hormone leading to hypercalcemia from bone degeneration; caused by a disorder of parathyroid/other body part

101
Q

aka: hyperparathyroidism

A

von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone

102
Q

define HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

A

insufficient/absent parathyroid hormone leading to hypocalcemia & tetany

103
Q

describe TETANY

A

periodic, painful muscle spasms/tremors; sustained contractions; or nervous excitability caused by PTH deficiency & inadequate Ca

104
Q

describe HYPERCALCEMIA

A

abnormally high level of calcium in blood leading to weakened bones & kidney stones

105
Q

define HYPOCALCEMIA

A

abnormally low level of calcium in blood

106
Q

describe MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

A

autoimmune where antibodies block muscle receptors so muscles weak, fatigue, & nerve signals lost generally associated w/abnormally large thymus or thymoma

107
Q

define INSULINOMA

A

benign pancreatic tumor of beta cells in islets of Langerhans that make additional insulin and lead to hypoglycemia

108
Q

define PANCREATITIS

A

inflammation of pancreas from alcohol abuse

109
Q

describe HYPERGLYCEMIA

A

abnormally high glucose in blood generally associated w/diabetes mellitus; s/s: polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

110
Q

define POLYDIPSIA

A

excessive thirst

111
Q

define POLYPHAGIA

A

excessive hunger

112
Q

define POLYURIA

A

excessive urination

113
Q

describe HYPOGLYCEMIA

A

abnormally low glucose in blood; s/s: nervousness, shakiness, confusion, perspiration, anxiety/weakness

114
Q

define HYPERINSULINISM

A

too much insulin in bloodstream & can lead to hypoglycemia

115
Q

describe DIABETES MELLITUS

A

most common; group of metabolic disorder w/hyperglycemia w/increase in glucose in blood/urine & vessel damage

116
Q

s/s: diabetes mellitus

A

acetone (fruity breath), abdominal pain, glycosuria, hyperventilation, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, slow healing, etc

116
Q

describe TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

A

autoimmune defect in insulin production bc pancreatic islet beta cells/abnormalities in islets of Langerhans; onset triggered by viral infection

117
Q

s/s: type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue, slow healing, stupor, nausea, vomiting

118
Q

aka: type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

119
Q

describe TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

A

unable to use insulin properly/insulin resistance w/normal insulin production; the lack of response causes an increase in insulin secretion

120
Q

aka: type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

121
Q

define PREDIABETES

A

glucose higher than normal but not high enough for type 2

122
Q

s/s: type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

asymptomatic otherwise same s/s o as type 1 diabetes mellitus + irritability, recurring infections, tingling in hands/feet, acetone, abdominal pain, glycosuria, hyperventilation

123
Q

describe LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN ADULTS (LADA)

A

type 1 autoimmune diabetes develops in adults w/same characteristics as type 2 & generally in adults w/normal to low body weight & history of type 1

124
Q

define GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)

A

begin ~ 24th week affecting 2-10% US pregnancies & resolve after birth but increase risk of developing type 2 diabetes

125
Q

define DIABETIC COMA

A

stupor/coma caused by hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia & can be fatal if untreated

126
Q

s/s: diabetic coma

A

flushed face, fruity breath, low BP, weak & rapid pulse, dry skin & tongue, urine has sugar & acetone, labored & prolonged breaths

127
Q

describe DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA)

A

life-threatening complication of buildup of acid waste product (ketone bodies) in blood from high blood glucose levels; treated w/insulin, replacement fluids, & electrolytes

128
Q

s/s: severe hypoglycemia

A

headache, pale face, shallow/rapid breaths, normal BP, full & pounding pulse, sweating, trembling, pee negative for sugar & acetone

129
Q

aka: severe hypoglycemia

A

insulin shock, diabetic shock, & insulin reaction

130
Q

define DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

A

diabetes damage vessels of retina & can lead to blood collecting into posterior segment of eye causing vision loss

131
Q

describe KETOSIS

A

process help utilize fat when energy lacking; a high ketosis level causes not enough insulin to turn glucose into energy

132
Q

describe KETOGENIC DIET

A

high fat & low carb; can help manage epileptic seizures

133
Q

describe ADDISON’S DISEASE

A

adrenal glands don’t make enough cortisol & sometimes aldosterone; life threatening

