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HOSA: Med Term > Nervous & Special Senses pt 3 > Flashcards

Nervous & Special Senses pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

define WEBER & RINNE TESTS

A

tuning fork to distinguish between conductive & sensorineural hearing loss to evaluate ability by air conduction compared to bone conduction

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2
Q

define MENTAL STATUS EXAM

A

screening method assesses appearance, eye contact, consciousness, memory & attention, perception, motor activity, cognitive performance, mood & judgment, sensory deficits, & if patient is danger to self/others

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3
Q

define CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

A

xray of vessels in brain after dye injected to diagnose CVA & other injuries/disorders

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4
Q

define MIN-MENTAL STATE EXAM

A

screening method for cognitive impairment & dementia & examine mental functions (attention, thinking, memory, language, ability to follow commands)

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5
Q

aka: mini-mental state exam

A

Folstein test

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6
Q

define MYELOGRAM

A

xray of cord taken after contrast injected in spine

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7
Q

define PSYCHIATRIC REVIEW OF SYSTEMS

A

helps diagnose mental health conditions by detecting significant issues/recent changes in 9 areas (cognition, psychosis, substance use, mood, neurovegetative, anxiety, eating disorder, violence, & impulse control)

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8
Q

define BABINSKI SIGN

A

reflex where toes curl upward when plantar of foot stimulated; if in person 2 yrs or older it indicates a brain or nervous disorder

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9
Q

define NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITY (NCV)

A

electrodes on surface of body over specific nerves to measure speed where impulses travel thru nerve

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10
Q

define ISHIHARA COLOR VISION TEST

A

test for color blindness by looking for # in circle made of dots

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11
Q

define TUNING FORK TESTS

A

ay hearing test w/tuning fork to assess ability to detect different pitches

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12
Q

define PNEUMATIC OTOSCOPY

A

exam of external ear & tympanic membrane w/pneumatic otoscope to assess reactivity to pressure changes

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13
Q

define OTOSCOPY

A

visual exam of ear w/otoscope

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14
Q

define OTOSCOPE

A

tool inspects external auditory canal & tympanic membrane

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15
Q

define PRECISION NERVE EXAMS

A

group of neurological exams where 5 different kinds of responses evaluated for abnormalities in CNS and/or PNS

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16
Q

describe EXTINCTION (precision nerve exam)

A

patient sit upright w/eyes closed & DR touches trunk/legs in 1 place then 2 # ask patient to identify spots of sensation; extinction = patient can’t point to 2 different areas in part 2

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17
Q

define GRAPHESTHESIA (precision nerve exam)

A

patient identify number/letter written on hands w/eyes closed on both hands

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18
Q

define PAIN & LIGHT TOUCH SENSATION (precision nerve exam)

A

patient supine w/eyes closed & identify objects as sharp or dull

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19
Q

define POSITION SENSE (precision nerve exam)

A

patient eyes closed & identify whether big toe moved up or down by DR on both feet

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20
Q

define STEREOGNOSIS (precision nerve exam)

A

patient eyes closed & identify object place in hand & repeat w/different object in other hand

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21
Q

define NEURORRHAPHY

A

suturing together ends of severed nerves

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22
Q

define HYPNOTIC

A

drug depress CNS to cause sleep or unconsciousness

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23
Q

define ANTICONVULSANT

A

drug prevents seizures

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24
Q

define BARBITURATES

A

drug class for calming or depressing CNS

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25
Q

define SEDATIVE

A

drug depress CNS to calm & diminish response w/o sleep w/soothing or tranquilizer effect

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26
Q

define ANESTHESIA

A

absence of normal sensation & pain

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27
Q

define ANESTHETIC

A

medication to induce anesthesia (topical, local, regional, or general)

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28
Q

define EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA

A

regional (stop nerve conduction) into epidural space of lumbar/sacral region

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29
Q

define SPINAL ANESTHESIA

A

regional injection into subarachnoid space so patient is conscious but numb from waist/lower chest down

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30
Q

aka: spinal anesthesia

A

spinal block

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31
Q

define DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION (DBS)

A

treatment of dystonia, tremors, & Parkinson’s by stimulating w/mild electrical signals via an implanted device

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32
Q

define STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY (SRS)

A

use 3D coordinates to find small tumors to minimize damage to good tissue & then special frame to focus precise beams of radiation to treat inoperable cancer

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33
Q

describe GAMMA KNIFE SURGERY

A

radiation treatment for brain tumors w/o using a knife or incision; an example of stereotactic radiosurgery