134
Q

s/s: Addison’s disease

A

chronic & worsening fatigue & muscle weakness, loss of appetite, low BP, weight loss, patches of dark skin, progressive anemia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, joint pain

135
Q

define ADRENALITIS

A

inflammation of 1/both adrenal glands

136
Q

describe ALDOSTERONISM

A

abnormality of electrolyte balance from excessive secretion of aldosterone; s/s: high BP

137
Q

aka: Cushing’s syndrome

A

hypercortisolism

138
Q

describe CUSHING’S SYNDROME

A

condition caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol either from overproduction/prolonged use of corticosteroids/tumor

139
Q

s/s: Cushing’s syndrome

A

rounded red “moon” face, weakness, thin, easily bruised skin, hypertension, weight gain

140
Q

define HYPERGONADISM

A

excessive secretion from sex glands leading to early onset of puberty & increased libido

141
Q

define GYNECOMASTIA

A

excessive mammary development in men from hormonal imbalance/hormone therapy (high in estrogen or low in testosterone)

142
Q

describe HYPOGONADISM

A

deficiency of sex hormones leading to erectile dysfunction, low sperm count, decreased libido, infertility, & increase risk for cardiovascular/diabetes/other; more common than hypergonadism

143
Q

define ADRENAL FEMINIZATION

A

pathological development of female secondary sex traits in person w/male anatomy

144
Q

define ACIDOSIS

A

increase in acidity of blood, body fluids, & tissues from excess hydrogen ions

145
Q

define ADRENAL VIRLISM

A

presence/development of male secondary sex traits in person w/female anatomy

146
Q

define OBESITY

A

abnormal amnt of fat on body being > 20% over average weight for age, sex, build, & height

147
Q

define PANHYPOPITUITARISM

A

inadequate secretion/total lack of anterior pituitary hormones

148
Q

define PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

A

tumor of adrenal glands that secrete excess epinephrine & norepinephrin

149
Q

s/s: pheochromocytoma

A

pounding headaches, hypertension, palpitations, paleness, shortness of breath

150
Q

describe RADIOACTIVE IODINE UPTAKE TEST (RAIU)

A

radioactive iodine ingested orally & radioactivity measured 6-24 hrs later w/gamma probe; measure thyroid function

151
Q

describe THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE ASSAY

A

measures circulating blood level of TSH to detect abnormal thyroid activity from excessive pituitary stimulation

152
Q

define THYROID SCAN

A

measures thyroid function

153
Q

define FASTING BLOOD SUGAR TEST (FBS)

A

measure glucose after not eating for 8-12 hrs to screen for diabetes/other diseases & monitor treatment

154
Q

aka: fasting blood sugar test

A

fasting plasma glucose test or fasting glucose

155
Q

describe ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT)

A

fast for at least 8 hrs for baseline blood draw then drink liquid w/high glucose & test glucose 1 & 2 hrs later; diagnose type 2/gestational diabetes

156
Q

define HOME BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING

A

measure current blood sugar level w/blood drop

157
Q

define CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING (CGM)

A

sensor under skin tests cellular fluid & transmit finding to device to track glucose over 24 hrs

158
Q

define HEMOGLOBIN A1c TESTING

A

blood test to measure avg blood sugar over past 3-4 months

159
Q

aka: hemoglobin A1c testing

A

HbA1c or A1c

160
Q

define FRUCTOSAMINE TEST

A

mesure avg blood sugar over past 3 weeks to detect changes faster than HbA1c

161
Q

describe BLOOD SERUM TEST

A

group of tests to measure blood for specific levels of hormones/other substances to determine how well glands & organs function; substances = LH, FSH, ACTH, ADH, GH, cortisol, progesterone, insulin, testosterone, Ca, Na, K, glucose

162
Q

define CATECHOLAMINES TESTS

A

patient collects urine over 24 hrs to measure catecholamines to detect/monitor pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma

163
Q

define CATECHOLAMINES

A

hormones secreted by adrenal medulla measured thru urine or blood

164
Q

define GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (GTT)

A

glucose given & blood drawn @ different times to determine response to insulin & diagnose diabetes