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34
Q

define ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)

A

small electric currents pass thru brain causing brief seizures/convulsions to reverse symptoms & change brain chemistry to improve motor function in Parkinson’s patients & treat severe depression

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35
Q

aka: electroconvulsive therapy

A

electroshock therapy

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36
Q

define LOBECTOMY

A

surgical removal of part of brain to treat cancer or seizure

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37
Q

define THALAMOTOMY

A

surgical incision into thalamus to destroy the cells & quiet tremors of Parkinson’s

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38
Q

define TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS)

A

brief, powerful electromagnetic pulses alter pathways to treat severe depression, Parkinson’s, & other conditions

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39
Q

define RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION (REA)

A

minimally invasive procedure that burns nerves to prevent pain signal transmission to treat chronic & arthritic pain

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40
Q

aka: radiofrequency ablation

A

rhizotomy

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41
Q

define NEUROTOMY

A

surgical division or dissection of nerve to relieve pain & suppress tremors

42
Q

define PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG

A

primarily acts on CNS by temporarily affecting mind, emotion, & behavior to control pain & treat narcolepsy/attention disorder

43
Q

define ANTIDEPRESSANT

A

psychotropic drug that prevent/relieve depression, treat OCD & general anxiety, & relieve chronic pain

44
Q

define ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG

A

psychotropic drug that treat s/s of severe thinking & mood disorders w/neurological & psychiatric illness (schizophrenia spectrum disorder, schizoaffective disorder, mania, delusional disorders, severe depression, PTSD, Alzheimer’s, & personality disorder)

45
Q

define ANXIOLYTIC DRUG

A

psychotropic drug that relieve anxiety & tension & can be used as sedative before anesthesia

46
Q

aka: anxiolytic drug

A

antianxiety drug/tranquilizer

47
Q

define MOOD-STABILIZING DRUG

A

treat mood instability & bipolar disorders

48
Q

describe STIMULANT

A

drug increases brain activity causing an increase in concentration & awakeness to treat ADHD & narcolepsy; overuse will cause sleeplessness & heart palpitations

49
Q

define PSYCHOANALYSIS

A

gain insight into one’s feelings/behavior patterns, finding if mental disorder stemmed from childhood

50
Q

define EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION & REPROCESSING THERAPY (EMDR)

A

revisit traumatic memories & focus on physical, bilateral stimuli

51
Q

define BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

A

identify problem behavior to then replace w/good behavior to cause behavior change by using rewards & consequences

52
Q

describe COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT)

A

change thoughts affecting emotion/action by challenging thru logic/evidence/testing to change problematic beliefs; end result is improved awareness of negative thought process & ability to counter negative thoughts

53
Q

describe HYPNOTHERAPY

A

altered state of increased focus & attention that causes patient to be willing to believe & act on suggestion; used for pain relief, reduce anxiety, & modify behavior

54
Q

aka: hypnotherapy

A

hypnosis

55
Q

define ORBITOTOMY

A

surgical incision into orbit for biopsy, drain abscess, or remove tumor/foreign body

56
Q

define TARSORRHAPHY

A

partial/complete suturing of upper & lower lids to protect eye when lids paralyzed/can’t close or heal corneal lesions

57
Q

define ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) INJECTIONS

A

intravitreal injections to treat wet macular degeneration by slowing growth of abnormal blood vessels

58
Q

describe CORNEAL TRANSPLANT

A

replace scarred/disease cornea; very common & successful

59
Q

aka: corneal transplant

A

keratoplasty

60
Q

define ENUCLEATION

A

removal of eyeball leaving eye muscles intact & done if eye irrecoverable diseased/damaged

61
Q

define OCULAR PROSTHESIS

A

fitted over malformed eye/replace complete eye

62
Q

aka: ocular prosthesis

A

artificial eye

63
Q

define RADIAL KERATOTOMY (RK)

A

surgical procedure to treat myopia by flattening cornea to bring the focal point closer to retina

64
Q

define SCLERAL BUCKLE

A

silicone band/sponge repairs detached retina by being sutured to sclera over retina causing indentation/buckle inside eye

65
Q

define VITRECTOMY

A

removal of vitreous humor & replace w/saline to treat retinal detachment or diabetic retinopathy caused by blood leakage

66
Q

define CATARACT SURGERY

A

surgical removal of cataract & replace w/artificial intraocular lens

67
Q

define PHACOEMULSIFICATION

A

ultrasonic vibration shatter & aspirate lens & intraocular lens placed tru small opening to restore vision in ppl w/cataracts

68
Q

aka: phacoemulsification

A

phaco

69
Q

define INTRAOCULAR LENS i

A

surgically implanted replaced lens either monofocal or multifocal

70
Q

define LASER IRIDOTOMY

A

focused beam of light causes a hole in iris to treat closed-angle glaucoma

71
Q

define LASER TRABECULOPLASTY

A

treats open angle glaucoma by creating openings in trabecular meshwork to allow fluid to drain properly

72
Q

define LASER-ASSISTED IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS (LASIK)

A

treat vision conditions by opening a flap on cornea to change shape of deep corneal layer & UV laser corrects refraction errors (myopia, hyperopia, & astigmatism)

73
Q

define PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATOTOMY (PRK)

A

similar to LASIK where outer layer of cornea removed & discarded & laser change shape of deep corneal layer & outer layer of cornea grows back

74
Q

define LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION

A

treat diabetic retinopathy & AMD by sealing leaking/damaged blood vessels & intentionally creating scar tissue to repair small retinal tears or holes

75
Q

define PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY

A

gas bubble injected into vitreous cavity causing pressure on detached area while healing & bubble gradually dissipates

76
Q

define OTOPLASTY

A

surgical repair/restoration/alteration of pinna

77
Q

define EAR TUBES

A

tiny ventilating tubes through eardrum to drain fluid & relieve pressure

78
Q

aka: ear tubes

A

tympanostomy tubes

79
Q

define MASTOIDECTOMY

A

surgical removal of part of mastoid process to treat uncontrollable mastoiditis or prep cochlear implant placement

80
Q

define MYRINGOTOMY

A

small incision in eardrum to relieve pressure from pus/fluid or create opening for ear tubes

81
Q

define STAPEDECTOMY

A

removal of stapes & insert small prosthetic to conduct sound vibrations to inner ear

82
Q

define TYMPANOPLASTY

A

surgical correction of hole in eardrum to cure chronic inflammation or restore function

83
Q

define LABYRINTHECTOMY

A

surgical removal of all/part of labyrinth to relieve uncontrolled vertigo but will cause complete deafness in affected ear

84
Q

define VESTIBULAR REHABILITATION THERAPY (VRT)

A

physical therapy to treat balance disorders

85
Q

define ASSISTIVE LISTENING DEVICE (ALD)

A

transmits/processes/amplifies sound w/ or w/o hearing aid & eliminates distracting background noises

86
Q

define COCHLEAR IMPLANT

A

bypasses damaged part of ear to auditory nerve by capturing sound & turns into digital signals to be read by electrodes implanted into cochlea

87
Q

define HEARING AIDS

A

electronic devices correct hearing loss (analog or digital)

88
Q

define BIOFEEDBACK

A

greater awareness of physiological function relieves anxiety & stress

89
Q

define CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNT

A

drains CSF in controlled way from ventricles to abdomen/heart ot treat hydrocephalus

90
Q

define EXPRESSIVE ART THERAPIES

A

dance, art, or music improve mental & emotional well being

91
Q

define LIGHT THERAPY

A

specialized light source replicate sunlight to treat seasonal affective disorder

92
Q

define NERVE BLOCK

A

local/regional anesthetic/anesthesia to prevent pain near nerve

93
Q

define PSYCHOTHERAPY

A

emphasize verbal & nonverbal communication in 1 on 1/family/group settings for desired response or actions to help psychiatric disorders

94
Q

define MOOD STABILIZER

A

prevent extremely high/low emotional states & decreases behaviors associated w/certain mental illness

95
Q

define LASER THERAPY

A

surgical/therapeutic use of devices generate concentrated beams of light & can excise/resurface tissue

96
Q

define ANESTHETIST

A

specialize in anesthesia administration, but not physician

97
Q

define PSYCHIATRIST

A

diagnose & treat chemical dependencies, emotional problems, & mental illnesses

98
Q

define PSYCHOLOGIST

A

not an MD, evaluate & treat emotional problems & mental illnesses

99
Q

define SOCIAL WORKER

A

trained therapist

100
Q

define OPTHALMOLOGIST

A

physician diagnose & treat full spectrum of eye disease & can perform eye surgery

101
Q

define OPTOMETRIST

A

has doctor of optometry degree & provides primary eye care

102
Q

define OPTICIAN

A

practitioner that designs, fits, & dispense lenses for vision correction

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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