165
Q

define HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN TEST (qualitative)

A

determine if HCG is in blood/urine to determine pregnancy

166
Q

define HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN TEST(quantitative)

A

measures amnt of HCG in blood to diagnose abnormal conditions (ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, testicular/ovarian cancer) & fetal age

167
Q

aka: human chorionic gonadotropin tests

A

HCG tests

168
Q

define PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE TEST (PBI)

A

blood test indirectly measure thyroid activity by finding amnt of protein-bound iodine in blood to estimate amnt of thyroid hormone

169
Q

define RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA)

A

radioactive chemical injected in blood measure very small amnt of substances in plasma, specifically protein-bound hormones

170
Q

define THYROID &/or PARAYTHYROID ULTRASOUND (US)

A

ultrasound check for size of glands & determine if lump is cyst or tumor

171
Q

describe THYROID FUNCTION TEST (TFT)

A

panel of tests determine thyroid function; high levels can aggravate male reproductive disorders; parts = LATS test, TSH test, TBG test, t4 test, T3RU test, T3 test

172
Q

define LONG ACTING THYROID STIMULATOR TEST (LATS) test

A

detect LATS in blood; LATS can lead to hyperthyroidism

173
Q

define THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) TEST

A

measure amnt of TSH in blood & most accurate for thyroid activity

174
Q

describe THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN (TBG) TEST

A

measure amnt of thyroxine-binding globulin in blood & reliable indicator of T3 & T4 levels (bc it binds to it)

175
Q

define THYROXINE (t4) TEST

A

measure amnt of t4

176
Q

define TRIIODOTHYRONINE RESIN UPTAKE (T3RU) TEST

A

measure amnt of T4 in blood by testing for T3RU levels

177
Q

define TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) TEST

A

measure amnt of T3

178
Q

describe THYROID SCAN (iodine/technetium) ?

A

patient swallows/injected radioactive & camera records accumulation of chemical moving into thyroid to show thyroid activity & diagnose thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, & thyroid tumors

179
Q

define HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH)

A

synthetic version of growth hormone sometimes abused by athletes & can be used to stimulate skeletal growth in kids

180
Q

describe HYPOPHYSECTOMY

A

surgical removal of pituitary gland to treat tumors; done thru nose/skull opening

181
Q

define ANTITHYROID DRUG

A

slow/block thyroid hormone production to treat hyperthyroidism from Graves’ disease

182
Q

aka: antithyroid drug

A

antithyroid agents

183
Q

define RADIOACTIVE IODINE TREATMENT (RAI)

A

oral radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells to disable at least part of thyroid to treat cancer & chronic hyperthyroid disorders

184
Q

define LOBECTOMY

A

surgical removal of 1 lobe of thyroid/liver/brain/lung

185
Q

define THYROID REPLACEMENT THERAPY

A

use synthetic thyroid hormones to replace lost thyroid function

186
Q

define PARATHYROIDECTOMY

A

surgical removal of 1/more parathyroid glands to treat hyperparathyroidism or remove tumors

187
Q

define THYMECTOMY

A

surgical removal of thymus

188
Q

define PACREATECTOMY

A

surgical removal of all/part of pancreas

189
Q

define TOTAL PANCREATECTOMY

A

removes spleen, gallbladder, common bile duct, & parts of small intestine & stomach to treat cancer

190
Q

define LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY

A

minimally invasive procedure remove 1/both adrenal glands

191
Q

define CORTISOL

A

synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids to suppress inflammation & immune

192
Q

define THYROIDECTOMY

A

surgical removal of all/part of thyroid

193
Q

define HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

A

artificial hormone replacement given orally, iintravenously topically (patches), or pellets (under skin) to correct hypothyroidism & treat symptoms of menopause

194
Q

define INSULIN REPLACEMENT THERAPY

A

natural/synthetic insulin for type 1 DM or severe type 2 DM; possible side effect being weight gain

195
Q

define ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS

A

oral drugs to reduce blood glucose

196
Q

define SYNTHETIC ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

A

treat SIADH; vasopressin is a synthetic ADH

197
Q

define SYNTHETIC GLUCORTICOIDS

A

treat Addison’s disease & can cause adverse side effects (like Cushings) if used for long time

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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